Tamanho ótimo de parcelas experimentais para o cultivo de mamoeiro

The objective of this work was to determine the optimal size of experimental plots for the evaluation of agronomic characteristics and fruit quality of papaya, by the linear model of plateau response, under soil and climatic conditions of the Recôncavo Baiano region, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The experiment consisted of a uniformity test, with the papaya lineage L78, at 3×2 m spacing, in 16 rows with 22 plants, totaling 352 plants and 2,112 m2 useful area. Each plant was considered as a basic unit, and 11 forms of pre-established plots, with rectangular and row formats, were obtained. The agronomic characteristics and fruit quality were evaluated in the plots. Optimal plot size varied greatly among the variables related to agronomic characteristics, with a greater participation of the variable number of marketable fruit per plant at 14 months (16 basic units). The optimal plot size for the evaluation of the agronomic characteristics and fruit quality in papaya is eight experimental units, with 48 m2 area, at a spacing of 3 m between rows and 2 m between papaya plants.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho ótimo de parcela experimental para avaliação de características agronômicas e qualidade de fruto de mamoeiro, por meio do modelo linear de resposta platô, nas condições edafoclimáticas do Recôncavo Baiano, no Estado da Bahia. O experimento consistiu de um teste de uniformidade, com a linhagem de mamoeiro L78, no espaçamento 3×2 m, em 16 fileiras com 22 plantas, com o total de 352 plantas e área útil de 2.112 m2. Cada planta foi considerada como unidade básica, tendo-se obtido 11 formas de parcelas pré-estabelecidas, com formatos retangulares e em fileiras. As características agronômicas e a qualidade dos frutos foram avaliadas nas parcelas. O tamanho ótimo de parcela variou muito entre as variáveis relativas às características agronômicas, com maior participação da variável número de frutos comerciais aos 14 meses (16 unidades básicas). O tamanho ótimo de parcela para avaliação das características agronômicas e da qualidade do fruto em mamoeiro é de oito unidades experimentais, com área de 48 m2 no espaçamento de 3 m entre fileiras e 2 m entre plantas de mamoeiro

Diagnóstico higiênicossanitário em unidade de beneficiamento de carne suína em Petrolina, PE

The meat industry needs minimal hygienicsanitary procedures throughout the production, storage, distribution and marketing process, especially considering that these are inputs that are sensitive to physiological, biochemical and microbiological changes in their food matrix. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the hygienic and microbiological conditions of food and surfaces in a meat and meat products processing unit in Pernambuco, Brazil. This is a descriptive cross-sectional, qualitative and quantitative study. Hygienicsanitary screening was carried out by applying a checklist in accordance with RDC No. 216/2004, ANVISA. For microbiological analysis of food, surfaces and equipment, the swab technique was used, total coliform count, mesophilic aerobes and Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of total coliforms was found in a sample of pururuca (food produced by the establishment and sold in bulk), in the cutting support and meat grinder, with values of 2.0 x 10² CFU/g, 252 CFU/cm² and 412 CFU /cm², respectively. Colonies of mesophilic aerobes were also found in pururuca, with values of 1.2 x 10² CFU/g. For the analysis of the water, it was verified that it was innocuous. These results may reflect precarious hygienic practices, which may endanger the consumer's health. Therefore, the results obtained raise the need for the effective implementation of good food handling practices and standardized operating procedures in order to minimize the incidence of microorganisms in food, consequently ensuring the health of individuals.A indústria de carnes necessita de procedimentos higiênico-sanitários mínimos ao longo do processo de produção, armazenamento, distribuição e comercialização, especialmente, tendo em vista que trata-se de insumos que possuem sensibilidade à alterações fisiológicas, bioquímicas e microbiológicas em sua matriz alimentar. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar as condições higiênicas e microbiológicas de alimentos e superfícies de uma unidade de beneficiamento de carne e produtos cárneos em Pernambuco, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal, qualitativo e quantitativo. O rastreio higiênico-sanitário foi feito através da aplicação de um checklist conforme a RDC Nº 216/2004, ANVISA. Para análises microbiológicas de alimentos, superfícies e equipamentos foi utilizada a técnica de Swabs e a contagem de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli através do sistema de análise Petrifilm Coliform Count Plate 3M®. Constatou-se a presença de Enterobactérias em amostra de pururuca e apoio de corte, com valores de 2,0 x 10² UFC/g e 6,8 x 10² UFC/cm2, respectivamente. Encontrou-se, também, na Pururuca e Apoio de corte, colônias de Mesófilos, com valores de 1,2 x 10² UFC/g e 10-² UFC/cm 2. Para análise da hídrica, verificou-se inocuidade. Estes parâmetros refletem as práticas rotineiras da unidade, que podem repercutir à saúde dos consumidores com sistema imunológico debilitado, principalmente. Portanto, os resultados obtidos suscitam a necessidade de implementação efetiva de BPF e POP’s a fim de minimizar a incidência de microrganismos em alimentos, consequentemente, garantindo a saúde dos indivíduos

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Genetic divergence among castor bean lines and parental strains using ward’s method based on morpho-agronomic descriptors

This study sought to evaluate the genetic divergence among castor lines and parental strains in the germplasm bank at the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia) using morpho-agronomic descriptors. This experiment was conducted from 2014 to 2015 with 208 treatments represented by bank accessions that were analyzed using a randomized block design, which established homogeneity of the experimental conditions with all treatments repeated in four blocks. The genetic divergence analysis was performed using Ward’s method and Tocher’s method based on Gower’s distance, which are two clustering methods used in studies with castor beans, with the help of the statistical programs R and GENES. The results revealed the formation of 21 groups for 13 morpho-agronomic descriptors, six qualitative and seven quantitative, indicating the presence of variability in the bank. The groups containing promising accessions for the characteristics of agronomic interest, including precociousness, fruit dehiscence, and plant height and yield were 2, 7, 8, 10, 14, 15, 16, and 17, which suggested potential hybrid crosses. The descriptors with the greatest contribution to variance were yield, plant height, the number of seeds per raceme, flowering and seed weight per raceme.

Correlations and track analysis for morphoagronomic descriptors in pedigree and parental lines of castor bean

ABSTRACT: As castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) reveals immense adaptability to various ecological conditions and due to its socioeconomic significance, new studies have emerged primarily to develop more productive cultivars to suit different regions in Brazil. This study aimed to confirmthe correlations and direct and indirect effects of the morphoagronomic descriptors on castor bean productivity, employing correlation studies and track analysis. Between 2014 and 2015, experiments utilizing the randomized block design were performed, with four replications, which included 208 treatments involving pedigree and parental lines of castor bean, drawn from the germplasm bank of the Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. Variables in the correlation analysis included primary racemic insertion, stem diameter, number of stem internodes, plant flowering, plant height, racemic length, number of fruits per raceme, fruit weight per raceme, seed yield per fruit and productivity. Correlations among the variables analyzed were imposed, via track analysis, on the direct and indirect influences of the morphoagronomic descriptors on productivity. The most direct and positively influential descriptors included fruit weight per raceme and number of seeds per raceme; the most direct albeit negatively influential descriptors are the number of internodes on the stem and flowering. Therefore, lines with less number of internodes and requiring fewer days to bloom are more highly productive. These descriptors can thus effectively identify the productive lines

GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND MORPHO - AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. CLONES FOR SELECTION OF CLONAL VARIETIES

The knowledge about genetic diversity of jatropha crop is important for genetic conservation resources and breeding of this species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and performance of jatropha clones through morphological characterization to selection of clonal varieties for biofuels production. The clones were obtained through shoot cuttings from previous selection in a population of half - sibs progenies. The morphoagronomic analyses of clones was carried out at 180 days after transplantation and were evaluated plant height, stem diameter, number of primary branches and number of secondary branches, number of bunches and number of fruits per plant. Evaluating clones performance, significant results were found for the number of secondary branches. About analysis of genetic diversity, the measures of dissimilarity genetic varied from 0.62 to 13.11, this way, the UFRBPR14 and UFRBPR15 clones were more divergent. The Tocher method was efficient to verify formation of four groups. The characteristics that most contributed to the divergence among clones were branches number, height and number of bunches, and, stem diameter had lower contribution. The jatropha clones differed only in the secondary branches number and multivariate analysis showed divergence among the jatropha clones with formation of four groups. Also, branches number, plant height and number of bunches were characteristic that contributed to genetic divergence

Optimal experimental plot size for papaya cultivation.

The objective of this work was to determine the optimal size of experimental plots for the evaluation of agronomic characteristics and fruit quality of papaya, by the linear model of plateau response, under soil and climatic conditions of the Recôncavo Baiano region, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The experiment consisted of a uniformity test, with the papaya lineage L78, at 3×2 m spacing, in 16 rows with 22 plants, totaling 352 plants and 2,112 m2 useful area. Each plant was considered as a basic unit, and 11 forms of pre-established plots, with rectangular and row formats, were obtained. The agronomic characteristics and fruit quality were evaluated in the plots. Optimal plot size varied greatly among the variables related to agronomic characteristics, with a greater participation of the variable number of marketable fruit per plant at 14 months (16 basic units). The optimal plot size for the evaluation of the agronomic characteristics and fruit quality in papaya is eight experimental units, with 48 m2 area, at a spacing of 3 m between rows and 2 m between papaya plants.Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-30T18:13:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 266001267912PB.pdf: 723440 bytes, checksum: b8025427d4c4167730091cab071038e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019bitstream/item/203929/1/26600-126791-2-PB.pd

Estratégia Educacional Baseada em Problemas para Grandes Grupos: Relato de Experiência

RESUMO Nos últimos anos, o olhar sobre a formação dos profissionais de saúde tem se intensificado, particularmente sobre aquela que possa impactar a resolução dos problemas de saúde da população. Um dos aspectos para o alcance desta demanda refere-se a uma formação que incorpore metodologias ativas no processo ensino-aprendizagem de estudantes da saúde. Neste entendimento, tomando como referência metodologias de aprendizagem baseada em problemas, as quais utilizam certos passos para a resolução de problemas, e diante dos desafios de trabalhar com grandes grupos, desenvolveu-se a estratégia educacional denominada Ciclo de Discussão de Problemas (CDP). Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever o CDP como uma estratégia educacional utilizada em grandes grupos no ensino da graduação em saúde. Esta estratégia ancora-se nos princípios de metodologia ativa, pois utiliza problemas com temáticas comuns aos cursos da área da saúde, para desenvolver nos alunos o aprendizado autodirigido, a habilidade de solucionar problemas, o pensamento crítico e o estudo colaborativo, além da visão integrada das ciências básicas. Esta estratégia envolve dois momentos em sala de aula para cada problema: análise e resolução, englobando 12 passos