The Subject Position in Brazilian Portuguese: the Embedding of a Syntactic Change

One remarkable difference between European and Brazilian Portuguese is related with the setting of the Null Subject Parameter (NSP). While European Portuguese (EP) behaves like a prototypical romance null subject language, contemporary Brazilian Portuguese (BP) is a partially pro-drop system (Duarte 1995; Kato 2000), with preferably overt referential subjects and null expletive subjects in finite clauses, a procedure consistent with a discourse orientation shown by BP (Kato and Duarte 2003). The aim of this paper is to show that the subject position of non-finite clauses begins to show some “side effects” or “by-products” of the ongoing process of change. Our analysis will compare the position of arbitrary subjects of infinitival sentences in EP and BP inspired by the diachronic analysis of Cavalcante (2006) of such structures in Classical Portuguese (from the 16th to the 18th century) and Modern European Portuguese (19th century). According to Cavalcante’s analysis, the use of impersonal clitic SE in variation with a null arbitrary subject in infinitival sentences declines from 20% in Classical Portuguese to 10% in Modern European Portuguese. The examples below illustrate the possible representations of the arbitrary “external argument” of the infinitive: EXAMPLE (1a-c) (1a) illustrates the empty subject; in (1b), the clitic SE could be interpreted as a nominative SE and in (1c), as a passive SE, since the inflected infinitive agrees with the internal argument of abreviar (to shorten). In each case, however, the external argument is suspended and has arbitrary interpretation. The same patterns can be found with tough-movement constructions. In this paper we compare contemporary Brazilian and European Portuguese, using samples from speech and writing. The results for the speech samples reveal that (a) EP exhibits the same pattern observed in the 19th century data (an average of 8% of clitic se); (b) BP, on the other hand, shows an increasing tendency to use overt subjects, specially the nominative pronoun você (you) in variation with impersonal clitic SE, some of the strategies used for arbitrary reference in finite clauses (Kato & Tarallo 1986; Duarte, Barbosa & Kato 2001 among others), a clear evidence of the embedding of the process of change in progress: EXAMPLE (2) As for the written language, a more similar behavior is found for both varieties. Since Brazilian traditional grammars have been built according to the 19th century EP, the rates of clitic SE are close to the ones found for Modern and Contemporary EP and the use of nominative pronouns is extremely rare. A qualitative analysis of se-constructions shows, however, that in EP, the clitic assures an arbitrary reading of the infinitival subject; in BP, on the other hand, such a constraint does not apply

Perencanaan Enterprise Architecture Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur PT. Z

PT.Z is a well-known producer and manufacturer of paint in Indonesia with years of experience in paint industry which produce many varieties of paint such as Decorative Coating (water and solvent based), automotive coating, Industrial Coating and Heavy Duty Coating. PT.Z has several subsidiaries all over Indonesia to elevate its product distribution. In the business process, PT.Z applies Information System to support and enhance the overall business. But, the current Information System applied is not subtle and disintegrated. Thus, it is a must for PT.Z to plan and create Enterprise Architecture with the method of Enterprise Architecture Planning. The process begins with doing analytical research of business model and Company\u27s business process. Afterwards, there will be analysis for Information Technology applied in PT.Z and the possible future problems regarding the Information Technology. The next step is to make the data architecture design, architecture application and architecture technology which comprehensive and suitable for the business purposes, strategies and business process. The result of Data Architecture Design, Application and the technology contains of eight sub information system, main application, supporting application and the use of Client/Server Architecture Pattern and Service Oriented Architecture

Magnetoresistive detection of perpendicular switching in a magnetic insulator

Spintronics offers promising routes for efficient memory, logic, and computing technologies. The central challenge in spintronics is electrically manipulating and detecting magnetic states in devices. The electrical control of magnetization via spin-orbit torques is effective in both conducting and insulating magnetic layers. However, the electrical readout of magnetization in the latter is inherently difficult, limiting its use in practical applications. Here, we demonstrate magnetoresistive detection of perpendicular magnetization reversal in an electrically insulating ferrimagnet, terbium iron garnet (TbIG). To do so, we use TbIG|Cu|TbCo, where TbCo is a conducting ferrimagnet and serves as the reference layer, and Cu is a nonmagnetic spacer. Current injection through Cu|TbCo allows us to detect the magnetization reversal of TbIG with a simple resistance readout during an external magnetic field sweep. By examining the effect of measurement temperature, TbCo composition, and Cu thickness on the sign and amplitude of the magnetoresistance, we conclude that the spin-dependent electron scattering at the TbIG|Cu interface is the underlying cause. Technologically-feasible magnetoresistive detection of perpendicular switching in a ferrimagnetic garnet is a breakthrough, as it opens broad avenues for novel insulating spintronic devices and concepts

Chemical and isotopic snow variability in East Antarctica along the 2001/02 ITASE traverse

AbstractAs part of the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) project, a traverse was carried out from November 2001 to January 2002 through Terre Adélie, George V Land, Oates Land and northern Victoria Land, for a total length of about 1875 km. The research goal is to determine the latitudinal and longitudinal variability of physical, chemical and isotopic parameters along three transects: one west–east transect (WE), following the 2150m contour line (about 400 km inland of the Adélie, George V and Oates coasts), and two north–south transects (inland Terre Adélie and Oates Coast–Talos Dome–Victoria Land). The intersection between the WE and Oates Coast–Victoria Land transects is in the Talos Dome area. Along the traverse, eight 2 m deep snow pits were dug and sampled with a 2.5 cm depth resolution. For spatial variability, 1 m deep integrated samples were collected every 5 km (363 sampling sites). In the snow-pit stratigraphy, pronounced annual cycles, with summer maxima, were observed for nssSO42–, MSA, NO3– and H2O2. The seasonality of these chemical trace species was used in combination with stable-isotope stratigraphy to derive reliable and temporally representative snow-accumulation rates. The study of chemical, isotopic and accumulation-rate variability allowed the identification of a distribution pattern which is controlled not only by altitude and distance from the sea, but also by the complex circulation of air masses in the study area. In particular, although the Talos Dome area is almost equidistant from the Southern Ocean and the Ross Sea, local atmospheric circulation is such that the area is strongly affected only by the Ross Sea. Moreover, we observed a decrease in concentration of aerosol components in the central portion of the WE transect and in the southern portion of the Talos Dome transect; this decrease was linked to the higher stability of atmospheric pressure due to the channelling of katabatic winds

Researchers' Seedbeds for the Development of Research Skills in Universities

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effects of the application of the pedagogical strategy "researcher's seedbed" in the development of research skills in universities. This research is of quasi-experimental, longitudinal and prospective design, where 2 groups were formed: control and experimental, of 18 students each. A validated instrument was used to measure the research competences, as well as a rubric for the evaluation of the research projects. It began with a pre-test, and after 14 weeks of the development of the strategy, through different educational sessions, the post-test was administered. Likewise, the research projects carried out were evaluated. The results obtained showed that the pedagogical strategy had a positive effect on the development of research skills, with the highest evaluation being found in 40% of the students, with statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups (Mann Whitney U, p=0.007), and between the pre-test and post-test (Wilcoxon, p=0.00). In the development of cognitive and procedural competence, an effect was also found in the strategy, but not in the attitudinal competence (Mann Whitney U, p=0.496). The application of this study is based on the fact that the formation of research groups in universities strengthens formative research in higher level students. This study shows the benefits of the implementation of strategies for the development of research competencies, since the product will be to train professionals with a scientific culture in favor of society

A multipronged approach to understanding the form and function of hStaufen protein

Staufen is a dsRNA binding protein that plays an essential role in many aspects of RNA regulation, such as mRNA transport, Staufen-mediated mRNA decay and the regulation of mRNA translation. Staufen is a modular protein characterized by the presence of conserved consensus amino acid sequences that fold into double-stranded RNA binding domains (RBDs) as well as degenerated RBDs that maintain the α-β-β-β-α fold but are unable to bind RNA and are instead involved in protein-protein interactions. The variety of biological processes in which Staufen participates in the cell suggests that this protein associates with many diverse RNA targets, some of which have been identified experimentally. Staufen binding mediates the recruitment of effectors via protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. The structural determinants of a number of these interactions, as well as the structure of full-length Staufen, remain unknown. Here, we present the first solution structure models for full-length human Staufen155, showing that its domains are arranged as beads-on-a-string in the absence of RNA

Our experience in stereoelectroencephalography and electrical stimulation in a public hospital

Purpose : Stereo- electroencephalography (SEEG) is a procedure performed for patients with intractable epilepsy in order to anatomically define the epileptogenic zone (EZ) and the possible related functional cortical areas. Electrical stimulation (ES) was developed to identify with precision cortical structures essential to language and motor function, and to trigger seizures. The aim of this study is to analyze electrical stimulation (ES) findings in our patient population. Method : We analyzed 30 patients with drug resistant epilepsy from our Video- EEG Unit, who underwent a SEEG as part of a surgical plan. Cognitive tasks performed during ES were: hand tapping, naming, automatic speech (counting), reading and verbal fluency. Results : From the 30 patients, we trigger theirs usual seizures in 25 (83.33%), 159 seizures: 25 (15.5%) were trigger with hippocampus stimulation, 15 (9.4%) amygdala, 30 (18.8%) other temporal areas, 50 (31.4%) frontal areas, 15 (9.4%) parieto- occipital areas, and 24 seizures (15%) were obtained with the stimulation of two continues areas. In 14 (46.6%) patients we stimulate eloquent brain regions: 8 (57%) language, 7 (50%) patients were evaluated the motor area, 2 (14.2%)sensitive areas, 4 (28.4%) visual and 5 (28.4%)auditory sensations. We define EZ in all of the patients, 8 (26.6%) mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, 2 (6.6%) other temporal areas, 13 (43.3%) frontal lobe epilepsy, 5 (21.7%) parieto- occipital epilepsy, 2 (6.6%) insular epilepsy. Conclusion : ES is a procedure that allowed us the accurate location of the EZ, the temporal space dynamics of the epiletogenic network and the functional mapping, to plan cortical resection without overlap and to improve postsurgical prognosis.Fil: Giagante, Brenda. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital El Cruce Doctor Nestor Carlos Kirchner. Centro de Medicina Traslacional.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; ArgentinaFil: Silvia, O.. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital El Cruce Doctor Nestor Carlos Kirchner. Centro de Medicina Traslacional.; ArgentinaFil: Patricia, S.. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital El Cruce Doctor Nestor Carlos Kirchner. Centro de Medicina Traslacional.; ArgentinaFil: Nasimbera, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital El Cruce Doctor Nestor Carlos Kirchner. Centro de Medicina Traslacional.; ArgentinaFil: Princich, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital El Cruce Doctor Nestor Carlos Kirchner. Centro de Medicina Traslacional.; ArgentinaFil: Santiago, Cintia Cecilia. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital El Cruce Doctor Nestor Carlos Kirchner. Centro de Medicina Traslacional.; ArgentinaFil: D'Alessio, L. D.. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital El Cruce Doctor Nestor Carlos Kirchner. Centro de Medicina Traslacional.; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Lima, Monica Lorena. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital El Cruce Doctor Nestor Carlos Kirchner. Centro de Medicina Traslacional.; ArgentinaFil: Lomlomjian, C.. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital El Cruce Doctor Nestor Carlos Kirchner. Centro de Medicina Traslacional.; ArgentinaFil: Seoane, P.. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital El Cruce Doctor Nestor Carlos Kirchner. Centro de Medicina Traslacional.; ArgentinaFil: Kochen, Sara Silvia. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital El Cruce Doctor Nestor Carlos Kirchner. Centro de Medicina Traslacional.; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina33° Congreso Internacional de EpilepsiaBangkokTailandiaInternational League Against Epileps

Quality of Life in Partners of Young and Old Breast Cancer Survivors

Background: Partners of breast cancer survivors experience the effects of a spouse's cancer years after treatment. Partners of younger survivors (YP) may experience greater problems than partners of older survivors (OP), just as younger survivors experience greater problems than their older counterparts. Objectives: To 1) compare quality of life (QoL) in YP and OP, and 2) determine contributing factors to each group's QoL. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from YP (n=227) and OP (n=281) through self-report. MANOVA was used to determine differences between YP and OP on QoL while controlling for covariates. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine what contributes to each group's QoL. Results: YP reported better physical function (effect size (ES)= -0.57), lower marital satisfaction (ES=0.39), and lower overall QoL (ES=0.43) than partners of older survivors. Predictors of QoL also differed between partner groups. For YP, overall QoL was predicted by greater physical functioning, fewer depressive symptoms, higher marital satisfaction, higher parenting satisfaction, and more personal resources. R2= .47; F(5, 195)= 35.05; p<.001. For OP, overall QoL was predicted by fewer depressive symptoms, higher parenting satisfaction, higher spirituality, and greater social support from the breast cancer survivor spouse. R2= .33; F(4, 244)= 29.80; p<.001. Conclusions: OP reported greater QoL than YP. Common factors contributing to QoL between YP and OP were fewer depressive symptoms and higher parenting satisfaction. Implications for Practice: Partners of breast cancer survivors may need support coping with their spouse’s/partner’s cancer. Partners of younger survivors may require more support than partners of older survivors.This study was coordinated by the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (Robert L. Comis, MD and Mitchell D. Schnall, MD, PhD, Group Co-Chairs) and supported in part by Public Health Service Grants CA189828, CA180795, CA37403, CA35199, CA17145 and CA49883, and from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health and the Department of Health and Human Services. Its content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers K05CA175048, T32CA117865-11, and R25CA117865. Its content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health, including the National Cancer Institute or the National Institute of Nursing Research