Investigação de verminoses pulmonares associadas a doenças broncopulmonares em felinos domésticos

As doenças broncoalveolares associadas a verminoses pulmonares em gatos são citadas como comuns, porém são pouco diagnosticadas na rotina clínica. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus é um nematódeo, heteroxeno, que causa infecção broncopulmonar em gatos domésticos. Os parasitos adultos residem no interior dos bronquíolos, no parênquima pulmonar e nos alvéolos. Eucoleus aerophilus é um helminto pulmonar que pode ter tanto um ciclo de vida direto, como indireto. As fêmeas depositam os ovos nos pulmões, que são expelidos com a tosse, deglutidos e eliminados com as fezes. Em ambos a sintomatologia é semelhante, cursando com tosse de baixa intensidade, sibilos pulmonares graves e angústia respiratória. Dessa forma, a sintomatologia dessas verminoses é semelhante a da bronquite felina. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de verminoses pulmonares associadas a doenças broncopulmonares em gatos atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da UFRGS. Na metodologia, foi utilizado como ferramentas diagnósticas exame parasitológico de fezes (EPF) pelos métodos de Willis Mollay e Baermann, radiografia torácica, hemograma e lavado broncoalveolar (LBA). Foram incluídos 43 gatos sintomáticos e assintomáticos com alteração radiográfica compatível com doença broncoalveolar, dos quais 41% (18/43) foram positivos para A. abstrusus pelo método de Baermann. Os pacientes tinham idade média de seis anos (variando de seis meses a 16 anos), dos quais 51% (22/43) eram fêmeas, 90% (39/43) sem raça definida, 7% (3/43) da raça Persa e 3% Siamês (1/43). Sobre a presença de infecção pelos Vírus da Imunodeficiência Felina e Leucemia Felina (FIV/FeLV), 83% (36/43) eram negativos, 12% (5/43) positivos para FeLV e 5% (2/43) positivos para FIV. Quanto à sintomatologia, 28% (12/43) eram assintomáticos; 37% (16/43) apresentavam sintomatologia leve; 14% (6/43), sintomatologia moderada; e 21% (9/43) grave. Dos 21 pacientes que realizaram LBA, nenhuma larva foi resgatada, mesmo nos quatro gatos positivos pelo método de Baermann. Dos parasitados, 34% (6/18) eram assintomáticos, 34% (6/18) eram sintomáticos leves, 5% (1/18) eram moderados e 27% (5/18) eram graves; com idade média de 3,7anos (variando de cinco meses a oito anos), 50% fêmeas, 95% (17/18) SRD e 5% (1/18) Persa, 77% (14/18) eram negativos para FIV/FeLV e 23% (4/18), positivos para FeLV. Conclui-se que o parasito é uma importante causa de doença broncopulmonar em gatos, sendo o método de Baermann confiável, de baixo custo, de fácil acesso e não invasivo no diagnóstico de demonstração das larvas nas fezes. O LBA, a radiografia torácica e o hemograma não caracterizaram a infecção parasitária na maioria dos gatos parasitados. Os pacientes com acesso à rua, gramíneas/ pólen e hábito de caça se mostraram mais predispostos à infecção parasitária. Porém, sugere-se a necessidade da realização da avaliação molecular das amostras fecais para confirmar os resultados obtidos através da detecção de frações gênicas do nematódeo.Bronchoalveolar diseases associated with pulmonary verminoses in cats are cited as common, but are poorly diagnosed in clinical routine. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is a nematode, heteroxene, that causes bronchopulmonary infection in domestic cats. The adult parasites reside inside the bronchioles, the lung parenchyma, and the alveoli. Eucoleus aerophilus is a pulmonary helminth that can have both a direct and indirect life cycle. Females lay eggs in the lungs, which are expelled with cough, swallowed and eliminated with feces. In both, the symptomatology is similar, attending with low intensity cough, severe pulmonary wheezing and respiratory distress. Thus, the symptomatology of these verminoses is similar to that of feline bronchitis. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of pulmonary verminoses associated with bronchopulmonary diseases in cats treated at the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics of UFRGS. In the methodology, the parasitological examination of feces (EPF) by the methods of Willis Mollay and Baermann, chest X-ray, blood count and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were used as diagnostic tools. A total of 43 symptomatic and asymptomatic cats with radiographic alteration compatible with bronchoalveolar disease were included, of which 41% (18/43) were positive for A. abstrusus by the Baermann method. Patients had a mean age of six years (ranging from six months to 16 years), of which 51% (22/43) were female, 90% (39/43) of undefined, 7% (3/43) Persian and 3% Siamese (1/43). Regarding the presence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Feline Leukemia (FIV / FeLV), 83% (36/43) were negative, 12% (5/43) positive for FeLV and 5% (2/43) positive for FIV . As for symptomatology, 28% (12/43) were asymptomatic; 37% (16/43) had mild symptoms; 14% (6/43), moderate symptomatology; and severe 21% (9/43). Of the 21 patients who performed BAL, no larva was rescued, even in the four cats positive by the Baermann method. Of the parasites, 34% (6/18) were asymptomatic, 34% (6/18) were mild symptomatic, 5% (1/18) were moderate and 27% (5/18) were severe; with a mean age of 3.7 years (ranging from five months to eight years), 50% females, 95% (17/18) mongrel and 5% (1/18) Persian, 77% (14/18) were negative for FIV/ FeLV and 23% (4/18), positive for FeLV. It is concluded that the parasite is an important cause of bronchopulmonary disease in cats, and the Baermann method is reliable, low cost, easily accessible and non-invasive in the diagnosis of fecal larvae. LBA, chest X-ray and blood count did not characterize the parasitic infection in most parasitized cats. Patients with street access, grass / pollen and hunting habits were more predisposed to parasitic infection. However, it is suggested that the molecular evaluation of fecal samples should be performed to confirm the results obtained through the detection of nematode gene fractions

Immunization of cats against feline immunodeficiency retrovirus (FIV) and feline leukemia (FeLV)

Atualmente, há um debate entre os clínicos de felinos sobre a eficácia e segurança da vacinação com vírus vivo modificado em gatos infectados com retrovírus: vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV). Na rotina clínica, dever-se-ia saber o status sorológico de todos os pacientes quanto às retroviroses felinas, o que acaba não ocorrendo por questões financeiras do cliente ou não indicação do teste pelo médico veterinário. Na prática, se observa que os gatos FIV e FeLV positivos são vacinados com vacinas atenuadas, sem mostrar quaisquer sinais clínicos de imunodepressão ou efeitos colaterais. Este trabalho revisa a vacinação de gatos frente a estes retrovírus.Currently, there is a debate among feline clinicians about the efficacy and safety of modified live virus vaccination in cats infected with retroviruses: feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). In clinical routine, the serological status of all patients with regard to feline retroviruses should be known, which ends up not occurring due to financial reasons of the client or the non-referral of the test by the veterinarian. In practice, it is observed that FIV and FeLV positive cats are vaccinated with attenuated vaccines, without showing any clinical signs of immunosuppression or side effects. This work reviews cat vaccination against these retroviruses

Pênfigo foliáceo em um gato de oito meses de idade: possível reação cutânea adversa a fármacos?

Background: Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune skin disease whose the occurrence in feline clinic is uncommom. The etiology is unknown in most cases. Althought it is a rare condition in cats, pemphigus foliaceus can be induced by drugs. It may affect both adult and old cats with no sexual or racial predilection and diagnosis is based on animal historical, clinical examination and skin histopathology. Moreover, the treatment consists in immunosuppressive-based drugs. This paper describes a pemphigus foliaceus case in an eight-month-old kitten, probably due a cutaneous adverse drug reaction.Case: A 8-month-old, neutered male mongrel cat with crusted lesions located on face was examinated at the Veterinary Hospital. The owners reported that they had adopted the patient two months before the clinical presentation suggesting that this background was unknown. The cat was treated in a local veterinary clinic with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory for rhinotracheitis and herpetic dermatitis on face due to the occurrence of sneezing and crusted pruriginous dermatitis. The kitten presented erosions, purulent exudation and crusts on pinnae, nasal and supra ocular areas, paronychia with purulent exudate and alopecia at distal portion of the tail. Supplementary exams such as skin scraping, cytology and fungal culture were performed to rule out other agents and confirm the diagnosis. The parasitological and fungal examination resulted negative despite the fact that cytological exam showed coccoid bacteria. Complete blood count and biochemical profile showed no alteration and the test for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) resulted negative. Histological changes were consistent with intra-epidermal pustular subcorneal with acantholysis dermatitis. An immunosuppressive dose of prednisolona was prescribed for 15 days. After this time, the crusted lesions were substituted by alopecia areas. Every 20 days the corticosteroid dose was reduced by half and after 90 days, the patient showed repilation in all regions previously affected during 545 days whithout treatment.Discussion: Pemphigus foliaceus is usually an idiopathic disease but in some cases it may be induced by drugs and infectious or parasitic agents. Previous reports described that animals younger than 1 year-old and older than 17 year-old can be affected. However, the disease occurrence is rare in young cats. The age of onset of symptoms was early considering that the literature describes 5 years of age as an average for the starting of the disease. Pemphigus foliaceus is considered a pustular disease. However, pustule is rarely reported in cats in contrast with crusted lesions which are the most common clinical sign. The body regions affected were the same as reported in the literature with the addition of systemic signs as anorexia and lethargy. Fungal culture and parasitological examination should always be performed in cats with clinical evidence to discharge other agents. Diagnosis is made by skin histopathology in which acantholytic cells are the main characteristic. The importance of the differential diagnosis and skin biopsy regardless of age enabled the diagnosis and therapeutic success. It is suggested that Pemphigus foliaceus was of pharmacodermic etiology because of the age of the patient, a history of administration of unknown antimicrobial medication and the lack of recurrence of clinical manifestations after 545 days of the end of glucocorticoid treatmen

Ureterocolonic Anastomosis in a Dog with Transitional Cell Carcinoma in the Vesical Trigone

Background: Primary bladder tumors are rare in dogs, in spite of that, the transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the malignant tumor that most affects dogs. The TCC usually begins in the vesical trigone and extends into the bladder, and may cause partial or complete obstruction of the urinary flow. The treatment with cystectomy and urinary diversion in veterinary medicine is not usual probably because the partial cystectomy has low success and ureterocolonic anastomosis can cause pyelonephritis and/ or urinary incontinence. This paper describes the cystectomy surgery and ureterocolonic anastomosis in a dog with TCC in the bladder and bilateral hydronephrosis. Case: A 8-year-old, male, not castrated, Pitbull was referred to the Veterinary Clinic Hospital - UFRGS. The patient had progressive weight loss, low appetite, dysuria, and hematuria. Abdominal ultrasound showed bilaterally hydronephrosis, kidney pelvis and ureter dilatation. The mesogastric region presented a mass measuring about 14 cm. An exploratory laparotomy was request by the responsible veterinarian. A mass, measuring about 20 cm was observed in the spleen and a splenectomy was requested. An increased of the kidney’s volume and an expansion of the renal pelvis and ureter were observed. The bladder wall had thickened and presented a firm consistency, an ureterocolonic anastomosis was requested by the responsible veterinarian. Total cystectomy was performed in a second surgical procedure. Six days after the second surgery the patient condition got worse. The dog presented abdominal pain signals and pale mucous membranes. The hematological and biochemistry analysis findings were, severe anemia, and elevated serum creatinine (6.12 mg/dL) and urea (263 mg/dL) levels. Based on severity of clinical signs and unfavorable prognosis the owners elected for euthanasia. Necropsy revealed a viscous material into the left ureter and in left renal pelvis, and papillary necrosis in the right kidney. The histologic assessment revealed tumor cells in regional lymph nodes and lungs. Discussion: The urinary diversion when consist of total cystectomy and ureteral transplantation to the gastrointestinal tract can be considered a therapeutic option in cases where the trigone is affected. In this study an ureterocolonic anastomosis was requested due to bilateral ureteral obstruction caused by TCC involving the trigone. Neurological and gastrointestinal signs, elevated serum creatinine levels and pyelonephritis may occur after surgery. Neurological signs were not observed. The dog, in the present case report, had already azotemia in pre-surgical examinations, probably caused by bilateral ureteral obstruction. One of the reasons for the increase in postoperative serum creatinine levels is chronic renal failure caused by ascending infection or post-renal obstruction. Another reason could also be reabsorption of the metabolite through the colon. Necropsy findings were ascending infection and pyelonephritis. Dilation of ureter at the time of surgery may have predisposed to the ascending infection. In previous studies aggressive surgical therapy did not result in a significant increase in survival time in dogs when compared to chemotherapy. Most dogs presented metastases, observed most frequently in lymph nodes and lungs. In this report the surgery was performed in an attempt to improve kidney function and life quality of the patient during hospitalization. The prognosis was considered unfavorable because of the advanced stage of the disease and kidney failure. The absence of an early diagnosis and inability to start early chemotherapy may result in a reduced in the survival time of these patients. Keywords: vesical neoplasm, hydronephrosis, urinary diversion, dogs

La correspondencia de Valencia : diario de noticias : eco imparcial de la opinión y de la prensa: Año XXXIV Número 11402 - 1911 Marzo 04

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 200

Aelurostrongilose em gatos

As doenças broncoalveolares associadas a verminoses pulmonares em gatos são citadas como comuns, porém são pouco diagnosticadas na rotina clínica. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus é um nematódeo heteroxeno que causa infecção broncopulmonar em gatos domésticos. Os parasitos adultos residem no interior dos bronquíolos, no parênquima pulmonar e nos alvéolos. A sintomatologia inclui tosse de baixa intensidade, sibilos pulmonares graves e angústia respiratória. Dessa forma, a sintomatologia dessa verminose é semelhante à bronquite felina. Assim como a bronquite felina, as verminoses pulmonares também cursam com resposta favorável à terapêutica sintomática e anti-inflamatória, logo o diagnóstico terapêutico não deve ser utilizado, pois mascarará os sinais de inflamação, porém a causa primária não estará sendo tratada. São utilizados para o diagnóstico, exames complementares de triagem como radiografia de tórax e hemograma; além destes, exames mais específicos como o parasitológico de fezes para identificação de larvas de primeiro estágio de A. abstrusus, reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) estão disponíveis na rotina clínica. Existem diversos protocolos terapêuticos descritos com o uso de fármacos anti-helmínticos, como fembendazol, moxidectina, ivermectina e selamectina. Em pacientes sintomáticos o uso de corticosteroides e broncodilatadores se faz necessário. O prognóstico é bom quando os pacientes são tratados, porém o ideal é que haja um acompanhamento diário da resposta terapêutica durante o tratamento através de exames de fezes. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o parasito A. abstrusus, mais comum na nossa região do país como causador de verminose pulmonar em gatos, abrangendo sintomatologia clínica, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico dos pacientes acometidos por esta afecção.Bronchoalveolar diseases associated with pulmonary worms in cats are cited as common, but are rarely diagnosed in clinical routine. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is a heteroxene nematode that causes bronchopulmonary infection in domestic cats. Adult parasites reside within the bronchioles, lung parenchyma, and alveoli. Symptoms include low-intensity cough, severe pulmonary wheezing, and respiratory distress. Thus, the symptomatology of this vermin is similar to feline bronchitis. Like feline bronchitis, pulmonary worms also have a favorable response to symptomatic and anti-inflammatory therapy, so the therapeutic diagnosis should not be used, as it will mask the signs of inflammation, but the primary cause will not be treated. Complementary screening tests such as chest radiography and blood count are used for diagnosis; In addition, more specific tests such as fecal parasitology for the identification of A. abstrusus first stage larvae, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are available in the clinical routine. There are several therapeutic protocols described with the use of anthelmintic drugs such as fenbendazole, moxidectin, ivermectin and selamectin. In symptomatic patients the use of corticosteroids and bronchodilators is necessary. The prognosis is good when patients are treated, but ideally there is a daily monitoring of the therapeutic response during treatment through stool tests. The aim of this study was to perform a literature review on the parasite A. abstrusus, more common in our region of the country as a cause of pulmonary worms in cats, covering clinical symptomatology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients with this disease

Seleção pelo teste do BCB de oócitos imaturos bovinos competentes

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Seleção pelo teste do BCB de oócitos imaturos bovinos competentes

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