Comparative cytogenetic analysis between Lonchorhina aurita and Trachops cirrhosus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)

Phyllostomidae comprises the most diverse family of neotropical bats, its wide range of morphological features leading to uncertainty regarding phylogenetic relationships. Seeing that cytogenetics is one of the fields capable of providing support for currently adopted classifications through the use of several markers, a comparative analysis between two Phyllostomidae species was undertaken in the present study, with a view to supplying datasets for the further establishment of Phyllostomidae evolutionary relationships. Karyotypes of Lonchorhina aurita (2n = 32; FN = 60) and Trachops cirrhosus (2n = 30; FN = 56) were analyzed by G- and C-banding, silver nitrate staining (Ag-NOR) and base-specific fluorochromes. Chromosomal data obtained for both species are in agreement with those previously described, except for X chromosome morphology in T. cirrhosus, hence indicating chromosomal geographical variation in this species. A comparison of G-banding permitted the identification of homeologies in nearly all the chromosomes. Furthermore, C-banding and Ag-NOR patterns were comparable to what has already been observed in the family. In both species CMA3 /DA/DAPI staining revealed an R-banding-like pattern with CMA 3 , whereas DAPI showed uniform staining in all the chromosomes. Fluorochrome staining patterns for pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin (CH) regions, as well as for nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), indicated heterogeneity regarding these sequences among Phyllostomidae species

Phylogenetic relationships of the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus): First appraisal of taxonomy based on molecular evidence

Background: Titi monkeys, Callicebus, comprise the most species-rich primate genus-34 species are currently recognised, five of them described since 2005. The lack of molecular data for titi monkeys has meant that little is known of their phylogenetic relationships and divergence times. To clarify their evolutionary history, we assembled a large molecular dataset by sequencing 20 nuclear and two mitochondrial loci for 15 species, including representatives from all recognised species groups. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using concatenated maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, allowing us to evaluate the current taxonomic hypothesis for the genus. Results: Our results show four distinct Callicebus clades, for the most part concordant with the currently recognised morphological species-groups-the torquatus group, the personatus group, the donacophilus group, and the moloch group. The cupreus and moloch groups are not monophyletic, and all species of the formerly recognized cupreus group are reassigned to the moloch group. Two of the major divergence events are dated to the Miocene. The torquatus group, the oldest radiation, diverged c. 11 Ma; and the Atlantic forest personatus group split from the ancestor of all donacophilus and moloch species at 9-8 Ma. There is little molecular evidence for the separation of Callicebus caligatus and C. dubius, and we suggest that C. dubius should be considered a junior synonym of a polymorphic C. caligatus. Conclusions: Considering molecular, morphological and biogeographic evidence, we propose a new genus level taxonomy for titi monkeys: Cheracebus n. gen. in the Orinoco, Negro and upper Amazon basins (torquatus group), Callicebus Thomas, 1903, in the Atlantic Forest (personatus group), and Plecturocebus n. gen. in the Amazon basin and Chaco region (donacophilus and moloch groups). © 2016 Byrne et al

Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)

Compared to the higher fungi (Dikarya), taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number. Thus, the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known. Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information. It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines. Recently, Tedersoo et al. (MycoKeys 13:1--20, 2016) accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade. Thus, we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi. We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz. Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Thus, 611 genera in 153 families, 43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification, synonyms, life modes, distribution, recent literature and genomic data. Moreover, Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved, Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr. is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced

H3PO4/Al2O3 catalysts: characterization and catalytic evaluation of oleic acid conversion to biofuels and biolubricant

Al2O3 and H3PO4/Al2O3 catalysts were investigated in the conversion of oleic acid to biofuels and biolubricant at 1 atm and at 623 K. The catalytic tests were performed in a fixed bed and continuous flow reactor, using an oleic acid-catalyst ratio of 4 and N2 as the carrier gas. The reaction products were analyzed by gas chromatography and acidity measurements. N2 adsorption-desorption, X ray diffraction, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and FT-IR spectroscopy were also employed to evaluate the textural, structural and acidic properties of the catalysts. The results showed that phosphoric acid impregnation improved the alumina decarboxylation activities, generating hydrocarbons in the range of gasoline, diesel oil and lubricant oil. The best catalytic performance was achieved with the highest surface area alumina impregnated with H3PO4, which was the solid that allied high total acidity with a large quantity of mesopores

O processo histórico do trabalho de enfermagem no município de Cuiabá - Mato Grosso El proceso histórico del trabajo de la enfermería en el distrito municipal de Cuiabá-MT The historical process of the nursing work in the city of Cuiabá - Mato Grosso

O estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa histórica, cujo objetivo foi historicizar a singularidade do processo de trabalho de enfermagem no município de Cuiabá/MT. Os dados foram coletados a partir de fontes primárias e secundárias. Pelos dados analisados a enfermagem surgiu com o atendimento e cuidados aos enfermos, prestados por pessoas voluntárias, negros e escravos. A primeira instituição criada foi a Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Cuiabá. A assistência de enfermagem era prestada por religiosas, leigos e escravos, calcados na abnegação, acolhimento e apadrinhamento. Sucessivos eventos importantes como a implantação da ABEn/MT, o Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem e o COREN/MT marcaram a trajetória do trabalho de enfermagem, os quais, estiveram vinculados ao empresariamento na área da saúde no contexto estudado.<br>El estudio se trata de una investigación histórica, cuyo objetivo fue hablar de la historia de la singularidad del proceso de trabajo de enfermería en el municipio de Cuiabá/MT. Los datos se colectaron a partir de fuentes primarias y secundarias. Por los datos analizados la enfermería surgió con la atención y cuidados a los enfermos, prestados por personas voluntarias, negros y esclavos. La primera institución creada fue la Santa Casa de Misericordia de Cuiabá. La asistencia de enfermería era prestada por religiosas, laicos y esclavos, calcados en la abnegación, acogida y apadrinamiento. Sucesivos eventos importantes como la implantación de la ABEn/MT, el Curso de Graduación en Enfermería y el COREN/MT marcaron la trayectoria del trabajo de enfermería, los cuales, estuvieron vinculados al empresariamiento en el área de la salud en el contexto estudiado.<br>The study is a historical research whose aim was to historicize the singularity of the nursing work process in the city of Cuiabá/MT. The data were collected from primary and secondary sources. According to the analyzed data, nursing appeared with the attention and care for the sick, and volunteers, blacks and slaves were the ones who performed it. The first created institution was the Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Cuiabá. The religious, lay people and slaves performed nursing assistance on the basis of abnegation, friendliness, and godfathering. Successive important events such as the implementation of ABEn/MT, the Undergraduate Course in Nursing, and COREN/MT have marked the course of the nursing work, the three of which were linked to the business community in the health sector in the studied context