Concentração de metais em um solo adubado com água residuária da bovinocultura de leite

Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do uso da água residuária da bovinocultura de leite (ARB) na concentração de metais em um argissolo cultivado com figueira (Ficus carica L.). O trabalho foi desenvolvido na área do Sistema Integrado de Produção Agroecológica, no município de Seropédica, RJ. O nitrogênio foi tomado como nutriente de referência na adubação da figueira com aplicação da ARB. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros do solo: Zn, Cu, Fe e Mn disponíveis. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas utilizando- se o teste de Tukey a 10% de significância. No que se refere aos teores de metais, observou-se que o uso da água residuária de bovinocultura na adubação da figueira foi capaz de reduzir a concentração dos elementos Zn, Cu, Fe e Mn que a princípio apresentavam-se em concentrações elevadas no solo, indicando níveis tóxicos. Ressalta-se que a matéria orgânica incorporada ao solo pode ter atuado na quelação e complexação, formado precipitados de baixa mobilidade dos micronutrientes Zn, Cu, Fe e Mn.In this work aimed to evaluate the effects of the use of wastewater from dairy cattle in the concentration of metals in a cultivated ultisol with fig (Ficus carica L.). The work was developed in the area of the Integrated Agroecological Production in the municipality of Seropédica, RJ. The nitrogen was used as a reference element in fertilization of the fig tree with application of wastewater from dairy cattle. We evaluated the following parameters of the soil Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn availables. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared using the Tukey test at 10% probability. Regarding the content of metal, it was observed that the use of wastewater of cattle in the fig tree fertilization was able to reduce the concentration of Zn elements Cu, Fe and Mn that were in high concentrations in the soil indicating toxic levels. Also noteworthy that the organic matter incorporated into the soil may have acted in thechelation and complexation, forming precipitates of low mobility of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn

Efeitos do relevo na estimativa da transpiração real do eucalipto

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the relief in the estimation of transpiration real of eucalyptus plantation. Specifically, we intend to verify the effect in estimated transpiration by real spatial method with estimatida method punctual. Water balance components were monitored in a micro watershed located in the Eastern region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Transpiration was estimated real timely and spatially and in time scale for the useful layer of soil and validated with data measured in the field. When comparing the averages of the spatial variation of transpiration real spatial method with that obtained by the method punctual, it was observed that in the two years analyzed, the months in which there was availability or soil water storage for eucalyptus, transpiration by the spatial method was on average 25% higher than the punctual. Already in the months that the availability of soil water was lower, perspiration space was on average 14% less than punctual. The method of estimating of transpiration real considering the effects of topography, proved more than adequate without considering it. If there is water availability in the soil for plant, features of relief can considerably influence the transpiration rates. Eucalyptus forests proved a good regulator of the flow of water in watersheds.Pages: 2740-274

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data