Comparing Foraging Niches Of Newly Sympatric Bumble Bees In Alpine Habitats Of Colorado

Global climate change has facilitated upward range shifts of bumble bees in mountainous habitats worldwide, increasing species richness and competition for floral resources. Competition for flowers is predicted to occur between bees with similar traits relevant to foraging, especially tongue length. I assessed competition between two newly sympatric short-tongued bees: Bombus sylvicola, a native alpine bee, and B. bifarius, a subalpine species that has become prevalent above treeline. I allowed individuals to forage on inflorescence arrays comprised of seven species of bee-pollinated alpine plants. All measures of preference reflected overlapping diet niches for B. sylvicola and B. bifarius. Mean visitation frequencies to the seven plant species were nearly identical for both bumble bees, as were inflorescence foraging times and floral species fidelity during transitions. Results suggest that the arrival of B. bifarius above treeline has resulted in competition between the morphologically similar bees for available floral resources

Draft Environmental Report on The Gambia

Prepared by the Arid Lands Information Center, Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona ; Dr. James R. Silliman, compiler.National Park Service Contract No. CX-0001-0-0003 with U.S. Man and the Biosphere Secretariat, Department of State, Washington, D.C

Draft Environmental Report on Cape Verde

Prepared by the Arid Lands Information Center, Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona ; Dr. James R. Silliman, compiler.National Park Service Contract No. CX-0001-0-0003 with U.S. Man and the Biosphere Secretariat, Department of State, Washington, D.C

Draft Environmental Profile of The Republic of Costa Rica

Prepared by the Arid Lands Information Center, Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona ; Dr. James Silliman, compiler.AID RSSA SA/TOA 77-1, National Park Service Contract No. CX-0001-0-0003 with U.S. Man and the Biosphere Secretariat, Department of State, Washington, D.C

Draft Environmental Profile of Honduras

Prepared by James Silliman, Peter Hazelwood, Arid Lands Information Center

The effects of elevated temperature and dissolved ?CO2 on a marine foundation species

Understanding how climate change and other environmental stressors will affect species is a fundamental concern of modern ecology. Indeed, numerous studies have documented how climate stressors affect species distributions and population persistence. However, relatively few studies have investigated how multiple climate stressors might affect species. In this study, we investigate the impacts of how two climate change factors affect an important foundation species. Specifically, we tested how ocean acidification from dissolution of CO2 and increased sea surface temperatures affect multiple characteristics of juvenile eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). We found strong impacts of each stressor, but no interaction between the two. Simulated warming to mimic heat stressed summers reduced oyster growth, survival, and filtration rates. Additionally, we found that CO2-induced acidification reduced strength of oyster shells, which could potentially facilitate crab predation. As past studies have detected few impacts of these stressors on adult oysters, these results indicate that early life stages of calcareous marine organisms may be more susceptible to effects of ocean acidification and global warming. Overall, these data show that predicted changes in temperature and CO2 can differentially influence direct effects on individual species, which could have important implications for the nature of their trophic interactions

The effects of elevated temperature and dissolved Ï CO 2 on a marine foundation species

Understanding how climate change and other environmental stressors will affect spe- cies is a fundamental concern of modern ecology. Indeed, numerous studies have documented how climate stressors affect species distributions and population persis- tence. However, relatively few studies have investigated how multiple climate stress- ors might affect species. In this study, we investigate the impacts of how two climate change factors affect an important foundation species. Specifically, we tested how ocean acidification from dissolution of CO2 and increased sea surface temperatures affect multiple characteristics of juvenile eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). We found strong impacts of each stressor, but no interaction between the two. Simulated warming to mimic heat stressed summers reduced oyster growth, survival, and filtra- tion rates. Additionally, we found that CO2-induced acidification reduced strength of oyster shells, which could potentially facilitate crab predation. As past studies have detected few impacts of these stressors on adult oysters, these results indicate that early life stages of calcareous marine organisms may be more susceptible to effects of ocean acidification and global warming. Overall, these data show that predicted changes in temperature and CO2 can differentially influence direct effects on individ- ual species, which could have important implications for the nature of their trophic interactions

The effects of elevated temperature and dissolved ÏCO2 on a marine foundation species

Understanding how climate change and other environmental stressors will affect species is a fundamental concern of modern ecology. Indeed , numerous studies have documented how climate stressors affect species distributions and population persistence. However , relatively few studies have investigated how multiple climate stressors might affect species. In this study , we investigate the impacts of how two climate change factors affect an important foundation species. Specifically , we tested how ocean acidification from dissolution of CO2 and increased sea surface temperatures affect multiple characteristics of juvenile eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). We found strong impacts of each stressor , but no interaction between the two. Simulated warming to mimic heat stressed summers reduced oyster growth , survival , and filtration rates. Additionally , we found that CO2-induced acidification reduced strength of oyster shells , which could potentially facilitate crab predation. As past studies have detected few impacts of these stressors on adult oysters , these results indicate that early life stages of calcareous marine organisms may be more susceptible to effects of ocean acidification and global warming. Overall , these data show that predicted changes in temperature and CO2 can differentially influence direct effects on individual species , which could have important implications for the nature of their trophic interactions

The effects of elevated temperature and dissolved ? CO 2 on a marine foundation species

Understanding how climate change and other environmental stressors will affect spe- cies is a fundamental concern of modern ecology. Indeed, numerous studies have documented how climate stressors affect species distributions and population persis- tence. However, relatively few studies have investigated how multiple climate stress- ors might affect species. In this study, we investigate the impacts of how two climate change factors affect an important foundation species. Specifically, we tested how ocean acidification from dissolution of CO2 and increased sea surface temperatures affect multiple characteristics of juvenile eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). We found strong impacts of each stressor, but no interaction between the two. Simulated warming to mimic heat stressed summers reduced oyster growth, survival, and filtra- tion rates. Additionally, we found that CO2-induced acidification reduced strength of oyster shells, which could potentially facilitate crab predation. As past studies have detected few impacts of these stressors on adult oysters, these results indicate that early life stages of calcareous marine organisms may be more susceptible to effects of ocean acidification and global warming. Overall, these data show that predicted changes in temperature and CO2 can differentially influence direct effects on individ- ual species, which could have important implications for the nature of their trophic interactions