Effect of low-calcium diet and grind diet on bone turnover of ovariectomized female rats

Objective: The variety of methodologies used to investigate ovariectomized female rats shows different results, which makes a clinical application of these results difficult. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of masticatory effort reduction and of low-calcium diet on maxillary bone turnover of ovariectomized female rats. Study Design: Eighty-four female rats were divided into four groups of 21 animals each as follows: SHAM - sham-operated; OVZ - ovariectomized and fed a standard commercial diet; LCD - fed a low calcium diet, and GCD - fed a grind commercial diet. The inferior first molars were extracted bilaterally 15 days after the ovariectomy, and the animals were euthanized 3, 5 and 8 weeks after ovaries removal. The maxillae were embedded in methylmetacrilate. The results were submitted to analysis of variance. Results: The daily mineral apposition rate lowered with time and was not different between SHAM and OVZ groups. The trabecular bone volume of SHAM and OVZ animals was similar and decreased with time. The GCD animals presented the lowest means and the LCD the highest in comparison to the OVZ group. Conclusion: It was concluded that ovariectomy and a low calcium diet did not cause significant maxillary bone loss in the first molar region, and even in the absence of the antagonist tooth, they did not cause maxillary bone turnover. The grind commercial diet is a good alternative for the study of maxillary bone loss in ovariectomized female rats. © Medicina Oral S. L

Intraosseous foreign-body granuloma in the mandible subsequent to a 20-year-old work-related accident

The purpose of this article was to describe the clinical and microscopic features of an intraosseous foreign-body granuloma in the mandible that developed after the traumatic implantation of metal fragments during a work-related accident. A 65-year-old male patient had a severe pain in the body of mandible. Clinical examination showed facial asymmetry and a scar, extending to the left mental region. Intraoral examination revealed a soft mass involving the left alveolar bone with normal appearance of the mucosa surface. Panoramic radiographs showed a radiolucent lesion along the mandible extending from the central incisive to the first molar. Computed tomography revealed an osteolytic mass in the same area. His medical history included a work-related accident twenty years prior to evaluation. During the biopsy an important amount of bright metal-like pieces surrounded by soft tissue were found. A microscopic examination showed a foreign body associated with an aggregation of multinucleated giant cells. The final diagnosis was a foreign body granuloma. Even though foreign-body granulomas in the mandible are rare lesions, dentists should be familiar with their features and include them in the differential diagnosis of tissue masses

Intraosseous foreign-body granuloma in the mandible subsequent to a 20-year-old work-related accident

Abstract The purpose of this article was to describe the clinical and microscopic features of an intraosseous foreign-body granuloma in the mandible that developed after the traumatic implantation of metal fragments during a work-related accident. A 65-year-old male patient had a severe pain in the body of mandible. Clinical examination showed facial asymmetry and a scar, extending to the left mental region. Intraoral examination revealed a soft mass involving the left alveolar bone with normal appearance of the mucosa surface. Panoramic radiographs showed a radiolucent lesion along the mandible extending from the central incisive to the first molar. Computed tomography revealed an osteolytic mass in the same area. His medical history included a work-related accident twenty years prior to evaluation. During the biopsy an important amount of bright metal-like pieces surrounded by soft tissue were found. A microscopic examination showed a foreign body associated with an aggregation of multinucleated giant cells. The final diagnosis was a foreign body granuloma. Even though foreign-body granulomas in the mandible are rare lesions, dentists should be familiar with their features and include them in the differential diagnosis of tissue masses

Efeitos iniciais da ovariectomia e do tratamento com estrógeno e isoflavonas da soja, isolados e associados, na reparação óssea alveolar e no útero de ratas

Due to the adverse effects of estrogen, new therapies have been proposed, such as soy isoflavones. However, their effects on bone repair and uterus epithelium remain unclear. The aim of this work was to study the acute effects of ovariectomy and treatment with estrogen and soy isoflavones, isolated or in association, on rat bone repair and uterus epithelium. 120 rats were used; 96 ovariectomized and 24 Sham-operated (SHAM). The ovariectomized rats were dibided into 4 groups, receiving orally: 1 mg/kg/day of 17 'beta'-estradiol valerate(OVZ-E); 15mg/kg/day of isoflavones (OVZ-I); associated treatments (OVZ-A); and vehile (OVZ). SHAM rats received vehicle. Treatment began on the ovariectomy day. The lower first molar was removed on both sides 15 days after ovariectomy. The rats received the treatment until sacrificed, which occurred at seven, 21 and 45 days after dental extraction. The uterus was submitted to histological analyses and the mandible to histological, histomorphometric, backscattered electron microscopy (BSE) and immunohistochemistry analyses. Concerning bone repair, no difference was observed in trabecular volume between the OVZ and SHAM groups for each period. Histological analysis and BSE revealed changes in bone microarchitecture after 45 days. Verification showed that the SHAM group presented a higher mean osteoid volume at seven days compared to the OVZ and OVZ-E groups and that the OVZ-A group showed the highest mean for this period. The number of mast cells tended to be higher in the OVZ group at 45 days. Strong expression of TGF-'beta' was observed at seven days, which diminished over time. The OVZ-E group presented the lowest mineral apposition rate at seven days. No difference was observed for the remaining periods. The SHAM, OVZ-E and OVZ-A...Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

A influência da deficiência estrogênica no processo de remodelação e reparação óssea

INTRODUÇÃO: Nestes últimos anos, descobriu-se a complexidade dos mecanismos que influenciam a atividade óssea, e grande parte das pesquisas direcionou-se para o estudo de fatores capazes de modular as funções ósseas. Essa expansão da pesquisa deve-se, em parte, ao reconhecimento da osteoporose como importante problema na velhice. A osteoporose constitui uma das osteopatias mais comuns, caracterizando-se pela redução da massa óssea, determinada, por sua vez, pelo desequilíbrio entre reabsorção e neoformação. OBJETIVO: Apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre os principais aspectos da remodelação e da reparação associados à deficiência estrogênica. Remodelação óssea: O osso apresenta processo contínuo de remodelação, entretanto anormalidades nesse processo ocorrem em algumas doenças, entre elas a osteoporose, sendo que a deficiência estrogênica parece ter o papel principal na sua gênese. Reparação óssea: Tal processo envolve uma cascata complexa de respostas biológicase, assim como a remodelação, é afetado por fatores locais e externos e regulado pela interação de diferentes mecanismos. Portanto, o aumento ou o decréscimo da capacidade de reparação óssea têm sido relacionados a alterações ocorridas na remodelação. Deficiência estrogênica e metabolismo ósseo: A maioria dos autores sugere uma redução na capacidade de remodelação e de reparação do tecido. DISCUSSÃO: Ainda não está determinado qual estágio da reparação é mais alterado, se a fase inicial de formação do calo ósseo, se a de mineralização ou se a fase tardia da reparação, a remodelação óssea. CONCLUSÃO: Como os mecanismos fisiológicos e a patogênese das alterações ósseas causadas pela deficiência estrogênica não estão completamente estabelecidos, novas pesquisas ainda são necessárias.INTRODUCTION: In the past few years, it was recognized the great complexity of the mechanisms that influence bone cellular activity and several studies focus on the factors able to modulate the bone functions. The increase of bone research is, in part, due to the establishment of osteoporosis as a healthy problem common in elderly. Osteoporosis is one of the most important osteopathy, characterized by the bone mass reduction, resulted from disequilibrium between bone resorption and bone formation. OBJECTIVE: Based on the relationship between estrogen and bone metabolism, the aim of this study is present a review of literature about the principal aspects of bone turnover and bone repair associated to estrogen deficiency. Bone turnover: Bone tissue is in continuous turnover, however, changes in this process can result in some disorders, such as osteoporosis. Bone repair: Involves a sequence of biological events. It is affected by local and external factors and regulated by interaction of several mechanisms, like bone turnover. Estrogen deficiency and bone metabolism: The capacity to repair has been associated to changes in bone turnover and repair. DISCUSSION: It is not known which bone repair stage is modified: the bone formation, the mineralization or the resorption stage. CONCLUSION: The pathophysiology of bone changes caused by estrogen deficiency are not completely clear, so, new studies are still necessary

Immunohistochemistry as a fundamental tool for the differential diagnosis of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a subtype of salivary gland carcinoma with a marked predilection for the minor salivary glands. The diagnosis of this lesion can be a challenge in incisional biopsies because of its similarity to other salivary neoplasms and the difficulty of analyzing its infiltrative nature and neurotropism. Diagnosis can be facilitated, however, by immunohistochemistry, a technique that has become a fundamental tool to the pathologist. The purpose of this study was analyze the immunohistochemical aspects of 4 cases that were examined in the São José dos Campos School of Dentistry. The patients included 4 women, ages 32 to 57 years (mean, 50 years), who reported an intraoral painless lesion, ranging in size from 1 to 3 cm (mean, 1.75 cm) with a variable evolution period. Histologically, the lesions showed similar aspects, characterized by polymorphous growth pattern, including solid, cribriform, trabecular, papillary, and single-file arrays. The tumors showed positivity to cytokeratins (Cks) 7 and 8 and vimentin, variable expression for Ck 14, and a negative reaction to Cks 13 and 19 and muscle-specific actin. PLGA is a tumor of the salivary gland that must be distinguished from other neoplasms for therapeutic and prognostic considerations, and the panel of antibodies employed in this study was effective for its diagnosis

Leiomioma vascular bucal: relato de dois casos, revisão da literatura e estudo imuno-histoquímico Oral vascular leiomyoma: report of two cases, review of literature and immunohistochemistry study

INTRODUÇÃO: Os leiomiomas são neoplasias benignas do músculo liso que ocorrem mais comumente nos tratos geniturinário e gastrintestinal, entretanto são raros na cavidade bucal, na qual provavelmente a maioria desses tumores tem sua origem a partir de músculo liso vascular. OBJETIVOS: Relatar dois casos com história clínica semelhante, confrontando seus aspectos com aqueles encontrados na literatura. RELATO DOS CASOS: Dois casos de mulheres na quinta e sexta décadas de vida apresentando nódulo submucoso em ventre lingual. Após exame microscópico que revelou numerosos vasos sangüíneos entremeados a células fusiformes, com núcleos ovalados ou alongados, e exame imuno-histoquímico com positividade para actina de músculo liso nos dois casos, o diagnóstico final foi leiomioma vascular. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo do leiomioma vascular bucal é de extrema importância devido à raridade e semelhança desse com outras lesões da cavidade bucal. A análise imuno-histoquímica é importante para o diagnóstico final do leiomioma.<br>INTRODUCTION: The leiomyomas are benign tumors of smooth muscle origin, which are more frequently found in genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts. However, leiomyomas rarely arise in the oral cavity, and when it happens, the majority of them is originated by smooth muscle of blood vessels. AIMS: Report two cases of oral vascular leiomyoma with similar clinical characteristics, and discuss their aspects with the literature. CASE REPORT: Two cases of vascular leiomyoma in women that presented a nodular mass in the tongue ventral surface were described. The microscopic analysis revealed numerous blood vessels surrounded by spindle cells with ovoid or elongated nuclei. The two cases presented immunopositivity for smooth muscle actin, confirming the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The study of vascular leiomyoma is required due to its rarity and similar aspects with other oral common lesions. The immunohistochemical analysis is a fundamental tool for the final diagnosis of leiomyoma