31P solid-state NMR on skeletal muscle of wild and farmed Atlantic salmon

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Introducing NMR to Biomedical Laboratory Scientists through a Laboratory Exercise; Synthesis, Structure Determination and Quantization of Aspirin by Employing an 1 H-NMR Bench Top Instrument

In this chemical education research study, NMR was introduced to a group of 3 students with minor chemistry background. A bench top NMR instrument was used to acquire the 1H-NMR spectra. The 1H-NMR spectra were used to monitor the synthesis of ASA and product purity. The spectrum of the product confirmed its formation, and the spectra of crude and final product allowed the students to observe the elimination of impurities upon recrystallization of the product. Further, the spectrum of the final product was used to quantify the yield through integration of the proton resonances. The use of integrals of the proton resonances for calculation of the yield of ASA is to our knowledge not described elsewhere in undergraduate experiments. A procedure for the synthesis, recording and processing of 1H-NMR spectra, as well as calculation of the yield is reported. This procedure can be implemented by undergraduate or by high school students and might as well be useful for instructors who wants to introduce NMR spectroscopy early in the curriculum of Chemistry. By including an exercise like this, the students get hands on experience to employ advanced technology that might be commonly used in the future, also in Hospital laboratories. Furthermore, it is useful to introduce one of the most demanding and advanced methods in chemistry as early as possible in the curriculum in Chemistry to promote the chemistry career

Effects and Location of Coplanar and Noncoplanar PCB in a Lipid Bilayer: A Solid-State NMR Study

Coplanar and noncoplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known to have different routes and degree of toxicity. Here, the effects of noncoplanar PCB 52 and coplanar PCB 77 present at 2 mol % in a model system consisting of POPC liposomes (50% hydrated) are investigated by solid-state ¹³C and ³¹P NMR at 298 K. Both PCBs intercalate horizontally in the outer part of the bilayer, near the segments of the acyl chain close to the glycerol group. Despite similar membrane locations, the coplanar PCB 77 shows little effect on the bilayer properties overall, except for the four nearest neighboring lipids, while the effect of PCB 52 is more dramatic. The first ∼2 layers of lipids around each PCB 52 in the bilayer form a high fluidity lamellar phase, whereas lipids beyond these layers form a lamellar phase with a slight increase in fluidity compared to a bilayer without PCB 52. Further, a third high mobility domain is observed. The explanation for this is the interference of several high fluidity lamellar phases caused by interactions of PCB 52 molecules in different leaflets of the model bilayer. This causes formation of high curvature toroidal region in the bilayer and might induce formation of channels

31P solid-state NMR on skeletal muscle of wild and farmed Atlantic salmon

Over the past 50 years, 31P NMR has proven a powerful tool for obtaining information on cellular biochemistry. Here we use this technique for the first time to study intracellular phosphorous metabolites in skeletal muscle tissue of wild and farmed salmon, to investigate possible effects due to differences in diet and way of life. The wild salmon sample shows a significantly more diverse composition of metabolites compared to the farmed salmon sample. The differences are evident in the entire spectrum, including regions displaying resonances from phosphomonoesters and sugar phosphates, as well as other molecules important for phospholipid metabolism. It is demonstrated that 31P MAS NMR can be used to study a broad range of phosphorus metabolites ex vivo, which can give useful information, both on its own or as a supplement to other extraction-based analyses. Further 31P MAS NMR investigations on farmed salmon raised under different controlled conditions may give important insights into the broad array of health issues seen in farmed salmon

31P solid-state NMR on skeletal muscle of wild and farmed Atlantic salmon

Over the past 50 years, 31P NMR has proven a powerful tool for obtaining information on cellular biochemistry. Here we use this technique for the first time to study intracellular phosphorous metabolites in skeletal muscle tissue of wild and farmed salmon, to investigate possible effects due to differences in diet and way of life. The wild salmon sample shows a significantly more diverse composition of metabolites compared to the farmed salmon sample. The differences are evident in the entire spectrum, including regions displaying resonances from phosphomonoesters and sugar phosphates, as well as other molecules important for phospholipid metabolism. It is demonstrated that 31P MAS NMR can be used to study a broad range of phosphorus metabolites ex vivo, which can give useful information, both on its own or as a supplement to other extraction-based analyses. Further 31P MAS NMR investigations on farmed salmon raised under different controlled conditions may give important insights into the broad array of health issues seen in farmed salmon