PENERAPAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA SUBTEMA KEBERSAMAAN DALAM KEBERAGAMAN (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di kelas IV SDN Pasirlemu Kecamatan Gununghalu Kabupaten Bandung Barat)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dengan menggunakan model Discovery Learning pada Subtema Kebersamaan Dalam Keberagaman. Penelitian tindakan kelas dilaksanakan di kelas IV SDN Pasirlemu Kecamatan Gununghalu. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dengan keadaan siswa di kelas IV SDN Pasirlemu yang sikap kerjasamanya kurang sehingga berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan pembelajaran yang hanya berpusat pada guru tanpa melibatkan siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa yaitu dengan diterapkannya model Discovery Learning sebagai alternatif dalam pemecahan masalah. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan sistem siklus yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, analisis dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam III siklus. Dalam setiap siklusnya dilaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning yang terdiri dari 6 tahap yaitu 1. Pemberian rangsangan, 2. Identifikasi masalah, 3. Pengumpulan data, 4. Pengolahan data, 5. Pembuktian, 6. Penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik evaluasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah teknik tes dan non tes. Teknik tes untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa dan teknik non tes yang terdiri dari observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa dengan menerapkan model Discovery Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada Subtema Kebersamaan dalam Keberagaman. Hal tersebut terlihat dari adanya peningkatan dalam menyusun rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran yaitu pada siklus I dengan persentase 78%, siklus II 87%, dan siklus III 97%. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada siklus I mencapai nilai rata-rata 3,3 dengan persentase 82%, siklus II 3,65 dengan persentase 91%, dan siklus III 3,9 dengan persentase 97%. Sikap Kerjasama yaitu pada siklus I mencapai persentase 35%, pada siklus II 65%, dan siklus III 82%. Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I mencapai persentase 47%, siklus II 70%, dan siklus III 82%. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menerapkan model Discovery Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Kata kunci : Discovery Learning, Hasil belajar

HEGEMONIC MASCULINITY AND GENDER PERFORMATIVITY OF AN ANDROGYNOUS MALE MODEL IN SURABAYA

This article aims to analyze the emergence of hegemonic masculinity shown by the androgynous model in Surabaya. This study applies gender performativity by Judith Butler to elaborate on how hegemonic masculinity is manifested. The result of this study reveals that the emergence of hegemonic masculinity is negotiated. Since the idea of androgyny is stigmatized and marginalized, the embodiment of the male androgynous model carries a new standard of masculinity and holds legitimation in society. Nevertheless, He still needed to perform the idea of heteronormativity, for example throughout his sexual orientation, personality and daily outifits. As a result, this narrative infers that in the practice of hegemonic masculinity, the male androgynous still needs to strive to earn legitimation by adopting the concept of gender performativity

Procyanidins are potent inhibitors of LOX-1: a new player in the French Paradox

Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) is an endothelial receptor for oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and plays multiple roles in the development of cardiovascular diseases. We screened more than 400 foodstuff extracts for identifying materials that inhibit oxLDL binding to LOX-1. Results showed that 52 extracts inhibited LOX-1 by more than 70% in cell-free assays. Subsequent cell-based assays revealed that a variety of foodstuffs known to be rich in procyanidins such as grape seed extracts and apple polyphenols, potently inhibited oxLDL uptake in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing LOX-1. Indeed, purified procyanidins significantly inhibited oxLDL binding to LOX-1 while other ingredients of apple polyphenols did not. Moreover, chronic administration of oligomeric procyanidins suppressed lipid accumulation in vascular wall in hypertensive rats fed with high fat diet. These results suggest that procyanidins are LOX-1 inhibitors and LOX-1 inhibition might be a possible underlying mechanism of the well-known vascular protective effects of red wine, the French Paradox

THE WELFARE AND ETHICS OF RESEARCH INVOLVING WILD ANIMALS: A PRIMER

ABSTRACT 1. Wild animals are used in scientific research in a wide variety of contexts both in situ and ex situ. Guidelines for best practice, where they exist, are not always clearly linked to animal welfare and may instead have their origins in practicality. This is complicated by a lack of clarity about indicators of welfare for wild animals, and to what extent a researcher should intervene in cases of compromised welfare. 2. This Primer highlights and discusses the broad topic of wild animal welfare and the ethics of using wild animals in scientific research, both in the wild and in controlled conditions. Throughout, we discuss issues associated with the capture, handling, housing and experimental approaches for species occupying varied habitats, in both vertebrates and invertebrates (principally insects, crustaceans and molluscs). 3. We highlight where data on the impacts of wild animal research are lacking and provide suggestive guidance to help direct, prepare and mitigate potential welfare issues, including the consideration of end-points and the ethical framework around euthanasia. 4. We conclude with a series of recommendations for researchers to implement from the design stage of any study that uses animals, right through to publication, and discuss the role of journals in promoting better reporting of wild animal studies, ultimately to the benefit of wild animal welfare

XPS-SIMS surface characterization of aluminovanadate oxide catalyst precursors: Effect of precipitation pH

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF SIMS) are used to study the surface physical and chemical state of aluminovanadate oxide catalyst precursors (V-Al-O) precipitated at different pH within the range from 5.5 to 10. For comparison, the reference V 2O 5 and Al 2O 3 oxides are also investigated. Using XPS, the core-level photoelectron spectra, x-ray induced Auger spectra, and the valence- band spectra of the samples are obtained, and the surface concentration of components of the catalyst is quantitatively evaluated. Auger parameters for Al and O in V-Al-O, V 2O 5 and Al 2O 3 are measured, and the chemical Wagner diagrams are plotted. The O 2p-2p hole repulsion energy for all the samples is estimated. The binding-energy shifts of the O I s, V 2p and Al 2p lines are determined as a function of pH and analysed in terms of the initial-state effect related to the atomic charge as well as the Madelung potential and of the final-state relaxation effect. Increasing of pH is found to result in the monotonic variation of the surface composition with the V/Al ratio decreasing by a factor of ≅ 2.6, in the modification of the valence band, progressive hydration of the surface, and increasing dispersion of vanadium-oxide particles. In V-Al-O catalysts, the fraction of reduced V 4+ ions revealed by XPS is increasing with increasing pH, so, the average vanadium oxidation state is changed from ≅+4.8 to +4.6. The enhancement of catalytic activity for propane oxidative dehydrogenation demonstrated by V-Al-O at high precipitation pH is in a good correlation with decreasing surface V/Al ratio, growing population of the V 4+ states, and increasing nucleophilicity of oxygen atoms