Vulnerability in consumption, education, and health - evidence from Moldova during the Russian crisis

The authors analyze the widespread effects of the financial crisis in Russia to explore the vulnerabilities of households in Moldova. They show that the crisis had differential impacts on households, affecting most the urban and better-off. Households'decisions about education and health resulted in decreased utilization and expenditures. The enrollment of young children from better-off households did not improve while others did. Secondary school enrollment of children from better-off households decreased after the crisis, in part because of the need to release labor supply. Health utilization decreased mainly for primary health care (not for hospitals), both for better-off households and in rural areas. Some of these changes are due to limited household resources (health), decreased public spending (health and education) or the need to increase households'labor supply (education of teenagers). Social benefits played a very limited role in mitigating these effects, solely in health care use. Households'assets helped to offset some of the negative effects of declining incomes.Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Housing&Human Habitats,Public Health Promotion,Economic Theory&Research,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Housing&Human Habitats,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Inequality

Active learning in annotating micro-blogs dealing with e-reputation

Elections unleash strong political views on Twitter, but what do people really think about politics? Opinion and trend mining on micro blogs dealing with politics has recently attracted researchers in several fields including Information Retrieval and Machine Learning (ML). Since the performance of ML and Natural Language Processing (NLP) approaches are limited by the amount and quality of data available, one promising alternative for some tasks is the automatic propagation of expert annotations. This paper intends to develop a so-called active learning process for automatically annotating French language tweets that deal with the image (i.e., representation, web reputation) of politicians. Our main focus is on the methodology followed to build an original annotated dataset expressing opinion from two French politicians over time. We therefore review state of the art NLP-based ML algorithms to automatically annotate tweets using a manual initiation step as bootstrap. This paper focuses on key issues about active learning while building a large annotated data set from noise. This will be introduced by human annotators, abundance of data and the label distribution across data and entities. In turn, we show that Twitter characteristics such as the author's name or hashtags can be considered as the bearing point to not only improve automatic systems for Opinion Mining (OM) and Topic Classification but also to reduce noise in human annotations. However, a later thorough analysis shows that reducing noise might induce the loss of crucial information.Comment: Journal of Interdisciplinary Methodologies and Issues in Science - Vol 3 - Contextualisation digitale - 201

Territories and governance, a research-action actor's point of view

International audienceOnce repositioned four different experiences in relation to issues of governance, in a first step, we shall come back very briefly on our initial and very traditional approach of the governance and of the relationships between actors. Then, drawing on the four axes of analysis suggested by A. Dauphine, presenting different situations encountered, we will propose an other way we used to better understand governance by and for observation a complex system: the territory

Design of plastics injection molds for short-run production: a rapid prototyping approach

The main objective of this research project was to define rules and guidelines to design or redesign plastics injection molds for short-run production. In order to accomplish this goal, several rapid prototyping technologies were analyzed for possible applications to this field. This study also lead to the design and construction of a modular mold base for flexible fixturing of mold plates. To demonstrate and confirm the rules defined, two types of experimental molds were built and tested. In the first case, the part and the mold were concurrently redesigned for rapid CNC machining. In the second case, an innovative manufacturing technique that combines machining and casting was used to fabricate the mold. The results obtained from these experimental prototypes and tests show that the design rules work and can be applied to particular cases. The conclusions mention several new research ideas in the field of mold making and rapid tooling

Du territoire au territoire par l'observation, prendre en compte la diversité des territoires et adapter les méthodes et les outils aux nouvelles demandes

International audienceWe propose a conceptual and graphical model of the territory built from an empirical intuitive and deductive approach of systemic paradigm of territorialization. This model is based on an individualized approach before being extended to the collective level. It is first seen in the context of the evolution of the concept in scientific thinking. Then, we introduce it in understanding the dynamics of the territory, under the paradigm of territorial intelligence, through observation and observatories that we adapt to the context of governance systems at different scales.Nous proposons un modèle conceptuel et graphique de territoire construit à partir d'une approche empirique, intuitive et déductive du paradigme systémique de territorialisation. Ce modèle s'appuie sur une approche individualisée avant d'être étendu au collectif. Il est d'abord replacé dans le contexte de l'évolution du concept dans les pensées scientifiques. Puis, nous l'introduisons dans la compréhension des dynamiques territoriales, vues sous l'angle de l'intelligence territoriale à travers l'observation et des observatoires que nous faisons évoluer dans le cadre de systèmes de gouvernance à plusieurs échelles

How the local governance system is influenced by the creation of an observatory: the OSER 70 experiment.

International audienceThe new tools now available to territorial intelligence cannot but take into account the various time and space scales. Setting up a socio-economic observatory - operating as a regional network- allowed us to state again and outline more accurately the issues pertaining to the notions of territory and observation. Our study remained constantly focused on a major preoccupation: the actor should always be at the heart of a local project and governance system

Territoires de projet en Franche-Comté : visite au coeur des relations entre acteurs locaux

Pour gagner en efficacité, les communes - héritières des paroisses - ont regroupé leurs moyens, d'abord en syndicats puis en communautés de communes ou d'agglomération. Les Pays sont nés de la volonté du législateur de créer de véritables territoires de projet, fondés sur une volonté locale avec pour but d'instaurer une solidarité entre espaces ruraux et espaces urbains. Certains espaces intermédiaires, tel le Grand Besançon, auraient vocation à devenir Pays ; pour autant de nouvelles données apparaissent, bouleversent ce schéma et font appel à un changement d'échelle d'intervention

" Oser 70 " une nouvelle approche de l'action territoriale

Oser 70 (Observatoire socio économique en réseau de la Haute- Saône) est un outil qui permet aux acteurs territoriaux d'accéder efficacement et en temps réel à l'information spatiale. Mis en place par le Conseil général de Haute-Saône, son élaboration a été entreprise pour permettre aux élus et aux techniciens des organismes locaux de bien cibler les informations dont ils ont besoin puis de le aider à les acquéri

On some properties of CV_{(0)}(X, A)

Let X be a completely regular Hausdorff space and V a Nachbin family on X. For a locally convex algebra A, let CV(0)(X, A) be the algebra of all weighted vector-valued continuous functions with the topology given by the uniform seminorms induced by V . In this paper we study some properties of A that are inherited by CV(0)(X, A). These properties are related to the unit element, spectral seminorms and uniformly A-convex property

Frontière et mobilité résidentielle : Le cas de l'Arc jurassien franco-suisse

Objectif de la communication et originalité du sujet : cette communication présente les conclusions intermédiaires que nous dégageons d'un ensemble d'enquêtes réalisées en 2010 dans le cadre d'un projet soutenu par le programme Interreg IV. L'objet est de montrer dans quelle mesure les mobilités résidentielles transfrontalières ne sont pas seulement guidées par des logiques de coût de l'immobilier, mais bien par des mécanismes plus complexes qui mêlent parcours de vie et parcours professionnels et qui s'appuient sur les différentiels occasionnés par la présence d'une frontière. En ce sens les résultats sont tout à fait originaux, fondés sur des enquêtes de terrain et allant à l'encontre des idées trop souvent reçues concernant les dynamiques transfrontalières