Shaping the Grammar of Security.

In Australia, practices of preemptive deterrence construct the political identity of asylum seekers as the ‘illegal other’, and as a threat to national security and to national identity. At the core of the state's illegality regimes lies the endorsement of exclusionary norms through the grammar of security. Who is responsible for the endorsement of these norms and how do they (re)produce illegality regimes? How are securitization moves legitimized and sustained through illegality regimes? How may they be resisted? A case study of Sweden illustrates how the securitization discourses mobilizing illegality regimes may be resisted through norm circles in the political sphere that endorse norms of egalitarianism, justice and equality. This paper focuses on the ‘critical realism’ associated with the works of Dave Elder-Vass and Roy Bhaskar. Elder-Vass draws on the philosophy of Roy Bhaskar to examine the ontology of language, discourse, culture and knowledge and their contribute to the construction of social reality, thus synthesizing aspects of realism and constructionism. Roy Bhaskar’s philosophy of the social sciences has aimed to crystallize a transcendental realist framework incorporating a form of critical naturalism and also critical hermeneutics

More pieces of the puzzle: Chemistry and substructures in the Galactic thick disk

We present a study of the chemical abundances of Solar neighbourhood stars associated to dynamical structures in the Milky Way's (thick) disk. These stars were identified as overdensity in the eccentricity range 0.3< ecc < 0.5 in the Copenhagen-Geneva Survey by Helmi et al. (2006). We find that the stars with these dynamical characteristics do not constitute a homogeneous population. A relatively sharp transition in dynamical and chemical properties appears to occur at a metallicity of [Fe/H] ~ -0.4. Stars with [Fe/H] > -0.4 have mostly lower eccentricities, smaller vertical velocity dispersions, are alpha-enhanced and define a rather narrow sequence in [alpha/Fe] vs [Fe/H], clearly distinct from that of the thin disk. Stars with [Fe/H] < -0.4 have a range of eccentricities, are hotter vertically, and depict a larger spread in [alpha/Fe]. We have also found tentative evidence of substructure possibly associated to the disruption of a metal-rich star cluster. The differences between these populations of stars is also present in e.g. [Zn/Fe], [Ni/Fe] and [SmII/Fe], suggesting a real physical distinction.Comment: Astrophysical Journal in press. 5 pages, 4 figure

PROGRAMA DE GESTAO DA QUALIDADE TOTAL

Esse estudo tem como objeto de estudo o Programa de Gestão da Qualidade Total implantado pela Universidade Estadual Julio de Mesquita Filho, Unesp. O principal objetivo do trabalho foi o de analidar esse programa, à luz de dois aspectos centrais que são : 1) O caráter da gestão pública no Brasil; 2) O papel da Universidade enquanto instituição social. A metodologia de estudo utilizada foi a análise da documentação relacionada ao Programa implantado e um estudo bibliográfico a respeito das características das instituições públicas no Brasil e a universidade nesse contexto. As principais conclusões foram no sentido de apontar os alcances e limites de teorias dessa natureza em insituições de caráter público e em especial em instituições como a universidade

Validated Screening Tools for Common Mental Disorders in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: A wide range of screening tools are available to detect common mental disorders (CMDs), but few have been specifically developed for populations in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Cross-cultural application of a screening tool requires that its validity be assessed against a gold standard diagnostic interview. Validation studies of brief CMD screening tools have been conducted in several LMIC, but until now there has been no review of screening tools for all CMDs across all LMIC populations. METHODS: A systematic review with broad inclusion criteria was conducted, producing a comprehensive summary of brief CMD screening tools validated for use in LMIC populations. For each validation, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was calculated as an easily comparable measure of screening tool validity. Average DOR results weighted by sample size were calculated for each screening tool, enabling us to make broad recommendations about best performing screening tools. RESULTS: 153 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Because many studies validated two or more screening tools, this corresponded to 273 separate validations against gold standard diagnostic criteria. We found that the validity of every screening tool tested in multiple settings and populations varied between studies, highlighting the importance of local validation. Many of the best performing tools were purposely developed for a specific population; however, as these tools have only been validated in one study, it is not possible to draw broader conclusions about their applicability in other contexts. CONCLUSIONS: Of the tools that have been validated in multiple settings, the authors broadly recommend using the SRQ-20 to screen for general CMDs, the GHQ-12 for CMDs in populations with physical illness, the HADS-D for depressive disorders, the PHQ-9 for depressive disorders in populations with good literacy levels, the EPDS for perinatal depressive disorders, and the HADS-A for anxiety disorders. We recommend that, wherever possible, a chosen screening tool should be validated against a gold standard diagnostic assessment in the specific context in which it will be employed

Context and composition? : social capital and maternal mental health in low income countries

Background and rationale Women and the poor are disproportionately affected by common mental disorders (CMD), yet few studies have explored their aetiology in low income countries. Social capital may explain some of the geographical variation in CMD. A systematic review shows that only one study has examined the association between individual social capital and CMD in low income countries. No study has explored the effect of ecological social capital on CMD in this setting. The objective of this thesis is to explore the relationship between individual and ecological measures of social capital and maternal CMD in four low income countries. Methods Cross-sectional data from the Young Lives (YL) project with information across 234 communities in Peru, Ethiopia, Vietnam and Andhra Pradesh (India) were used. The mental health of caregivers of one-year-old children, and the individual social capital of all caregivers was assessed. Ecological social capital was calculated by aggregating individual responses to the community level. Mothers of one year old children were selected for analysis (n=6909). Multi-level modelling was used to explore the association between individual and ecological social capital in each of the four countries, adjusting for a wide range of individual and community level confounders. Psychometric techniques and qualitative interviews were used in Peru to validate the tool used by YL to measure social capital. Results of these interviews were supplemented with a literature review to explore the nature of social capital in Peru, and analyses were conducted to explore the determinants of social capital. The results of these analyses were used to help interpret the results of a further analysis of the Peruvian data. Results The comparative analysis of social capital and CMD across the four countries shows that combined measures of individual cognitive social capital are associated with reduced odds of CMD. The results for structural social capital are more mixed and culturally specific, with some aspects associated with increased odds of CMD. The 3 validation of the tool to measure social capital in Peru emphasises the difficulties of measuring complex concepts in different cultural settings, and illustrates the culturally specific nature of social capital. The description and analysis of social capital in Peru show it to be multi-dimensional and complex and suggest that social capital may have different effects on CMD in different sub-groups. Conclusions and implications Contextual and compositional factors are inter-related and are both associated with CMD. Structural social capital has context-specific effects and cognitive social capital more universal effects on CMD. Social capital may have different effects in different sub-groups, with potentially damaging effects in some disadvantaged groups. While social capital is important for mental health, its complex and context-specific nature means that it is impractical to use it as an intervention to prevent or treat CMD. Instead, its value is as a tool for understanding the social context in which the complex relationship between an individual's own characteristics and those of their environment is played out.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

PERFIL DA DIRETORIA ACADÊMICA, O ADMINISTRATIVO E O PEDAGÓGICO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM DUAS UNIVERSIDADES ESTADUAIS PAULISTAS;

A pesquisa “O Perfil da Diretoria Acadêmica, o administrativo e o pedagógico: um estudo de caso em duas Universidades Estaduais Paulistas” é um estudo de caso comparativo que envolve uma análise da atividade desempenhada pela Área Acadêmica da Administração Universitária Pública Paulista, dando enfoque a uma Unidade da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), a Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” e a uma Unidade da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), o Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, com a finalidade de identificar como a função de Diretor Acadêmico vem sendo desempenhada por docente e por funcionário, o quanto dessa atividade é de natureza acadêmica e o quanto é de natureza administrativa ou ambos. Assim, este trabalho trata a questão da burocracia e seu relacionamento com a universidade brasileira, além de identificar a estrutura administrativa adotada nas duas universidades públicas paulistas, analisando as teorias de administração que dão suporte aos métodos de gestão que adotam. Trata-se de uma pesquisa empírica, contando com: análise documental, pesquisa bibliográfica e trabalho de campo. Para análise do material coletado, usou-se como referência as técnicas de análise de conteúdo, preconizadas por Laurence BARDIN (1977)

O uso do blog como estratégia de educação continuada em enfermagem: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Objective: To identify scientific papers on the use of blogs by nurses as a tool for continuing education. Method: This integrative literature review of full-text articles, the formulated research question was: “What is known about the use of blogs by nurses as educational technology?”Results: Databases, such as CINAHL, IBECS, Web of Science, were searched. Eight articles were selected after using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusions: It was stated that the use of blogs as a strategy for continuing nursing education has innovative potential and creates an accessible space for information, reflection and collaboration among users, allowing best practices to be spread and professional performance optimization.Objetivo: Identificar la producción científica sobre la utilización de blogs por enfermeros como herramienta para la formación continua. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora de literatura de artículos completos, orientada hacia la cuestión de la investigación: “Qué se sabe sobre la utilización de blogs por enfermeros como tecnología educacional”? Resultados: Se realizaron búsquedas on line en las bases de datos CINAHL, IBECS, Web of Science. Después de aplicados criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron nueve artículos para el análisis. Conclusiones: La utilización de los blogs como estrategia de formación continua en enfermería tiene potencial innovador y abre un espacio para la información, reflexión y colaboración entre los usuarios, diseminando buenas prácticas y optimizando el desempeño profesional.Objetivo: Identificar a produção científica acerca da utilização de blogs por enfermeiros como ferramenta para educação continuada. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura de artigos completos, norteada pela questão de pesquisa: “O que se sabe sobre a utilização de blogs por enfermeiros como tecnologia educacional?”.Resultados: Foi realizada busca online nas bases de dados CINAHL, IBECS e Web of Science. Após serem aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados para análise nove artigos.Conclusões: A utilização do blog como estratégia de educação continuada em enfermagem possui potencial inovador e abre um espaço para a informação, reflexão e colaboração entre os usuários, disseminando boas práticas e melhorando o desempenho profissional

Professional Education in Contemporary Brazilian Society: Public Policies and Pronatec Cup Program Analysis

AbstractThis research is result of contemporary public policies's analisys implemented under the Brazilian society, related to vocational education, conducted of the current educational context in Brazil by surveying projects that provide vocational education, highlighting the initiative at the Program “Pronatec Cup”, which aims to train workers to meet the needs of skilled manpower for the FIFA World Cup Brazil 2014. The methodology used is the critical analysis of theoretical frameworks that address the topic of this research, discussing possibilities of contribution or not of this program to improve the living conditions and stay in the labor market for their participants

Evolution of nest architecture in tyrant flycatchers and allies

This study was funded by Princeton University, a Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering (to M.C.S.), AFOSR FA9550-20-1-0161 (to M.C.S.), Eric and Wendy Schmidt by recommendation of the Schmidt Futures Polymaths program (to M.C.S.), and European Research Council Advanced Grant 788203. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Karina Vanadzina for sharing unpublished life-history data and Maria Camila León for providing original artwork. Maria E. Mendiwelso Moreno helped to gather information from the literature for some species and Gates Dupont provided insights about statistical analysis in the earliest stages of the project. Mark Mainwaring and two reviewers provided very insightful comments that have improved our manuscript. Photographs were obtained with permission from Daniel Field, Daniel Perrella, John and Milena Beer, Gustavo Londoño and Juan Felipe León. We are indebted to the many field biologists who described the nests of Tyrannida species.Peer reviewedPublisher PD