Análise físico-química de salames coloniais comercializados no município de Toledo, Estado do Paraná

Physical-chemical analysis of colonial italian type salami commercialized in Toledo, Parana state. Italian immigration in the west of Parana State contributed for the development of small meat industries. the colonial Italian-type salami is one of the main commercialized meat products in this region, therefore making necessary its quality evaluation. the aim of this work is to verify whether the composition of the colonial salami is in accordance with Brazilian law, and the nutritional facts information on the labels of these products. Four different marks of colonial Italian-type salami produced in the region of Toledo, Parana State and one great trade mark of Italian-type salami were herein evaluated. Properties like moisture, percentages of proteins, ashes, lipids and cholesterol were evaluated. We recorded a great discrepancy between values presented in the nutritional facts information and determined values, except for the industrialized salami. the moisture content was higher than the maximum levels recommended by the legislation. On the other hand, protein contents were lower than the minimum values recommended, and only the fat content matched the values established by Brazilian law. the cholesterol contents were lower than described on the labels when they contain them. According to the composition of the product and the Brazilian legislation, such salami could not be classified as Italian-type salami.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, BR-09972270 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Oeste Parana, Toledo, Parana, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, BR-09972270 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Synthesis and characterization of a novel platinum (IV) complex from its platinum (II) analogue using molecular iodine as an oxidizing agent: an interesting synthetic route for the preparation of new platinum complexes

In an attempt to reduce toxicity and widen the spectrum of activity of cisplatin and its analogues, much attention has been focused on designing new platinum complexes. This work reports the synthesis and characterization of novel compounds of the platinum (II) and platinum (IV) containing 2-furoic hydrazide acid and iodide as ligands. Although the prepared compounds do not present the classical structure of biologically active platinum analogues, they could be potentially active or useful as precursors to prepare antitumor platinum complexes. The reported compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 195Pt NMR, IR and elemental analyses.

Complexos de platina com diaminas N-alquiladas de cadeia longa: síntese, inclusão em lipossomas, atividade citotóxica, antitumoral e estudos farmacocinéticos

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, with chemotherapy being a valuable tool for the treatment of the disease. The development of novel compounds which are more active and less toxic and which could become eventual anti-tumor drugs constitutes a research area of great relevance. The use of nanobiotechnology represents an intelligent alternative to assist in the development of new pharmaceutical formulations which may permit other administration routes thereby elevating the quality of life of cancer patients. Platinum complexes are well established anti-tumor agents in clinical use, with cisplatin being the most widely used compound of this class. The present work demonstrates the preparation of novel platinum(II) and platinum(IV) complexes employing long chain, N-alkyl derivatives of 1,2-ethanediamine and 1,3-propanediamine as ligands. These complexes were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C and 195Pt NMR spectroscopies, elemental analysis and had their cytotoxicities investigated in both normal and tumor cells. Considering the ambiphilic properties of the complexes due to the presence of the long carbon chain, several of them were incorporated into furtive liposomes and presented a good degree of encapsulation. One of the complexes, which showed the most promise in terms of both ease of preparation and degree of incorporation into liposomes, was selected for in vivo testing and evaluation as an anti-tumor agent against induced melanoma in mice using cisplatin as a reference. The pharmacokinetics of the liposomes prepared with this complex were also investigated. For this study, an adaptation of methodology for the determination of platinum in plasma and tissue samples from the test mice by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed elevated plasma concentrations for the liposomal formulation. This formulation also presented greater anti-tumor activity and reduced toxicity relative to the free complex.O câncer é uma das principais causas de óbito em todo o mundo, sendo a quimioterapia uma alternativa valiosa para o tratamento desta doença. O desenvolvimento de novos compostos mais ativos contra o câncer e menos tóxicos, que possam vir a ser utilizados como medicamentos antitumorais, constitui uma área de pesquisa de grande relevância. O uso da nanobiotecnologia representa uma alternativa inteligente que auxilia no desenvolvimento de novas formulações farmacêuticas disponibilizando outras vias de administração mais favoráveis à qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Complexos de platina são agentes antitumorais bem estabelecidos no uso clínico, sendo a cisplatina o composto mais amplamente utilizado desta classe. O presente trabalho mostra a obtenção de novos complexos de platina(II) e platina(IV) com ligantes N-alquilados de cadeia longa derivados da 1,2-etanodiamina e da 1,3-propanodiamina. Estes complexos foram devidamente caracterizados por espectroscopia na região do IV, RMN de 1H, de 13C e de 195Pt e análise elementar e tiveram sua citotoxicidade investigada em células tumorais e células normais. Tendo em vista as propriedades anfifílicas dos complexos devido a presença da cadeia carbônica longa, alguns deles foram incorporados em lipossomas furtivos e apresentaram boas taxas de encapsulação. Um dos complexos, que se mostrou mais promissor do ponto de vista de obtenção, rendimento e taxa de incorporação em lipossomas, foi selecionado para testes in vivo visando a avaliação da sua atividade antitumoral em camundongos com melanoma induzido, em comparação com a cisplatina. Também foi investigada a farmacocinética deste complexo livre e incorporado em lipossomas. Para tal estudo foi feita a adaptação da metodologia de determinação de platina em plasma e tecidos de camundongos por absorção atômica em forno de grafite. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos mostraram níveis de concentração plasmática elevados para a formulação do complexo incorporado em lipossomas. Esta formulação também apresentou maior atividade antitumoral e menor toxicidade em comparação com o complexo livre.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorFAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerai

Liposome encapsulation of lipophilic N-alkyl-propanediamine platinum complexes: impact on their cytotoxic activity and influence of the carbon chain length

Antitumor platinum(II) complexes derived from N-alkyl-propanediamine differing in the length of their carbon chain (C8, C10, C12 and C14) were incorporated in liposomes and the cytotoxic activity of these formulations was evaluated against tumor (A549, MDA-MB-231, B16-F1 and B16-F10) and non-tumor (BHK-21 and CHO) cell lines. Stable and monodisperse liposome suspensions incorporating the platinum complexes were obtained from the lipid composition consisting of distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, cholesterol and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phophoethanolamine-N-(methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000) at 5:3:0.3 molar ratio. The entrapment efficiency (EE%) of the platinum complexes in liposomes increased with the carbon chain length. EE% was higher than 80% in C12- and C14-derivatives. The effect of liposome encapsulation on the cytotoxic activity of the complexes was found to depend on the carbon chain length. These data indicate that the highest drug bioavailability from liposome formulations was achieved with the complex showing intermediate carbon chain length and partition between the liposome membrane and aqueous phase

Síntese e caracterização de novos complexos de platina (II) com ligantes derivados do furano e nitrofurano Synthesis and characterization of new platinum (II) complexes containing furan and nitrofuran derived ligands

<abstract language="eng">Platinum (II) complexes, for example, cisplatin and carboplatin, have been used as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of various types of cancer. Several other complexes of this metallic ion are also under clinical evaluation. This work describes the synthesis of five new platinum (II) complexes having furan and 5-nitrofuran derivatives and chloride as ligands. The compounds were characterized by NMR, IR and elemental analysis

Análise físico-química de salames coloniais comercializados no município de Toledo, Estado do Paraná=Physical-chemical analysis of colonial italian type salami commercialized in Toledo, Paraná state.

A imigração italiana no Oeste do Paraná contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de pequenas indústrias de produtos cárneos. O salame italiano colonial é um importante produto cárneo comercializado na região Oeste do Paraná, neste sentido é necessária a avaliação da qualidade deste produto. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se a composição centesimal destes salames coloniais está em conformidade com a legislação brasileira e com as informações contidas nos rótulos destes produtos. Quatro diferentes marcas de salames coloniais produzidos na região de Toledo, Estado do Paraná, e uma marca de salame industrializado foram avaliadas, neste trabalho, quanto aos teores de umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídios e colesterol. Os resultados mostraram que há diferença entre os valores apresentados nas informações nutricionais do rótulo e os valores determinados neste trabalho, com exceção do salame industrializado. Os teores de umidade foram maiores do que os teores máximos preconizados pela legislação. Por outro lado, os teores de proteínas foram menores que os valores mínimos, mas apenas os teores de gordura concordaram com os valores exigidos pela legislação brasileira. As análises de colesterol mostraram que os valores são inferiores àqueles descritos nos rótulos quando os mesmos os contêm. De acordo com as composições dos salames e a legislação brasileira, tais salames não poderiam ser enquadrados como salames italianos.<br><br>Italian immigration in the west of Paraná State contributed for the development of small meat industries. The colonial Italian-type salami is one of the main commercialized meat products in this region, therefore making necessary its quality evaluation. The aim of this work is to verify whether the composition of the colonial salami is in accordance with Brazilian law, and the nutritional facts information on the labels of these products. Four different marks of colonial Italian-type salami produced in the region of Toledo, Paraná State and one great trade mark of Italian-type salami were herein evaluated. Properties like moisture, percentages of proteins, ashes, lipids and cholesterol were evaluated. We recorded a great discrepancy between values presented in the nutritional facts information and determined values, except for the industrialized salami. The moisture content was higher than the maximum levels recommended by the legislation. On the other hand, protein contents were lower than the minimum values recommended, and only the fat content matched the values established by Brazilian law. The cholesterol contents were lower than described on the labels when they contain them. According to the composition of the product and the Brazilian legislation, such salami could not be classified as Italian-type salami