КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ПЕРЕХОДУ ДО МАЛОШЛАКОВОЇ КОНВЕРТЕРНОЇ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ

The concept introduction low-slag is substantiated converter technology using resource and an energy efficient route «blast furnace – converter with combined purge» in raw material conditions Ukrainian metallurgical industry. Provided technological advantages preliminary refining hot metal in the filler bucket by injection deep into the melt powder mixtures of reagents in the flow gas-carrying through the nozzles submersible rotary lance. For results high-temperature experiments defined rational refinement regimes, type and ratio in mixtures low-cost cheap reagents.The concept is proposed energy efficient training slag cast iron to low slag converter melting through implementation desulfurization, desiliconization and dephosphorization of hot metal in the ladle injection deep into the melt powder mixtures reagents in the stream carrier gas through the nozzles submersible rotary lance.At smelting in Ukraine in accordance with the raw material base pig iron, containing 0,86-1,43% Si, 0,08-0,68% Mn, 0,022-0,065% S, 0,035-0,065% P, at the first stage technological route using elements low-slag technology converter melting it seems actual development energy efficient integrated technology refining hot metal in the ladle with the removal of silicon, sulfur and phosphorus with the use of cheap non-reagents.The use of integrated technology will allow depending on the specific conditions work of metallurgical enterprises and metal assortment to provide: improvement quality and cheapening production of pig iron in blast furnaces, including in transition conditions to injecting coal-pulverized fuel; melting in converters with combined purge for low-slag technology cheaper high quality steel; rational charges of magnesian modifiers for preparation and use the final converter slag for application on lining in order to create a protective.The authors of the work the principle opportunity is shown the use cheap non-deficit fluxes on the basis of lime (CaO) or soda (Na2CO3) as flux for complex refining of hot metal with high oxidation potential and high sulfide and phosphate capacity.Done experimental test a one-step removal method silicon to 0,15-0,20% and phosphorus to ≤0,008-0,010% by purging previously desulphurized hot metal through the submersible rotary lance oxygen jets bearers powder mixtures low-cost cheap reagents.The concept introduction low-slag is substantiated converter technology using resource and an energy efficient route «blast furnace – converter with combined purge» in raw material conditions Ukrainian metallurgical industry. Provided technological advantages preliminary refining hot metal in the filler bucket by injection deep into the melt powder mixtures of reagents in the flow gas-carrying through the nozzles submersible rotary lance. For results high-temperature experiments defined rational refinement regimes, type and ratio in mixtures low-cost cheap reagents.The concept is proposed energy efficient training slag cast iron to low slag converter melting through implementation desulfurization, desiliconization and dephosphorization of hot metal in the ladle injection deep into the melt powder mixtures reagents in the stream carrier gas through the nozzles submersible rotary lance.At smelting in Ukraine in accordance with the raw material base pig iron, containing 0,86-1,43% Si, 0,08-0,68% Mn, 0,022-0,065% S, 0,035-0,065% P, at the first stage technological route using elements low-slag technology converter melting it seems actual development energy efficient integrated technology refining hot metal in the ladle with the removal of silicon, sulfur and phosphorus with the use of cheap non-reagents.The use of integrated technology will allow depending on the specific conditions work of metallurgical enterprises and metal assortment to provide: improvement quality and cheapening production of pig iron in blast furnaces, including in transition conditions to injecting coal-pulverized fuel; melting in converters with combined purge for low-slag technology cheaper high quality steel; rational charges of magnesian modifiers for preparation and use the final converter slag for application on lining in order to create a protective.The authors of the work the principle opportunity is shown the use cheap non-deficit fluxes on the basis of lime (CaO) or soda (Na2CO3) as flux for complex refining of hot metal with high oxidation potential and high sulfide and phosphate capacity.Done experimental test a one-step removal method silicon to 0,15-0,20% and phosphorus to ≤0,008-0,010% by purging previously desulphurized hot metal through the submersible rotary lance oxygen jets bearers powder mixtures low-cost cheap reagents

ОПЫТ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОСТРАХОВАНИЯ СТРАН-УЧАСТНИЦ ТАМОЖЕННОГО СОЮЗА

The article considers development and problems of insurance market as the most important factor of sustainable development of agricultural sector in Kazakhstan in the context of the Custom Union. Insurance contributes to restoration and development of productive forces in case of technical or economic problems, reduces state expenses, inflation and improves the relation between supply and demand. Agricultural insurance is one of the most efficient mechanisms of financial protection of agricultural producers in many countries. But this market tends to be at the beginning in Kazakhstan. There is no clear legislation and standards for calculation of insurance rates and risk estimation. This requires the state support that cheapens insurance for agricultural producers by means of subsidizing insurance premium and forwards public services to information and methodological support for insurance companies. The authors consider the problems of interaction between countries-participants of the Custom Union, Single Economic Space and possible risks when joining WTO as the important modern problems. Participation in the Custom Union and Single Economic Space assumes economic benefits for every country; otherwise the countries meet the risks in development of agriculture, especially this concerns agricultural sector of Kazakhstan. This is due to natural limits on crop cultivation, raw materials, general technological situation, insufficient integration with world economy and not developed industrial and social infrastructure. The article explores experience of Russia and Belarus in the sphere of agricultural insurance. The authors make guidance on development of animal insurance in Kazakhstan.Рассматриваются динамика и проблемы развития рынка страхования как важнейшего условия устойчивого развития аграрной сферы экономики Казахстана в условиях Таможенного союза. Страхование способствует восстановлению и развитию производительных сил при возникающих технических и экономических проблемах, сокращает непредвиденные расходы государства, снижает действие инфляционного фактора, оптимизирует соотношение спроса и предложения. Во многих странах мира агрострахование является одним из самых эффективных механизмов финансовой защиты сельхозпроизводителя. Однако сейчас в Казахстане данный рынок находится в зачаточном состоянии. Отсутствует четкая законодательная база, не приняты регламенты относительно расчета страховых тарифов и  оценки рисков. В таких условиях необходима господдержка, которая позволит достичь удешевления страхования для сельскохозяйственных производителей через механизм субсидирования страховой премии, а  также включит государственные службы в  работу по предоставлению информационной и  методологической помощи страховым компаниям. В данный период актуальны проблемы взаимоотношений между государствами в условиях Таможенного союза, создания единого экономического пространства и возможных рисков при вступлении в ВТО. Для каждого государства вхождение в Таможенный союз и единое экономическое пространство предусматривает определенные экономические выгоды, однако возникают и  риски, которым особенно подвержен аграрный сектор Казахстана. Предпосылкой этому являются природные ограничения по возделыванию сельхозкультур, сырьевая направленность, общая техническая и технологическая отсталость, незначительна интеграция с мировой экономикой, неразвитая производственная и социальная инфраструктура. В статье рассмотрен опыт России и Беларуси в области агрострахования. Даны некоторые рекомендации по совершенствованию страхования сельскохозяйственных животных в Казахстане

ФОРМУВАННЯ ГАЗОМЕТАЛЕВОГО ПОТОКУ В УМОВАХ «ХІМІЧНОГО» ВАКУУМУ У СТАЛЕВИПУСКНОМУ КАНАЛІ

The results of laboratory research to determine the hydro-gas-dynamic patterns the formation of gas-metal flow at an tapping from an oxygen converter to steel ladle are given due to the injection of subsonic argon jets into the melt flow through nozzles located in the steel-tapping channel.Using the method of low-temperature simulation, determined the influence of design parameters of the proposed design of a two-chamber steel-tapping channel (length of the reaction zone, the number and location of gas nozzles) and gas consumption on the degree of organization and protection of the gas-liquid flow (GLF) when the gas blowing into the working space of the steel-tapping channel.Was obtained mathematical relation characterizing the mutual influence on the opening angle of the GLF between of the relative length of the "reaction zone" (x) and the gas flow rate through the nozzle. It is shown that when the length of the "reaction zone" decreases, an extremum occurs at lower gas consumption, and the value of "subcritical" gas consumption has a greater range. So, when the length of the "reaction zone" decreases, an extremum occurs at lower gas consumption, and the value of "subcritical" gas consumption has a greater range.The possibility of retaining the angle of disclosure of the gas-liquid flow (α) in the range of up to 5° with a relative length of the reaction zone of 0,75 has been proved. It is shown that with an increase of α from 1...3° to 10°, the efficiency of the protective action of argon (k) decreases from 0,99 to 0,72. At x = 0,75, the coefficient k is in the range of 0,89...0,99. It is established that when the critical gas flow is exceeded and x = 0,25, the value of α rises to an inadmissible 10...15°.The classification of the purges of the melt flow in the steel-tapping channel is proposed, depending on the angle of inclination of the gas jets relative to the axis of the last (γ) in accordance with which are allocated: the mode of "interruption" (γ > 78°), at which the gas jets unclosed, the formation of the gas-liquid flow does not occur; the mode of "closing" (0  78°), при якому газові струмені розімкнуті, формування газорідинного потоку не відбувається; режим «змикання» (0 < γ < 78°), при якому газові потоки об’єднані, формується газорідинний потік з розвиненою міжфазною поверхнею і високим ступенем організації, та режим «пробою» (γ = 0°), при якому подальше збільшення витрати газу, що перевищує критичну, призводить до пробою і руху газорідинного потоку у дисперсно-кільцевому режимі із зменшенням ступеня організації потоку

О цифровых платформах в современной экономике

This research paper considers digital platforms as a new phenomenon for the modern economy. It has been outlined that digital platforms are network goods, which are characterized by the double economies of scale. Additionally, there are considered onesided and cross-cutting, and direct and indirect network effects. This is highlighted that the development of platforms has an impact on the development of two-sided markets with its own features in the field of pricing and allocation of value added