Verified and potential pathogens of predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Several species of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae), including species of the genera Amblyseius, Galendromus, Metaseiulus, Neoseiulus, Phytoseiulus and Typhlodromus, are currently reared for biological control of various crop pests and/or as model organisms for the study of predator¿prey interactions. Pathogen-free phytoseiid mites are important to obtain high efficacy in biological pest control and to get reliable data in mite research, as pathogens may affect the performance of their host or alter their reproduction and behaviour. Potential and verified pathogens have been reported for phytoseiid mites during the past 25 years. The present review provides an overview, including potential pathogens with unknown host effects (17 reports), endosymbiotic Wolbachia (seven reports), other bacteria (including Cardinium and Spiroplasma) (four reports), cases of unidentified diseases (three reports) and cases of verified pathogens (six reports). From the latter group four reports refer to Microsporidia, one to a fungus and one to a bacterium. Only five entities have been studied in detail, including Wolbachia infecting seven predatory mite species, other endosymbiotic bacteria infecting Metaseiulus (Galendromus, Typhlodromus) occidentalis (Nesbitt), the bacterium Acaricomes phytoseiuli infecting Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, the microsporidium Microsporidium phytoseiuli infecting P. persimilis and the microsporidium Oligosproridium occidentalis infecting M. occidentalis. In four cases (Wolbachia, A. phytoseiuli, M. phytoseiuli and O. occidentalis) an infection may be connected with fitness costs of the host. Moreover, infection is not always readily visible as no obvious gross symptoms are present. Monitoring of these entities on a routine and continuous basis should therefore get more attention, especially in commercial mass-production. Special attention should be paid to field-collected mites before introduction into the laboratory or mass rearing, and to mites that are exchanged among rearing facilities. However, at present general pathogen monitoring is not yet practical as effects of many entities are unknown. More research effort is needed concerning verified and potential pathogens of commercially reared arthropods and those used as model organisms in research

The symbolic meaning of a tattoo. Opinions of young Poles and visual analysis of selected examples.

Praca jest o symbolicznym znaczeniu tatuażu. We wstępie została opisana kultura symboliczna oraz to, jaką jej część stanowi tatuaż. Opisano genezę, historię tatuażu oraz jego znaczenie w różnych kulturach. W kolejnym rozdziale zostały przybliżone najpopularniejsze style oraz techniki wykonywania tatuażu. W trzecim rozdziale zostały także opisane wykorzystane metody, techniki oraz narzędzia badawcze . Postawiona hipoteza została rozwiązana za pomocą analizy materiałów wizualnych oraz wywiadów w kolejnym rozdziale.The thesis is about the symbolic meaning of a tattoo. The introduction describes the symbolic culture and what part of it is a tattoo. The genesis, history of the tattoo and its significance in various cultures were described. The next chapter introduces the most popular styles and techniques for tattooing. In third chapter we are also described used methods, techniques and research tools. The hypothesis was solved by analyzing visual materials and interviews in next chapter

Correlation functions in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory

In this thesis we consider the planar maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. First, we look at the correlation function of a null Wilson loop with four edges and a local operator at weak coupling. We use the Lagrangian insertion technique to find the integral representation up to two loops. Performing the integrals with a method closely linked to the dual space formalism for the scattering amplitudes, we explicitly compute the two loop result. We demonstrate the connection between the calculated observable and the cusp anomalous dimension by recovering the three loop value of the cusp anomalous dimension. We also explore the advantages of expressing the loop integrand in twistor variables. The second observable we look at is the four point correlation function of the BMN operators on a line at strong coupling. In order to access this regime we perform a semi-classical computation in the classical string theory. Considering area of an extended minimal surface stretched between the four operators, we find two different saddle points. We show that the extended minimal surface is sub-dominant to the saddle point composed of three geodesic strings joining the four operators in a sequence. The result is that, to the leading order at strong coupling, the considered correlation function is equal to its tree-level value when all operators are on a line.</p

Analyzing the aspects of packaging at XYZ Company

Includes bibliographical references

Managing the digitization process in museums

W pracy autor, bada proces zarządzania digitalizacją w muzeach. Proces ten składa się wielu czynników, które zostały w tej pracy przedstawione oraz opisane. Poruszona jest także kwestia zagadnień blisko związanych z digitalizacją, takich jak wirtualne muzea. Autor opisuje także zjawisko zarządzania procesowego. Badania do pracy zostały przeprowadzone zgodnie z procedurą badań jakościowych, przy wykorzystaniu techniki wywiadów. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w trzech Krakowskich muzeach – Muzeum Krakowa, Muzeum Fotografii w, Krakowie, Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie.In this work, the author, describes the phenomenon of the digitization process in museums. This process consists of many factors, which are presented and described in this work. Issues closely related to digitization, such as virtual museums, are also addressed. The author also describes the phenomenon of process management. The research for the work was carried out according to the qualitative research procedure, using interviews. The research was conducted in three Krakow museums - the Museum of Krakow, the Museum of Photography in Krakow, and the National Museum in Krakow