Adiposidade em adolescentes e obesidade materna Relationship between maternal obesity and adiposity in adolescents

OBJETIVO: Descrever a relação entre adiposidade na adolescência e obesidade materna. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal com 660 indivíduos de 8 a 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, matriculados em uma escola pública e outra privada do município de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista, medidas antropométricas e inquérito alimentar. A adiposidade na adolescência foi mensurada a partir do índice de massa corporal e, por meio de análise de regressão, verificou-se sua relação com a obesidade materna, ajustada por sexo, idade, estágio de maturação sexual, valor energético total da dieta, atividade física, sedentarismo, peso ao nascer e escolaridade materna. RESULTADOS: Dos adolescentes estudados, 64,7% eram do sexo feminino. A média (desvio-padrão) de idade foi de 12,4 (1,80), variando de 8 a 17 anos. Verificou-se maior prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade entre os indivíduos do sexo masculino, não sendo observada associação significativa entre estado nutricional e sexo. Após ajuste pelas covariáveis, detectou-se que filhos de mães obesas têm risco quatro vezes maior de ser obesos, quando comparados aos adolescentes filhos de mães não obesas. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a obesidade materna representa fator de risco importante para o desenvolvimento da obesidade na adolescência.<br>OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the relationship between teenager's adiposity and maternal obesity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done with 660 teenagers aged 8 to 18 years, of both genders, students of private and public schools of São Paulo. The data were collected by interviews, anthropometric measurements and food intake records. Teenagers' adiposity was determined by body mass index and regression analyses was used to verify its relationship with maternal obesity adjusted for gender, age, stage of sexual development, energy intake, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, birth weight and mother's education level. RESULTS: Most (64.7%) of the teenagers were female. The mean age was 12.4 years (SD=1.80), aged 8 to 17 years. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was higher in boys. No statistical difference was found between nutritional status and gender. After the adjustments, the data show that children of obese mothers were 4 times more likely to be at risk of obesity than children of normal weight mothers. CONCLUSION: Maternal obesity is a great risk factor for adolescent obesity

Attitudes and behaviors toward Amazon River dolphins (<em>Inia geoffrensis</em>) in a sustainable use protected area

Negative interactions between fishers and the Amazon River dolphin (Inia geoffrensis), or boto, have increased substantially in the last few decades. Herein, we investigate these interactions with focus on assessing fisher perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors toward botos. Moreover, we evaluate the effect that the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (MSDR) in the Brazilian Amazon, and related programs, has had on fisher attitudes and behaviors toward botos. The results suggest that interactions between fishers and botos, such as depredation and incidental entanglement, are frequent, and that the illegal harvest for botos, for use as bait, occurs in the majority of the study communities. However, the assessment revealed that most fishers have positive attitudes toward botos and that these attitudes have been influenced by participation in the MSDR activities such as research and ecotourism. Our results also highlight the importance of community-based enforcement in addressing the issue of boto harvesting. The MSDR programs have successfully promoted positive attitudes toward botos and have likely played a role in limiting boto mortality through behavioral controls, though the scope of influence of these programs has been restricted to a small geographical area. The current extent of these programs is insufficient to prevent the decline of the boto population; therefore, we suggest the MSDR model be used to improve and expand boto conservation efforts with communities in the region. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht