Photodynamic activity of chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)indium(III)

Photodynamic activity of chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)indium(III) (InTPP) in vitro was investigated for possible use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation in DMSO of InTPP (F D = 0.72) was higher than 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) (F D = 0.52). Binding sites between photosensitizers and bovine serum albumin (BSA) are independent while binding sites with human red blood cells (RBC) are cooperatives, with one and four binding sites per molecule, respectively. Binding constants with BSA are (1.15 ± 0.07) × 10(5) and (2.6 ± 0.1) × 10(4) L mol-1 and with RBC are (2.40 ± 0.05) × 10(7) L mol-1 e (7.2 ± 0.2) × 10(4) L mol-1 for InTPP and Photofrin®, respectively. InTPP was more efficient than Photofrin® in the photooxidation of L-tryptophan(Trp) and BSA when higher concentrations (14 µmol L-1) of photosensitizers were used. InTPP was 1.37-1.5 times more effective in the photooxidation of RBC than Photofrin®. Our results indicate that InTPP should be used in future studies of PDT.A atividade fotodinâmica do cloro(5,10,15,20-tetrafenilporfirinato) de índio(III) (InTPP) in vitro foi investigado para possível uso em terapia fotodinâmica (PDT). O rendimento quântico de oxigênio singlete do InTPP (F D = 0,72) em DMSO foi maior que da 5,10,15,20-tetrafenilporfirina (TPP) (F D = 0,52). Os sítios de ligação entre os fotossensibilizadores e albumina bovina (BSA) são independentes e com células vermelhas de sangue humano (RBC) são cooperativos, com um e quatro sítios de ligação por molécula, respectivamente. As constantes de associação com BSA são (1,15 ± 0,07) × 10(5) e (2,6 ± 0,1) × 10(4) L mol-1 e com RBC são (2,40 ± 0,05) × 10(7) L mol-1 e (7,2 ± 0,2) × 10(4) L mol-1 para InTPP e Photofrin®, respectivamente. O InTPP foi mais eficiente do que Photofrin® em fotooxidar L-triptofano (Trp) e BSA quando maiores concentrações dos fotossensibilizadores foram utilizadas (acima de 14 µmol L-1). O InTPP foi 1,37 a 1,5 vezes mais eficaz em fotooxidar as RBC do que Photofrin®. Nossos resultados indicam que o InTPP pode ser usado para estudos futuros de PDT.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Photodynamic activity of chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)indium(III)

Photodynamic activity of chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)indium(III) (InTPP) in vitro was investigated for possible use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation in DMSO of InTPP (FD = 0.72) was higher than 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) (FD = 0.52). Binding sites between photosensitizers and bovine serum albumin (BSA) are independent while binding sites with human red blood cells (RBC) are cooperatives, with one and four binding sites per molecule, respectively. Binding constants with BSA are (1.15 ± 0.07) × 105 and (2.6 ± 0.1) × 104 L mol-1 and with RBC are (2.40 ± 0.05) × 107 L mol-1 e (7.2 ± 0.2) × 104 L mol-1 for InTPP and Photofrin®, respectively. InTPP was more efficient than Photofrin® in the photooxidation of L-tryptophan(Trp) and BSA when higher concentrations (14 µmol L–1) of photosensitizers were used. InTPP was 1.37-1.5 times more effective in the photooxidation of RBC than Photofrin®. Our results indicate that InTPP should be used in future studies of PDT193491501FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPSem informaçã

Photodynamic activity of chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)indium(III)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Photodynamic activity of chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)indium(III) (InTPP) in vitro was investigated for possible use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation in DMSO of InTPP (F D = 0.72) was higher than 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) (F D = 0.52). Binding sites between photosensitizers and bovine serum albumin (BSA) are independent while binding sites with human red blood cells (RBC) are cooperatives, with one and four binding sites per molecule, respectively. Binding constants with BSA are (1.15 ± 0.07) × 10(5) and (2.6 ± 0.1) × 10(4) L mol-1 and with RBC are (2.40 ± 0.05) × 10(7) L mol-1 e (7.2 ± 0.2) × 10(4) L mol-1 for InTPP and Photofrin®, respectively. InTPP was more efficient than Photofrin® in the photooxidation of L-tryptophan(Trp) and BSA when higher concentrations (14 µmol L-1) of photosensitizers were used. InTPP was 1.37-1.5 times more effective in the photooxidation of RBC than Photofrin®. Our results indicate that InTPP should be used in future studies of PDT.A atividade fotodinâmica do cloro(5,10,15,20-tetrafenilporfirinato) de índio(III) (InTPP) in vitro foi investigado para possível uso em terapia fotodinâmica (PDT). O rendimento quântico de oxigênio singlete do InTPP (F D = 0,72) em DMSO foi maior que da 5,10,15,20-tetrafenilporfirina (TPP) (F D = 0,52). Os sítios de ligação entre os fotossensibilizadores e albumina bovina (BSA) são independentes e com células vermelhas de sangue humano (RBC) são cooperativos, com um e quatro sítios de ligação por molécula, respectivamente. As constantes de associação com BSA são (1,15 ± 0,07) × 10(5) e (2,6 ± 0,1) × 10(4) L mol-1 e com RBC são (2,40 ± 0,05) × 10(7) L mol-1 e (7,2 ± 0,2) × 10(4) L mol-1 para InTPP e Photofrin®, respectivamente. O InTPP foi mais eficiente do que Photofrin® em fotooxidar L-triptofano (Trp) e BSA quando maiores concentrações dos fotossensibilizadores foram utilizadas (acima de 14 µmol L-1). O InTPP foi 1,37 a 1,5 vezes mais eficaz em fotooxidar as RBC do que Photofrin®. Nossos resultados indicam que o InTPP pode ser usado para estudos futuros de PDT.193491501Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP_Brasi

Comportamentos associados com vacas mais propensas a apresentar leite com reduzida estabilidade ao álcool após restrição alimentar

The experiment was carried out to identify changes in the behaviorr of lactating cows induced by severe feeding restriction and further refeeding that could serve as facilitators for the visual identification of cows more prone to produce milk with reduced stability. Twelve cows were separated into two groups: Control: full diet supply; Restriction: 50% of the full diet. Feed restriction lasted seven days (Period 1), with posterior supply of full diet for seven days (Period 2) for all treatments. Behavior was observed on the first and fifth days in each period from 08h40 to 19h00. Ingestive and social behavior were monitored. Cortisol assessed stress levels. Analysis of variance and multifactorial statistical analyzes were performed. Adequate feed supply reduced stress, improved animals’ welfare and milk stability to the ethanol test. Elevation in the incidence of behavior related with hunger, frustration and discomfort is an indicator of cows more prone to produce milk with reduced stability.O experimento foi conduzido para identificar alterações comportamentais de vacas lactantes submetidas à restrição alimentar severa e realimentação, as quais podem servir para identificação visual de vacas mais propensas a produzir leite de reduzida estabilidade ao álcool. Doze vacas foram separadas em dois grupos: controle: suprimento de dieta completa; restrição: 50% da dieta completa. A restrição alimentar durou sete dias (Período 1), com posterior suprimento de dieta completa por sete dias (Período 2) a todos os animais. O comportamento foi monitorado no primeiro e quinto dias de cada período, entre as 08h40min e 19h. Comportamentos ingestivo e social foram observados. Os níveis de cortisol foram utilizados para monitorar os níveis de estresse. Análises de variância e multifatorial foram realizadas. O suprimento adequado da dieta reduziu estresse, aumentou o bem-estar animal, bem como a estabilidade do leite ao teste do álcool. Elevação na incidência de comportamentos relacionados à fome, frustração e desconforto é um indicador de vacas mais propensas a produzir leite com reduzida estabilidade

Voltammetric determination of sibutramine in beverages and in pharmaceutical formulations

A simple and sensitive method has been proposed for the determination of sibutramine-HCl in energy drinks, green tea and pharmaceutical formulations using differential pulse voltammetry performed on a hanging mercury drop electrode. In the chosen experimental condition (Mcllvaine pH 4.0 buffer, 50 mV pulse amplitude and 40 mV s-1 scan velocity), sibutramine-HCl presented a reversible behavior and a peak maximum at -80 mV. Detection limit was 0.4 mg L-1 and the working linear range extended up to 33.3 mg L-1 (r = 0.99). Analysis of real and fortified samples enabled recoveries between 91 and 102%. The electroanalytical method was compared with a HPLC method which indicated it accuracy

Evaluation and molecular characterization of human adenovirus in drinking water supplies: viral integrity and viability assays

BACKGROUND: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are the second-leading cause of childhood gastroenteritis worldwide. This virus is commonly found in environmental waters and is very resistant to water disinfection and environmental stressors, especially UV light inactivation. Molecular techniques, such as PCR-based methods (Polymerase Chain Reaction), are commonly used to detect and identify viral contamination in water, although PCR alone does not allow the discrimination between infectious and non-infectious viral particles. A combination of cell culture and PCR has allowed detection of infectious viruses that grow slowly or fail to produce cytopathic effects (CPE) in cell culture. This study aimed to assess the integrity and viability of human adenovirus (HAdV) in environmental water and evaluate circulating strains by molecular characterization in three sites of the water supply in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Island, Brazil: Peri Lagoon water, spring source water, and water from the public water supply system. METHODS: Water samples were collected, concentrated and HAdV quantified by real-time PCR. Viral integrity was evaluated by enzymatic assay (DNase I) and infectivity by plaque assay (PA) and integrated cell culture using transcribed mRNA (ICC-RT-qPCR). Samples containing particles of infectious HAdV were selected for sequencing and molecular characterization. RESULTS: The analyzed sites contained 83, 66 and 58% undamaged HAdV particles (defined as those in which the genetic material is protected by the viral capsid) at Peri Lagoon, spring source water and public supply system water, respectively. Of these, 66% of the particles (by PA) and 75% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) HAdV were shown to be infectious, due to being undamaged in Peri Lagoon, 33% (by PA) and 58% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) in spring source water and 8% (by PA) and 25% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) in the public water supply system. ICC-RT-qPCR, a very sensitive and rapid technique, was able to detect as low as 1 × 10(2) HAdV genome copies per milliliter of infectious viral particles in the environmental water samples. The molecular characterization studies indicated that HAdV-2 was the prevalent serotype. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a lack of proper public health measures. We suggest that HAdV can be efficiently used as a marker of environmental and drinking water contamination and ICC-RT-qPCR demonstrated greater sensitivity and speed of detection of infectious viral particles compared to PA

SEXUALIDADE: UM ESTUDO COM PORTADORES DE DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL

A qualidade das relaes afetivo-sexuais encontra-se na intensidade, na intimidade e na capacidade do ser de se envolver com o outro por meio dos sentidos. Considera-se que o impacto da deficincia visual sobre o desenvolvimento individual e psicolgico varia entre os indivduos e depende de uma infinidade de fatores. O portador de deficincia visual um ser humano igual aos demais, com impulsos sexuais e potencial para viver sua sexualidade, a qual contribui para inseri-lo no mundo. Porm, conforme Schilder (1980), a sexualidade permeada pelo olhar. A partir dessa afirmativa surgiu o interesse em compreender como acontecem as relaes afetivo-sexuais desses sujeitos. Dessa maneira, este estudo tem como objetivo geral investigar de que forma o portador de deficincia visual vivencia a sua sexualidade. Para tanto, participaram da pesquisa dez sujeitos com deficincia visual, de ambos os sexos. Para coletar os dados, foi utilizada uma entrevista semi-estruturada, contendo alguns tpicos de interesse. Os dados foram analisados de forma qualitativa, por meio da Anlise de Contedo. Obteve-se, como resultado, que a deficincia visual pode acarretar dificuldades nos relacionamentos interpessoais, mas no diretamente na sexualidade. A partir da elaborao deste trabalho pode-se concluir que falta informao clara sobre o conceito de sexualidade aos portadores de deficincia visual e que a Psicologia tem muito a contribuir para a desmistificao do tema, pois se percebem as grandes resistncias e fantasias que o envolvem

Ocular cell lines and genotoxicity assessment

Genotoxicity screening tests aim to evaluate if and to what extent a compound in contact with the human body (e.g., a drug molecule, a compound from the environment) interacts with DNA. The comet assay is a sensitive method used to predict the risk of DNA damage in individual cells, as it quantifies the tape breaks, being the alkaline version (pH > 13) the most commonly used in the laboratory. Epithelial cells serve as biomatrices in genotoxicity assessments. As ca. 80% of solid cancers are of epithelial origin, the quantification of the DNA damage upon exposure of epithelial cells to a drug or drug formulation becomes relevant. Comet assays run in epithelial cells also have clinical applications in human biomonitoring, which assesses whether and to what extent is the human body exposed to environmental genotoxic compounds and how such exposure changes over time. Ocular mucosa is particularly exposed to environmental assaults. This review summarizes the published data on the genotoxicity assessment in estimating DNA damage in epithelial cells with a special focus on ocular cell lines. General comet assay procedures for ex vivo and in vivo epithelium samples are also described.The authors acknowledge the financial support received from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT/MCT) and from European Funds (PRODER/COMPETE) for the projects M-ERA-NET/0004/2015-PAIRED and UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund), co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020. The FCT Grant to CMG (SFRH/BD/145855/2019) and project PEst-OE/UID/AGR/04033/2019 (CITAB strategic fund) are also acknowledged.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Atividade tripanocida de flavonoides e limonoides isolados de extratos ativos de plantas de Myrsinaceae e Meliaceae

The activity of crude extracts of three Rapanea species (Myrsinaceae) and Cipadessa fruticosa (Meliaceae) was evaluated in vitro against the trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Thirty-three extracts from different organs of these species were assayed and eleven of them showed significant activity (lysis % >50). The fractionation of an active extract from branches of R. lancifolia (99.5%) led to the isolation of two flavonoids: quercetin and taxifolin, which have weak trypanocidal activity. Additionally, one active extract from fruits of C. fruticosa (97.7%) afforded mexicanolide limonoids: cipadesin, mexicanolide, febrifugin and cipadesin A, that were slightly active on T. cruzi. Moreover, other two flavonoids (flavone and 7-methoxyflavone), previously assayed against T. cruzi, were isolated from the hexane extract from branches of C. fruticosa (100%). The results presented here suggest that the plants evaluated could be a source of new active compounds against T. cruzi.A atividade de extratos brutos de três espécies de Rapanea (Myrsinaceae) e de Cipadessa fruticosa (Meliaceae) foi avaliada in vitro contra formas tripomastigotas de Trypanosoma cruzi. Foram obtidos 33 extratos de diferentes órgãos das espécies estudadas, sendo que onze deles apresentaram atividades significantes (% de lise > 50) nos ensaios realizados. O fracionamento de um extrato ativo dos galhos de R. lancifolia (99,5%) resultou no isolamento de dois flavonoides (quercetina e taxifolina), que apresentaram baixa atividade tripanocida. De um extrato ativo dos frutos de C. fruticosa (97,7%) foram isolados os limonoides mexicanolídeos cipadesina, mexicanolídeo, febrifugina e cipadesina A, que foram moderadamente ativos sobre T. cruzi. Além disso, outros dois flavonoides (flavona e 7-metoxiflavona), previamente ensaiados contra T. cruzi, foram isolados do extrato hexânico dos galhos de C. fruticosa (100%). Os resultados obtidos aqui sugerem que as plantas avaliadas podem constituir fontes de novas substâncias ativas sobre o T. cruzi.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES)FINEP - Financiadora de Estudos e Projeto