2,060 research outputs found
Use of data mining techniques to explain the primary factors influencing water sensitivity of asphalt mixtures
The water sensitivity of asphalt mixtures affects the durability of the pavements, and it depends on several parameters related to its composition (aggregates and binder) and the production and application processes. One of the main parameters used in the European Standards to measure the water sensitivity of asphalt mixtures is the indirect tensile strength ratio (ITSR). Therefore, this work aims to obtain a predictive model of ITSR of asphalt mixtures using several parameters that affect water sensitivity and assess their relative importance. The database used to develop the model comprises thirteen parameters collected from one hundred sixty different asphalt mixtures. Data Mining techniques were applied to process the data using Multiple Regression, Artificial Neural Networks, and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The different metrics analysed showed that SVM is the best predictive model of the ITSR (mean absolute deviation of 0.116, root mean square error of 0.150 and Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.667). The application of a sensitivity analysis indicates that the binder content is the parameter that most influences the water sensitivity of asphalt mixtures (26%). However, this property depends simultaneously on other factors such as the characteristics of the coarse and fine aggregates (24.9%), asphalt binder characteristics (19.3%) and the use of additives (10%).Acknowledgements This work was partly financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) under the R & D Unit Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE) , under reference UIDB/04029/2020
Surface rehabilitation of Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements using single or double surface dressings with soft bitumen, conventional or modified emulsions
Surface dressings are a sustainable maintenance alternative for pavements with surface distresses, due to
the low amount of resources involved. This paper aims to analyze the viability of using twelve different
surface dressing solutions, including three binders (conventional and modified emulsions, and a soft
160/220 bitumen) and a covering with diluted emulsion, for surface treatment of Portland cement concrete
(PCC) pavements. Several test methods were used to evaluate the macrotexture, skid resistance,
adhesion, and resistance to wearing on a large scale prototype. In general, single surface dressings
increased further the macrotexture of the concrete pavement surface. The skid resistance of single and
double surface dressings was similar. The best surface dressing in the pull-off test was that with the
160/220 bitumen. The conventional and modified emulsions presented similar mechanical adhesion in
the Vialit plate test. Concerning the prototype wearing test, the best result was obtained for the double
surface dressing with bitumen covered with diluted emulsion. Based on this work’s results, the surface
dressings are a potential surface rehabilitation alternative for concrete pavements.This work was partially financed by FCT / MCTES through
national funds (PIDDAC) under the R&D Unit Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), under reference UIDB/04029/2020. This work is financed by national funds
through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, under grant
agreement SFRH/BD/137421/2018 attributed to the 1st author
Estimation of energy consumption on the tire-pavement interaction for asphalt mixtures with different surface properties using data mining techniques
The energy or fuel consumption of the millions of vehicles that daily operate in road pavements has a significant economic and environmental impact on the use phase of road infrastructures regarding their life cycle analysis. Therefore, new solutions should be studied to reduce the vehicles energy consumption, namely due to the tire-pavement interaction, and contribute towards the sustainable development. This study aims at estimating the energy consumption due to the rolling resistance of tires moving over pavements with distinct surface characteristics. Thus, different types of asphalt mixtures were used in the surface course to determine the main parameters influencing the energy consumption. A laboratory scale prototype was developed explicitly for this evaluation. Data mining techniques were used to analyze the experimental results due to the complex correlation between the data collected during the tests, providing meaningful results. In particular, the artificial neural network allowed to obtain models with excellent capacity to estimate energy consumption. A sensitive analysis was carried out with a five input parameter model, which showed that the main parameters controlling the energy consumption are the vehicle speed and the mean texture depth.ERDF funds, through the Competitivity Factors Operational Programme – COMPETE, and by national funds, through FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology, within the scope of the Strategic Project UID/ECI/04047/2013 and the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007633info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Biosorption of hexavalent chromium based on modified Y zeolites obtained by alkali-treatment
The structural modification of external surface of NaY was investigated in order to enhance efficient biosorption systems
consisting of a bacterial biofilm, Arthrobacter viscosus, supported on that zeolite, for removing hexavalent chromium from
aqueous solutions. The supported bacterial biofilm reduces Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and this cation is then retained in the zeolite by ion
exchange. NaY zeolite was modified by alkali-treatments using NaOH 2.0 M, with two different contact periods of time between
the zeolite and the alkaline solutions, resulting in NaYA and in NaYB. The biosorbents supported on the modified NaY zeolite
were tested in solutions with low concentration of chromium. The results showed that the modification of external surface of NaY
zeolite allows an efficient Cr removal, and the maximum removal efficiency was observed for NaYA sample that was submitted to
a smoother chemical treatment.The authors acknowledge to Dr. A.S. Azevedo for collecting the powder diffraction data and Dr. C Ribeiro, from Departamento de Ciencias da Terra of Universidade do Minho, for chemical analyses. This work was supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT-Portugal), under program POCTI-SFA-3-686. H.F. and B.S. gratefully acknowledge FCT-Portugal for the PhD grants
A Historical Perspective of Bladderworts (Utricularia): Traps, Carnivory and Body Architecture
The genus Utricularia includes around 250 species of carnivorous plants, commonly known as bladderworts. The generic name Utricularia was coined by Carolus Linnaeus in reference to the carnivorous organs (Utriculus in Latin) present in all species of the genus. Since the formal proposition by Linnaeus, many species of Utricularia were described, but only scarce information about the biology for most species is known. All Utricularia species are herbs with vegetative organs that do not follow traditional models of morphological classification. Since the formal description of Utricularia in the 18th century, the trap function has intrigued naturalists. Historically, the traps were regarded as floating organs, a common hypothesis that was maintained by different botanists. However, Charles Darwin was most likely the first naturalist to refute this idea, since even with the removal of all traps, the plants continued to float. More recently, due mainly to methodological advances, detailed studies on the trap function and mechanisms could be investigated. This review shows a historical perspective on Utricularia studies which focuses on the traps and body organization
Processo de conversão em propriedades rurais de agricultores de base familiar em Ivinhema, MS.
Catalytic reutilization of chromium-loaded NaY oxidation of ethyl acetate
EUROPACAT IX - Catalysis for a Sustainable WorldThe
aim
of
this
study
is
the
reutilization
of
new
materials
obtained
by
biorecovery
of
chromium
from
water,
in
catalytic
oxidations
of
volatile
organic
compounds.
A
biosorption
system
consisting
of
a microorganism
supported
on
a NaY
zeolite
was
used
to
remove
hexavalent
chromium
from
contaminated
water.
After
the
biosorption
process,
the
chromium-loaded
zeolite
was
used
as
catalyst
to
be
applied
in
catalytic
oxidation
of
ethyl
acetate.
The
results
showed
that
a higher content
of
chromium
enhanced
the
activity
and
the
C0
2
selectivity
of
the
catalystinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Development and characterization of a novel hybrid tissue engineering-based scaffold for spinal cord injury repair
Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a significant health and social problem, and therefore it is vital to develop
novel strategies that can specifically target it. In this context, the objective of the present work was to develop a
new range of three-dimensional (3D) tubular structures aimed at inducing the regeneration within SCI sites. Up
to six different 3D tubular structures were initially developed by rapid prototyping: 3D bioplotting–based on a
biodegradable blend of starch. These structures were then further complemented by injecting Gellan Gum, a
polysaccharide-based hydrogel, in the central area of structures. The mechanical properties of these structures
were assessed using dynamic mechanical analysis, under both dry and wet conditions, and their morphologies=
porosities were analyzed using micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Biological
evaluation was carried out to determine their cytotoxicity, using both minimum essential medium (MEM)
extraction and MTS tests, as well as by encapsulation of an oligodendrocyte-like cell (M03-13 cell line) within the
hydrogel phase. The histomorphometric analysis showed a fully interconnected network of pores with porosity
ranging from 70% to 85%. Scaffolds presented compressive modulus ranging from 17.4 to 62.0MPa and 4.42 to
27.4 MPa under dry and wet conditions, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that the hybrid starch=poly-ecaprolactone=
Gellan Gum scaffolds were noncytotoxic, as they did not cause major alterations on cell morphology,
proliferation, and metabolic viability. Moreover, preliminary cell encapsulation assays showed that the
hybrid scaffolds could support the in vitro culture of oligodendrocyte-like cells. Finally, preliminary in vivo
studies conducted in a hemisection rat SCI model revealed that the above-referred structures were well integrated
within the injury and did not trigger chronic inflammatory processes. The results herein presented
indicate that these 3D systems might be of use in future SCI regeneration approaches.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology through funds from Programa Operacional Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacao (POCTI) and/or Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) programs (funding to ICVS, 3B's Research Group, predoctoral and postdoctoral fellowships to N. A. Silva, J. T. Oliveira, A. J. Salgado, and R. A. Sousa-SFRH/BD/40684/2007; SFRH/BD/17135/2004; SFRH/BPD/17595/2004; SFRH/BPD/17151/2004)
Fast calculation of spectral optical properties and pigment content detection in human normal and pathological kidney
A fast calculation method was used to obtain the spectral optical properties of human normal and pathological (chromophobe renal cell carcinoma) kidney tissues. Using total transmittance, total reflectance and collimated transmittance spectra acquired from ex vivo kidney samples, the spectral optical properties of both tissues, namely the absorption, the scattering and the reduced scattering coefficients, as well as the scattering anisotropy, dispersion and light penetration depth, were calculated between 200 and 1000 nm. Analysis of the mean ab sorption coefficient spectra of the kidney tissues showed that both contain melanin and lipofuscin, and that 83 % of the melanin in the normal kidney converts into lipofuscin in the pathological kidney.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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