Measuring the Importance of the Uniform Nonsynchronization Hypothesis

In this paper we critically reappraise some measures of the importance of time-dependent price setting rules and propose an alternative way to gauge the significance of this type of price setting behaviour. The merits of the proposed measure are highlighted in an application using micro-data. Our results suggest that a large proportion of price trajectories may be compatible with simple time-dependent price setting mechanisms but the strength of this evidence very much depends on the way that is used to evaluate the importance of this type of behaviour.

A note on measuring the importance of the uniform nonsynchronization hypothesis

In this note we reappraise the measure of the importance of time-dependent price setting rules suggested by Klenow and Kryvtsov (2005, "State-Dependent or Time-Dependent Pricing: Does It Matter for Recent U.S. Inflation?," Bank of Canada Working Paper 05-4). Furthermore, we propose an alternative way to gauge the significance of this type of price setting behavior, which can be interpreted as an upper bound for the proportion of price trajectories which are compatible with the uniform nonsynchronization hypothesis. The merits of the proposed measure are highlighted in an application using micro-data. Our results suggest that a large proportion of price trajectories may be compatible with simple time-dependent price setting mechanisms, but the strength of this evidence very much depends on the way that is used to evaluate the importance of this type of behavior.perfect synchronization.

On the Fisher-Konieczny Index of Price Changes Synchronization

This note provides a structural interpretation for the index of price changes synchronization proposed by Fisher and Konieczny (2000, Economics Letters, 68, 271-277) and shows that it can be used to test the hypothesis of uniform staggering.

Measuring the importance of the uniform nonsynchronization hypothesis

In this paper we critically reappraise some measures of the importance of time-dependent price setting rules and propose an alternative way to gauge the significance of this type of price setting behaviour. The merits of the proposed measure are highlighted in an application using micro-data. Our results suggest that a large proportion of price trajectories may be compatible with simple time-dependent price setting mechanisms but the strength of this evidence very much depends on the way that is used to evaluate the importance of this type of behaviour. JEL Classification: D40, E31, L11perfect synchronization, Time-dependent price setting models, uniform staggering

Time or state dependent price setting rules? Evidence from Portuguese micro data

In this paper we analyse the ability of time and state dependent price setting rules to explain durations of price spells or the probability of changing prices. Our results suggest that simple time dependent models cannot be seen as providing a reasonable approximation to the data and that state dependent models are required to fully characterise the price setting behaviour of Portuguese firms. Inflation, the level of economic activity and the magnitude of the last price change emerge as relevant variables affecting the probability of changing prices. Moreover, it is seen that the impact differs for negative and positive values of these covariates. JEL Classification: C41, D40, E31CPI data, Hazard functions, inflation

Why are some prices stickier than others? Firm-data evidence on price adjustment lags

Infrequent price changes at the firm level are now well documented in the literature. However, a number of issues remain partly unaddressed. This paper contributes to the literature on price stickiness by investigating the lags of price adjustments to different types of shocks. We find that adjustment lags to cost and demand shocks vary with firm characteristics, namely the firm’s cost structure, the type of pricing policy, and the type of good. We also document that firms react asymmetrically to demand and cost shocks, as well as to positive and negative shocks, and that the degree and direction of the asymmetry varies across firms. JEL Classification: C41, D40, E31Firm heterogeneity, Panel-ordered probit, real rigidities, survey data

Why Are Some Prices Stickier Than Others? Firm-Data Evidence on Price Adjustment Lags

Infrequent price changes at the firm level are now well documented in the literature. However, a number of issues remain partly unaddressed. This paper contributes to the literature on price stickiness by investigating the lags of price adjustments to different types of shocks. We find that adjustment lags to cost and demand shocks vary with firm characteristics, namely the firm’s cost structure, the type of pricing policy, and the type of good. We also document that firms react asymmetrically to demand and cost shocks, as well as to positive and negative shocks, and that the degree and direction of the asymmetry varies across firms.

A inserção do saxofone na diversificação da instrumentação de música de câmara no ensino básico do ensino artístico especializado

O presente trabalho propõe a inserção do Saxofone na diversificação da instrumentação de Música de Câmara no 2º e 3º ciclo do Ensino Artístico Especializado, através da edificação de um compêndio de transcrições, totais ou parciais de peças de vários períodos estilísticos da história da música, onde o Saxofone não integra a instrumentação original. Procura também debater e compreender a sua importância da disciplina de Música de Câmara na comunidade escolar e a influência do compêndio a curto prazo nos alunos participantes de Saxofone na disciplina de instrumento, com base no levantamento de fontes sobre o tema e resultados obtidos em questionário. Concluindo, o trabalho realizado explora e propõe a transcrição como ferramenta para a diversificação do repertório de Música de Câmara que poderá auxiliar os professores e os alunos de Saxofone no aumento da produtividade e autonomia nas disciplinas de Música de Câmara e Instrumento.The present work proposes the insertion of the Saxophone in the diversification of Chamber Music instrumentation in the lower secondary education of Artistic Education Specialized Schools, through the construction of a compendium of transcriptions, partial or complete from pieces of various stylistic periods of music history, which the saxophone does not integrate the original instrumentation. It also seeks to debate and understand the importance of Chamber Music in the school community and the compendium's short-term influence on saxophone students, based on a collection of sources on the subject and results obtained from a questionnaire. In conclusion, the work explores and proposes transcription as a tool for the diversification of the Chamber Music repertoire that may assist Saxophone teachers and students in increasing their productivity and autonomy in the Chamber Music and Instrument disciplines.Mestrado em Ensino de Músic

Anotações partilhadas usando quadros interactivos

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia InformáticaA evolução do ensino encontra-se fortemente correlacionada com as necessidades da sociedade. Em todas as vertentes desta relação, o ensino tem procurado adaptar-se aos novos tempos e o caso da tecnologia não é excepção. A utilização de tecnologia num contexto de ensino é fomentada pela necessidade de trocar informação de forma simples e concisa. O trabalho desenvolvido integra uma interface colaborativa de anotação de vídeo, utilizando uma abordagem de partilha de informação. É necessário pensar para além da comunicação professor/aluno e desta forma a aplicação desenvolvida tem como objectivo trazer para os alunos a possibilidade de partilharem informação validada pelo professor, como acontece hoje em dia com a troca de apontamentos. O professor mantém o seu papel clássico de mediador recorrendo a um quadro interactivo que será o centro do sistema, mantendo a tradicional forma de partilhar conhecimento com os alunos e aumentando o leque das soluções tecnológicas disponíveis. No essencial, o projecto centra-se numa solução intuitiva para anotações em vídeo, facilmente operável através de um dispositivo táctil de toque único, em particular nos quadros interactivos. As anotações permitem a contextualização do vídeo, através das mesmas um determinado vídeo pode ganhar interpretações diferentes perante uma comunidade de utilizadores. Para além da vertente usual das anotações, definidas estaticamente numa posição absoluta no vídeo, este trabalho aborda a utilização de anotações dinâmicas, que permitem que uma dada anotação siga um objecto escolhido pelo utilizador