Radiosonde measurements from station Barrow (2006-05)

Additional file 2. SchemeA1 (i.e. all herds provided genotyped candidates and selection was applied to the whole population without time limits). Effects over years after the beginning of selection accounting for different patterns of age structure

Modesto et al 2018 African penguins STRs data

This file contains the microsatellite genotypes for each individual penguin presented here in a .txt file (a format that can be used directly in COLONY software). The 15 microsatellite loci are labelled at the top of the file

MOESM7 of Predicting the impact of selection for scrapie resistance on PRNP genotype frequencies in goats

Additional file 7. SchemeB2 (i.e. only a closed-nucleus provided genotyped candidates for its own replacement and for the base herds; selection ceased at a given frequency of K-carriers). Effects on base herds after ceasing selection at different threshold frequencies

MOESM5 of Predicting the impact of selection for scrapie resistance on PRNP genotype frequencies in goats

Additional file 5. SchemeB1 (i.e. only a closed-nucleus provided genotyped candidates for its own replacement and for the base herds; selection was performed without time limits). Effects on base herds over years after the beginning of selection accounting for different patterns of age structure

MOESM4 of Predicting the impact of selection for scrapie resistance on PRNP genotype frequencies in goats

Additional file 4. SchemeB1 (i.e. only a closed-nucleus provided genotyped candidates for its own replacement and for the base herds; selection was performed without time limits). Effects of selection in Chamois Coloured for a range of nucleus size values accounting for 10–25% of all herds

MOESM6 of Predicting the impact of selection for scrapie resistance on PRNP genotype frequencies in goats

Additional file 6. SchemeA2 (i.e. all herds provided genotyped candidates and selection ceased when a given threshold frequency of K-carriers was reached). Effects after ceasing selection at different threshold frequencies

Clinical, pathological, and molecular features of classical and L-type atypical-BSE in goats

<div><p>Monitoring of small ruminants for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) has recently become more relevant after two natural scrapie suspected cases of goats were found to be positive for classical BSE (C-BSE). C-BSE probably established itself in this species unrecognized, undermining disease control measures. This opens the possibility that TSEs in goats may remain an animal source for human prion diseases. Currently, there are no data regarding the natural presence of the atypical BSE in caprines. Here we report that C-BSE and L-type atypical BSE (L-BSE) isolates from bovine species are intracerebrally transmissible to goats, with a 100% attack rate and a significantly shorter incubation period and survival time after C-BSE than after L-BSE experimental infection, suggesting a lower species barrier for classical agentin goat. All animals showed nearly the same clinical features of disease characterized by skin lesions, including broken hair and alopecia, and abnormal mental status. Histology and immunohistochemistry showed several differences between C-BSE and L-BSE infection, allowing discrimination between the two different strains. The lymphoreticular involvement we observed in the C-BSE positive goats argues in favour of a peripheral distribution of PrPSc similar to classical scrapie. Western blot and other currently approved screening tests detected both strains in the goats and were able to classify negative control animals. These data demonstrate that active surveillance of small ruminants, as applied to fallen stock and/or healthy slaughter populations in European countries, is able to correctly identify and classify classical and L-BSE and ultimately protect public health.</p></div

Non-quantitative diagram of neuroanatomical distribution of PrP immunolabelling in L-BSE group.

<p>This distribution refers to one animal (69540) representative of all animals in the group. A: Telencephalon; B: Diencephalon; C: Mesencephalon; D: Pons; E: Cerebellum; F: Brainstem.</p

Kaplan–Meier survival curves for survival times.

<p>Kaplan–Meier survival curves for survival times.</p

Haematoxylin and eosin.

<p>A: Frontal cortex of C-BSE (10X); B: Frontal cortex of L-BSE (10X); C: Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve, brainstem of C-BSE (10X); D: Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve, brainstem of L-BSE (10X). The single image shows one animal (81556 for C-BSE and 69540 for L-BSE) representative of all animals in the group. Scale bar: 100 μm.</p