Sensory characteristics of wood from naturally fallen Amazonian trees for manufacture of products in Extractive Reserves

In view of the national and international demand for wood for industrial use, solutions are being created to combat and reduce deforestation. One such solution is to use wood from naturally fallen trees. However, there has been limited evaluation of the technological potential of this material. This study therefore aimed to assess the general characteristics of wood from naturally fallen tree species in the Auatí-Paraná Extractive Reserve (RESEX), for potential use in product development. The characteristics analyzed were color, texture, grain, heartwood, sapwood and density. The species of naturally fallen trees were assessed using online databases, specialized literature and the xylotheque at the Wood Anatomy and Identification Laboratory of the National Institute of Amazonian Research (LAIM/INPA). This study and its results confirm the great quantity and quality of wood from naturally fallen trees with technological potential for the development of products, based on the classification of the sensory characteristics of the woods

Viabilidade do uso de árvores ocas da espécie Astronium lecointei Ducke por meio da utilização da tecnologia da madeira e do design

Com a falta de tecnologia no setor florestal, alternativas são necessárias para favorecer a maximização do uso da madeira amazônica, principalmente àquelas que possuem características desfavoráveis para o seu processamento. Assim, o objetivo da pesquisa foi desenvolver o projeto de um produto com o design planejado, confeccionando-o e verificando as etapas de processamento para atestar o aumento do rendimento volumétrico e a diminuição dos resíduos de madeiras proveniente de árvores ocas. Com isso, foi projetado um móvel, utilizando softwares para modelar as alternativas de geometria e encaixe para uma mesa de jantar com seis lugares, com estrutura e formas diferenciada. Foram utilizados cerca de 0,1799 m³ de madeira da espécie de Muiracatiara para a confecção da mesa, possuindo acabamento fino e técnicas de marchetaria no tampo, com madeira de Marupá. A volumetria final do produto foi igual a 0,5420 m³, sendo o rendimento volumétrico de 30,13% considerado alto, para a quantidade de madeira utilizada no processo. Com o restante, cerca de 69,87% de resíduo madeireiro da produção da mesa, foi possível realizar a confecção de uma luminária, a partir de peças descartadas durante a usinagem da madeira. O estudo permitiu a demonstração da aplicabilidade do design no setor madeireiro a partir do planejamento do uso da matéria prima, onde foi possível verificar a viabilidade do procedimento utilizando madeira amazônica para a confecção de itens domésticos, independente do estado de qualidade, tornando a atividade sustentável ao setor.Palavras-chave: Madeira Amazônica, Tecnologia florestal, Rendimento Volumétrico, Design de produtos.

PRÁTICAS SUSTENTÁVEIS E NÃO SUSTENTÁVEIS NA PRODUÇÃO DE SANDÁLIAS DE COURO CAPRINO EM CABACEIRAS-PB

This article aims to present the sustainable and unsustainable aspects of the goat skin flat sandals production at Cooperativa Arteza in Cabaceiras/PB, identified by a systemic analysis of the product. To understand the manufacturing stages, technical visits in the production site were made, as well as interviews without script with producers. From the analysis of the production stages, sustainable practices were identified, as well as practices that need studies and intervention – resulting in a diagnosis that proposes productive improvements.Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar as práticas sustentáveis e não sustentáveis da produção de sandálias rasteiras de couro caprino na Cooperativa Arteza em Cabaceiras/PB identificadas pela Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida do Produto. Para compreender as etapas de fabricação foi realizada visita “in loco” no ambiente produtivo. A partir de uma avaliação visual foram identificadas práticas que buscam minimizar os impactos ao meio ambiente e outras que necessitam de estudos e intervenção

Physical-mechanical characterization of Amazonian woods by non-destructive methodology for the manufacture of EGP (Edge Glued Panel) panels

Studies of the technological properties of little-known native species are essential for an indication of sustainable management of the Amazon. The study aimed to evaluate the physical-mechanical performance of five Amazonian species obtained from an area managed in the Amazon by a non-destructive methodology, and to indicate their use to manufacture EGP panels. The samples were obtained from non-flooded secondary forest in the Amazon/Brazil (EEST/INPA). Fifteen trees were selected to determine the physical-mechanical properties, using the microwave system to determine the moisture, the apparent density test and the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEd). The microwave system presents better drying performance when compared to the conventional method (artificial drying), considering that the dry woods in this system present greater stability in the equilibrium moisture, and the woods from Murici, Breu vermelho and Angelim pedra presented content close to 12%, ideal moisture for EGP manufactures. The apparent density of the woods varied from 0.76 to 1.18 g.cm-3, classified as high density, following the standards of tropical woods. The studied woods presented MOEd of 11,175 to 14,109 MPa, thus demonstrating good resistance, and lower risk of deformation for the different uses, including for EGP panels, whether structural or not, being necessary to consider the type of adhesive. The quality of the studied woods presents a promising result for industrial indication, since they are mostly unknown or non-commercial woods, where technological characterization is a key tool to assist in decision making in the forest management plans that may indicate the use of new species in the forestry sector

Use of wood waste from Amazonian tree species for the manufacture of products with regional identity

Based on the problem of the quantity of wood waste generated by the timber milling process in sawmills in the state of Amazonas and the possibility of manufacturing products using this material, the aim of this study was to develop a product with regional identity made from this wood waste. The research process involved analysis of cultural issues in the North Region of Brazil and the quantity and quality of wood waste present in the Wood Engineering and Artefacts Laboratory (LEAM/INPA). This wood was donated by the company Mil Madeireira, located in the municipality of Itacoatiara in the state of Amazonas. Assessment of the regional themes of northern Brazil found that animals are represented in many products. This is especially true for handicrafts, where artisans seek to represent animals typical of the region in carvings, paintings, sewing and other crafts. As a result, a mood board was created with images of the most popular animals in the North region. The product was developed from hand drawings and 3D modeling to check the relationship between the pieces. Later, a physical prototype was developed using sawmill waste from the species Peãozinho (Micrandropsis sclerorylum W. Rodr), Cardeiro (Scleronemoma micranthum) and Mandioqueira (Qualea paraenses), after their classification. Based on the quality and quantity of waste generated from milling, one of the proposed alternatives was a coffee table called Arara (Macaw). The coffee table consists of 5 (five) pieces: 4 (four) of wood and 1 (one) of glass. In search of satisfactory results, this idea arose based on two factors: the aesthetic and emotional appeal, and modularity. The product was generated from analysis of elements of the northern Brazilian regional identity and the classification of waste from milling of certified wood and forestry residues. It has been observed that much of the wood is discarded or is burned to generate energy. In addition to the amount of wood wasted, two other factors were also analyzed: the first is the possibility of generating value through the culture of the northern region, specifically that of the state of Amazonas, through the manufacturing of products, and the second is to leverage the production of the wood industry. The product is easy to construct and the process can be taught to third parties, since the technical details are presented so as to facilitate its large-scale production

Design social e reuso dos pallets: estratégias para adequação/ projeção de mobiliário ambiental na Associação de Idosos do Coroado, Manaus (Amazonas)

The Coroado’s Association of Senior Citizens (Portuguese acronym: ASSIC) in partnership with the Coroado’s Program/UFAM, Manaus (Amazonas, Brazil), have developed studies to adapt their facilities, among them the research for designing furniture solutions through the reuse of pallets and Social Design guidelines, presented in this article. These solutions proved to be easily manufactured and an alternative of income generation for local carpenters due to the low cost of execution, the value added to the final products and the acceptance of users.A Associação de Idosos do Coroado (ASSIC) em parceria com o Programa Coroado/UFAM, Manaus (Amazonas), têm desenvolvido estudos para adequação de sua sede, entre eles a pesquisa para geração de alternativas de mobiliário a partir do reuso de pallets e de diretrizes do Design Social, apresentadas neste artigo. Essas alternativas mostraram-se ser de fácil fabricação e uma alternativa de geração de renda para marceneiros locais pelo baixo custo de execução, pelo valor agregado aos produtos finais e pela aceitação dos usuários

PRÁTICAS SUSTENTÁVEIS E NÃO SUSTENTÁVEIS NA PRODUÇÃO DE SANDÁLIAS DE COURO CAPRINO EM CABACEIRAS-PB

This article aims to present the sustainable and unsustainable aspects of the goat skin flat sandals production at Cooperativa Arteza in Cabaceiras/PB, identified by a systemic analysis of the product. To understand the manufacturing stages, technical visits in the production site were made, as well as interviews without script with producers. From the analysis of the production stages, sustainable practices were identified, as well as practices that need studies and intervention – resulting in a diagnosis that proposes productive improvements.Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar as práticas sustentáveis e não sustentáveis da produção de sandálias rasteiras de couro caprino na Cooperativa Arteza em Cabaceiras/PB identificadas pela Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida do Produto. Para compreender as etapas de fabricação foi realizada visita “in loco” no ambiente produtivo. A partir de uma avaliação visual foram identificadas práticas que buscam minimizar os impactos ao meio ambiente e outras que necessitam de estudos e intervenção