A study about meaningful learning evidences in experimental activities focused on the scientific modeling process in middle school

Investigar os resultados da implementação de atividades experimentais que envolvem estudantes de Educação Básica ativamente na tomada de decisão sobre o delineamento de experimentos, passando pela coleta e análise de dados até a construção de conclusões baseadas em evidências, é o foco do presente trabalho. Adaptando a metodologia de Episódios de Modelagem, já utilizada no Ensino Superior, para o Ensino Básico, implementamos duas atividades em uma turma de Ensino Médio: uma sobre pêndulos e outra sobre geração de energia elétrica. Especificamente, buscamos indícios de aprendizagem significativa, entendida na acepção de David Ausubel, quando grupos de alunos realizam atividades focadas no processo de modelagem científica. Respondemos a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como a modelagem científica pode propiciar melhores condições para a ocorrência da aprendizagem significativa de conhecimentos científicos durante a realização de atividades experimentais na Educação Básica? Encontramos indícios de que, dos cinco grupos de alunos investigados, quatro demonstraram evidências de aprendizagem significativa.Investigate the results of the implementation of experimental activities which actively involve Primary Education students in the decision making about the outlining of experiments, ranging from data analysis and collection, to the construction of evidence based conclusions is the focus of the present paper. Adapting the methodology of Modeling Episodes, already used in Higher Education, to Primary Education, we implemented two activities in a High School Class: one about pendulums and another about electric energy. Specifically, we sought indications of meaningful learning, as defined by David Ausubel, when groups of students do activities focused on the process of scientific modeling. We answered the following research question: How can scientific modeling provide better conditions for the occurrence of meaningful learning of scientific knowledge during experimental activities in Primary Education? We have found evidence that, of the five investigated student groups, four have demonstrated evidence of meaningful learning

ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS HISTOPATOLÓGICOS REGISTRADOS NOS LAUDOS NECROSCÓPICOS DO SVO DO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS, 2012-2016

RESUMOO estudo teve como objetivo analisar, nos laudos necroscópicos do Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos do Estado do Tocantins (SVO- TO), os registros de amostras biológicas coletadas para exame histopatológico e os registros de autólises nos resultados histopatológicos e correlacioná-los com os registros de causas de mortalidade e de morbidade. Trata-se de um estudo analítico observacional transversal realizado em 494 laudos de necropsia concluídos e arquivados no SVO-TO entre 2012 e 2016. Dos laudos necroscópicos foram extraídos e identificados registros sobre número de amostras biológicas coletadas para histopatologia, número de autólises, número de causas de mortalidade e número de causas de morbidade. Para a análise da relação entre as variáveis, empregou-se a estatística descritiva e analítica em software SAS SYSTEM. A média de registros sobre causas de mortalidade foi de 5.72 ± 2.42 (C.V. 42.32%), causas de morbidade: 0.2 ± 0.5 (C.V. 251.46%), número de amostras biológicas coletadas: 2.66 ± 1.13 (C.V. 42.59%), número de autólise: 1.74 ± 1.05 (C.V. 60.06%). A autólise apresenta significância em relação ao número de registros de causas de mortalidade e de morbidade. A quantidade de amostras biológicas coletadas por necropsia impacta positivamente a quantidade de causas de mortalidade e morbidade, mormente no número de autólises. Coletar mais do que sete amostras teciduais por necropsia não impacta a quantidade de causas de mortalidade e de morbidade. Contudo os baixos números de registros de autólise sugerem eficácia na coleta de amostras biológicas no SVO-TO.ABSTRACTThe study analyzed the necroscopic reports of the Death Verification Service of the State of Tocantins (SVO-TO), the records of biological samples collected for histopathological examination, and the records of autolysis in histopathological results to correlate them with the records of causes of mortality and morbidity. We conducted a cross-sectional observational analytical study in 494 autopsy reports completed and filed in the SVO-TO between 2012 and 2016. From the necroscopic reports, records were extracted and identified about the number of biological samples collected for histopathology, number of autolysis, number of causes of mortality, and number of causes of morbidity. The analysis of the relationship between the variables used descriptive and analytical statistics in the SAS SYSTEM software. The average number of records on causes of mortality was 5.72 ± 2.42 (C.V. 42.32%), causes of morbidity: 0.2 ± 0.5 (C.V. 251.46%), number of biological samples collected: 2.66 ± 1.13 (C.V. 42.59%), number of autolysis: 1.74 ± 1.05 (C.V. 60.06%). Autolysis showed a significant relationship with the number of records of causes of mortality and morbidity. The number of biological samples collected by necropsy positively impacts the number of causes of mortality and morbidity, especially in autolysis. The collection of more than seven tissue samples by necropsy does not affect the number of causes of mortality and morbidity. However, the small number of autolysis records suggests efficacy in the collection of biological samples in SVO-TO

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora