Simplified actor analysis for a case of developing renewable energy

Domestic fuels and renewables constitute less than 5% in the fuel balance of the Sverdlovsk region. However, the potential of renewables, including biomass, is higher. Some rural cottages and villages can be supplied with renewables placed around them. This paper describes the main actors in the field of developing renewable energy in the Sverdlovsk region, gives their classification (individual micro-scale consumers, joined small and mid-scale consumers, and other “actors”) and presents their desired behaviour. As a conclusion, the paper offers one of the possible ways to force the development of renewable energy by using an “inverse infrastructure” approach. © 2014 WIT Press.International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning;WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environmen

Cooper pairing of electrons and holes in graphene bilayer: Correlation effects

Cooper pairing of spatially separated electrons and holes in graphene bilayer is studied beyond the mean-field approximation. Suppression of the screening at large distances, caused by appearance of the gap, is considered self-consistently. A mutual positive feedback between appearance of the gap and enlargement of the interaction leads to a sharp transition to correlated state with greatly increased gap above some critical value of the coupling strength. At coupling strength below the critical, this correlation effect increases the gap approximately by a factor of two. The maximal coupling strength achievable in experiments is close to the critical value. This indicated importance of correlation effects in closely-spaced graphene bilayers at weak substrate dielectric screening. Another effect beyond mean-field approximation considered is an influence of vertex corrections on the pairing, which is shown to be very weak.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures; some references were adde

True Dielectric and Ideal Conductor in Theory of the Dielectric Function for Coulomb System

On the basis of the exact relations the general formula for the static dielectric permittivity e(q,0) for Coulomb system is found in the region of small wave vectors q. The obtained formuladescribes the dielectric function e(q,0) of the Coulomb system in both states in the "metallic" state and in the "dielectric" one. The parameter which determines possible states of the Coulomb system - from the "true" dielectric till the "ideal" conductor is found. The exact relation for the pair correlation function for two-component system of electrons and nuclei g_ei(r) is found for the arbitrary thermodynamic parameters.Comment: 5 pages, no figure

Theory of transverse spin dynamics in a polarized Fermi liquid and an itinerant ferromagnet

The linear equations for transverse spin dynamics in a weakly polarized degenerate Fermi liquid with arbitrary relationship between temperature and polarization are derived from Landau-Silin phenomenological kinetic equation with general form of two-particle collision integral. Unlike the previous treatment where Fermi velocity and density of states have been taken as constants independent of polarization here we made derivation free from this assumption. The obtained equations are applicable for description of spin dynamics in paramagnetic Fermi liquid with finite polarization as well in an itinerant ferromagnet. In both cases transverse spin wave frequency is found to be proportional to the square of the wave vector with complex constant of proportionality (diffusion coefficient) such that the damping has a finite value at T=0. The polarization dependence of the diffusion coefficient is found to be different for a polarized Fermi liquid and for an itinerant ferromagnet. These conclusions are confirmed by derivation of transverse spin wave dispersion law in frame of field theoretical methods from the integral equation for the vortex function. It is shown that similar derivation taking into consideration the divergency of static transverse susceptibility also leads to the same attenuating spin wave spectrum.Comment: 7 pages, no figure

Field Theoretic Description of Ultrarelativistic Electron-Positron Plasmas

Ultrarelativistic electron-positron plasmas can be produced in high-intensity laser fields and play a role in various astrophysical situations. Their properties can be calculated using QED at finite temperature. Here we will use perturbative QED at finite temperature for calculating various important properties, such as the equation of state, dispersion relations of collective plasma modes of photons and electrons, Debye screening, damping rates, mean free paths, collision times, transport coefficients, and particle production rates, of ultrarelativistic electron-positron plasmas. In particular, we will focus on electron-positron plasmas produced with ultra-strong lasers.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, published versio

Comment on ``Damping of energetic gluons and quarks in high-temperature QCD''

Burgess and Marini have recently pointed out that the leading contribution to the damping rate of energetic gluons and quarks in the QCD plasma, given by $\gamma=c g^2\ln(1/g)T$, can be obtained by simple arguments obviating the need of a fully resummed perturbation theory as developed by Braaten and Pisarski. Their calculation confirmed previous results of Braaten and Pisarski, but contradicted those proposed by Lebedev and Smilga. While agreeing with the general considerations made by Burgess and Marini, I correct their actual calculation of the damping rates, which is based on a wrong expression for the static limit of the resummed gluon propagator. The effect of this, however, turns out to be cancelled fortuitously by another mistake, so as to leave all of their conclusions unchanged. I also verify the gauge independence of the results, which in the corrected calculation arises in a less obvious manner.Comment: 5 page

Fermi-liquid theory of the surface impedance of a metal in a normal magnetic field

In this paper we present detailed theoretical analysis of the frequency and/or magnetic field dependence of the surface impedance of a metal at the anomalous skin effect. We calculate the surface impedance in the presence of a magnetic field directed along the normal to the metal surface. The effects of the Fermi-liquid interactions on the surface impedance are studied. It is shown that the cyclotron resonance in a normal magnetic field may be revealed {\it only and exclusively} in such metals whose Fermi surfaces include segments where its Gaussian curvature turns zero. The results could be applied to extract extra informations concerning local anomalies in the Fermi surface curvature in conventional and quasi-two-dimensional metals.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, text added and rearranged, computational details are moved into Appendice

Shielding of a moving test charge in a quantum plasma

The linearized potential of a moving test charge in a one-component fully degenerate fermion plasma is studied using the Lindhard dielectric function. The motion is found to greatly enhance the Friedel oscillations behind the charge, especially for velocities larger than a half of the Fermi velocity, in which case the asymptotic behavior of their amplitude changes from 1/r^3 to 1/r^2.5. In the absence of the quantum recoil (tunneling) the potential reduces to a form similar to that in a classical Maxwellian plasma, with a difference being that the plasma oscillations behind the charge at velocities larger than the Fermi velocity are not Landau-damped.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures. v3: Fixed typo, updated abstrac

Linear theory of nonlocal transport in a magnetized plasma

A system of nonlocal electron-transport equations for small perturbations in a magnetized plasma is derived using the systematic closure procedure of V. Yu. Bychenkov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4405 (1995). Solution to the linearized kinetic equation with a Landau collision operator is obtained in the diffusive approximation. The Fourier components of the longitudinal, oblique, and transversal electron fluxes are found in an explicit form for quasistatic conditions in terms of the generalized forces: the gradients of density and temperature, and the electric field. The full set of nonlocal transport coefficients is given and discussed. Nonlocality of transport enhances electron fluxes across magnetic field above the values given by strongly collisional local theory. Dispersion and damping of magnetohydrodynamic waves in weakly collisional plasmas is discussed. Nonlocal transport theory is applied to the problem of temperature relaxation across the magnetic field in a laser hot spot.Comment: 27 pages, 13 figure