Os pais e a vida escolar dos filhos

Orientador: Luiz Carlos de FreitasTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de EducaçãoDoutorad

Uma escola em Betel : relações, praticas, alunos, familias e professoras - 1997 a 2000

Orientador: Jose Luis SanfeliceDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de EducaçãoResumo: O objeto desta dissertação é o estudo da história de uma escola de Ensino Fundamental (1ª à 4ª série), nos anos de 1997 a 2000, no bairro de Betel (Paulínia-SP). Visa registrar o trabalho desenvolvido por suas professoras em função da educação voltada às classes populares. As professoras consideraram e estudaram os alunos da escola em dois aspectos: a classe social à qual pertenciam, através da aproximação com suas famílias, e a análise de cada criança em suas particularidades. Analisaram e estudaram regularmente as práticas escolares em seus resultados, frente aos objetivos definidos no projeto político pedagógico da escola. As condições objetivas e as subjetivas, criadas pelas professoras, são aqui analisadas, procurando-se dar visibilidade às características das crianças e suas famílias, e mostrar como, hoje, as professoras vêm os resultados obtidos com seus alunos. O estudo faz, também, o entrelaçamento entre a análise da sociedade no seu aspecto global e como esta reflete na conjuntura local, além da relação dialética do trabalho das professoras com a cultura escolar, a resistência e o não-consentimento frente à política educacional. Em Betel, a educação de cada criança foi possível por terem sido consideradas em sua humanidade, como pessoa particular e como pertencente a uma classesocialAbstract: The aim of this work is the study of the history of a primary school (1st to 4th grade), between the years 1997 and 2000 in the district of Betel. It aims to report the work developed by its teachers in terms of the education aimed at the underpriviledged classes. The teachers were concerned with and studied the students in two aspects: the social class they belonged to, through the contact with their families, and the analysis of each child in their particularities. The school practices were studied and analysed in their results vis-à-vis the objectives outlined in the school political-pedagogic project. Objective and subjective conditions produced by the teachers are analysed, while an attempt is made to focus on the characteristics of the children and their families, showing how, today, the teachers see the results obtained with their students. The study also intertwines the analysis of society in its global aspect and how it reflects on the local setting, in addition to the dialectic relationship among the work of the teachers, the school¿s culture, the resistance and unacceptance of the official educational policy. In Betel, the education of each child was possible since they were considered in their humanity, as a particular person and belonging to a social classMestradoHistoria, Filosofia e EducaçãoMestre em Educaçã

A construção de um projeto politico pedagogico : registro e analise de uma experiencia

Orientador: Luiz Carlos de FreitasDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de EducaçãoMestrad

Implications of Deep Electrode Insertion on Cochlear Implant Fitting

Using long Med-El Combi40+ electrode arrays, it is now possible to cover the whole range of the cochlea, up to about two turns. Such insertion depths have received little attention. To evaluate the contribution of deeply inserted electrodes, five Med-El cochlear implant users were tested on vowel and consonant identification tests with fittings with first one, two, and up to five apical electrodes being deactivated. In addition, subjects performed pitch-ranking experiments, using loudness-balanced stimuli, to identify electrodes creating pitch confusions. Radiographs were taken to measure each electrode insertion depth. All subjects used each modified fitting for two periods of about 3weeks. During the experiment, the same stimulation rate and frequency range were maintained across all the fittings used for each individual subject. After each trial period the subject had to perform three consonant and three vowel identification tests. All subjects showed deep electrode insertions ranging from 605° to 720°. The two subjects with the deepest electrode insertions showed significantly increased vowel- and consonant-identification performances with fittings with the two or three most apical electrodes deactivated compared to their standard fitting with all available electrodes activated. The other three subjects did not show significant improvements in performance when one or two of their most apical electrodes were deactivated. Four out of five subjects preferred to continue use of a fitting with one or more apical electrodes deactivated. The two subjects with the deepest insertions also showed pitch confusions between their most apical electrodes. Two possible reasons for these results are discussed. One is to reduce neural interactions related to electrodes producing pitch confusions. Another is to improve the alignment of the frequency components of sounds coded by the electrical signals delivered to each electrode to the overall pitch of the auditory perception produced by the electrical stimulation of auditory nerve fiber

Maintenance of cell type-specific connectivity and circuit function requires Tao kinase

Sensory circuits are typically established during early development, yet how circuit specificity and function are maintained during organismal growth has not been elucidated. To gain insight we quantitatively investigated synaptic growth and connectivity in the Drosophila nociceptive network during larval development. We show that connectivity between primary nociceptors and their downstream neurons scales with animal size. We further identified the conserved Ste20-like kinase Tao as a negative regulator of synaptic growth required for maintenance of circuit specificity and connectivity. Loss of Tao kinase resulted in exuberant postsynaptic specializations and aberrant connectivity during larval growth. Using functional imaging and behavioral analysis we show that loss of Tao-induced ectopic synapses with inappropriate partner neurons are functional and alter behavioral responses in a connection-specific manner. Our data show that fine-tuning of synaptic growth by Tao kinase is required for maintaining specificity and behavioral output of the neuronal network during animal growth

Perfil sensorial de pêssegos 'Douradão' armazenados sob refrigeração e atmosfera controlada

The sensory quality of 'Douradão' peaches cold stored in three different conditions of controlled atmosphere (CA1, CA2, CA3 and Control) was studied. After 14, 21 and 28 days of cold storage, samples were withdrawn from CA and kept for 4 days in ambient air for ripening. The sensory profile of the peaches and the descriptive terminology were developed by methodology based on the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). The panelists consensually defined the sensory descriptors, their respective reference materials and the descriptive evaluation ballot. Fourteen panelists were selected based on their discrimination capacity and reproducibility. Seven descriptors were generated showing similarities and differences between samples. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey test and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results showed significant differences in the sensory profiles of the peaches. The PCA showed that CA2 and CA3 treatments were more characterized by the fresh peach flavor, fresh peach appearance, juiciness and flesh firmness, and were effective in keeping the good quality of the 'Douradão' peaches during the 28 days of cold storage. The Control and CA1 treatments were characterized by the mealiness and were ineffective for quality maintenance of the fruits during cold storage.A qualidade sensorial de pêssegos 'Douradão' estocados sob refrigeração em três diferentes condições de atmosfera controlada (AC1, AC2, AC3 e Controle) foi estudada. Após 14, 21 e 28 dias de estocagem refrigerada, amostras foram retiradas da AC e mantidas durante 4 dias em ar ambiente para completar o amadurecimento. Os perfis sensoriais dos pêssegos e a terminologia descritiva foram desenvolvidos baseados na Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ). Os provadores, consensualmente, definiram os descritores sensoriais, seus respectivos materiais de referência e a ficha de avaliação descritiva. Quatorze provadores foram selecionados de acordo com sua capacidade de discriminação e reprodutibilidade. Sete descritores foram gerados, mostrando similaridades e diferenças entre as amostras. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA, teste de Tukey e Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas nos perfis sensoriais dos pêssegos. A ACP mostrou que os tratamentos AC2 e AC3 foram mais caracterizados pelo sabor de pêssego fresco, aparência de pêssego fresco, suculência e firmeza da polpa, e foram efetivos na manutenção da boa qualidade dos pêssegos 'Douradão' durante 28 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. Os tratamentos AC1 e Controle foram caracterizados pela lanosidade e foram ineficientes na manutenção da qualidade dos frutos frigoconservados.238246Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Acoustic to Electric Pitch Comparisons in Cochlear Implant Subjects with Residual Hearing

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency-position function resulting from electric stimulation of electrodes in cochlear implant subjects with significant residual hearing in their nonimplanted ear. Six cochlear implant users compared the pitch of the auditory sensation produced by stimulation of an intracochlear electrode to the pitch of acoustic pure tones presented to their contralateral nonimplanted ear. Subjects were implanted with different Clarion® electrode arrays, designed to lie close to the inner wall of the cochlea. High-resolution radiographs were used to determine the electrode positions in the cochlea. Four out of six subjects presented electrode insertions deeper than 450°. We used a two-interval (one acoustic, one electric), two-alternative forced choice protocol (2I-2AFC), asking the subject to indicate which stimulus sounded the highest in pitch. Pure tones were used as acoustic stimuli. Electric stimuli consisted of trains of biphasic pulses presented at relatively high rates [higher than 700 pulses per second (pps)]. First, all electric stimuli were balanced in loudness across electrodes. Second, acoustic pure tones, chosen to approximate roughly the pitch sensation produced by each electrode, were balanced in loudness to electric stimuli. When electrode insertion lengths were used to describe electrode positions, the pitch sensations produced by electric stimulation were found to be more than two octaves lower than predicted by Greenwood's frequency-position function. When insertion angles were used to describe electrode positions, the pitch sensations were found about one octave lower than the frequency-position function of a normal ear. The difference found between both descriptions is because of the fact that these electrode arrays were designed to lie close to the modiolus. As a consequence, the site of excitation produced at the level of the organ of Corti corresponds to a longer length than the electrode insertion length, which is used in Greenwood's function. Although exact measurements of the round window position as well as the length of the cochlea could explain the remaining one octave difference found when insertion angles were used, physiological phenomena (e.g., stimulation of the spiral ganglion cells) could also create this difference. From these data, analysis filters could be determined in sound coding strategies to match the pitch percepts elicited by electrode stimulation. This step might be of main importance for music perception and for the fitting of bilateral cochlear implant

Guidelines and recommendations on yeast cell death nomenclature

Elucidating the biology of yeast in its full complexity has major implications for science, medicine and industry. One of the most critical processes determining yeast life and physiology is cellular demise. However, the investigation of yeast cell death is a relatively young field, and a widely accepted set of concepts and terms is still missing. Here, we propose unified criteria for the definition of accidental, regulated, and programmed forms of cell death in yeast based on a series of morphological and biochemical criteria. Specifically, we provide consensus guidelines on the differential definition of terms including apoptosis, regulated necrosis, and autophagic cell death, as we refer to additional cell death routines that are relevant for the biology of (at least some species of) yeast. As this area of investigation advances rapidly, changes and extensions to this set of recommendations will be implemented in the years to come. Nonetheless, we strongly encourage the authors, reviewers and editors of scientific articles to adopt these collective standards in order to establish an accurate framework for yeast cell death research and, ultimately, to accelerate the progress of this vibrant field of research

Do Avaliar a Aprendizagem ao Avaliar Para a Aprendizagem: por uma nova cultura avaliativa

Este ensaio discute a avaliação, categoria que ganhou centralidade nas reformas educacionais do final dos anos 90 no Brasil, analisando o seu papel numa escola cuja lógica opera em consonância com a lógica da sociedade capitalista na qual está inserida. Apresenta e discute as diferentes concepções de qualidade e avaliação na relação com seus objetivos. O texto propõe um repensar a avaliação na escola por todos os sujeitos envolvidos no processo educativo – famílias, professores, gestores – com a adesão a novos modelos pertinentes com a construção coletiva de práticas avaliativas escolares que caminhem da avaliação seletiva e excludente para a avaliação formativa que promova o desenvolvimento humano e a qualidade social da educação de todas e de cada criança