Minority Influence is Facilitated When the Communication Employs Linguistic Abstractness

An experiment tested the hypothesis that minority influence is enhanced when the source of a persuasive communication employs abstract, as opposed to concrete, language. This hypothesis and the research testing it links ideas from two heretofore separate areas of inquiry: minority influence and linguistic abstraction

Education for Justice (E4J): Promoting the Rule of Law through Integrity and Ethics Education

The paper was authored by UNODC staff member Ms. Sigall Horovitz and UNODC consultant Mr. Alex Petkov who work on the development of E4J University Modules on Integrity and Ethics.In this paper, we discuss an innovative approach to teaching integrity and ethics at university level. In particular, we discuss the University Modules on Integrity and Ethics, which the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) developed under its Education for Justice (E4J) initiative. UNODC’s involvement in developing educational materials stems from the recognition that education plays a crucial role in promoting the rule of law and crime prevention. The E4J University Modules encourage lecturers from different regions and disciplines to incorporate integrity and ethics education into their programmes and courses. The paper consists of three parts. The first part introduces the new approach to global ethics education that E4J offers. The second part discusses the development of integrity and ethics modules. The third part explores their implementation and the ways in which lecturers can use the materials to promote a culture of lawfulnessSigall Horovitz: [email protected] Petkov : [email protected] Horovitz, PhD., works at the Corruption and Economic Crime Branch of UNODC, where she leads the development of university modules on Anticorruption, integrity and ethics under the Education for Justice (E4J) initiative. She also coordinates the Anti-Corruption Academic Initiative (ACAD). Dr. Horovitz previously worked at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the International Nuremberg Principles Academy, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She holds a Master of Laws (LL.M) from Columbia University, and a Doctor of Laws (LL.D) from the Hebrew University.Alex Petkov is a consultant at the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime’s Corruption and Economic Crime Branch, where he works on anti-corruption education initiatives of UNODC. He is also a PhD candidate in Economics at the University of National and World Economy (UNWE) in Sofia, Bulgaria. His research interests are in quality of governance and corruption, in particular in prevention measures such as corruption risk assessment and anti-corruption education. Alex is currently working on his doctoral dissertation on political corruption in the local authorities of Bulgaria. He has previous working experience as an intern at the International Anti-Corruption Academy and as a risks and business continuity expert at the Bulgarian National Bank.Sigall Horovitz - United Nations Office on Drugs and CrimeAlexander Petkov - United Nations Office on Drugs and CrimeUnited Nations. Sustainable Development Goals. Available at: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/development-agenda/ (13.12.2018).United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Education for Justice (E4J) Initiative. https://www.unodc.org/e4j/index.html (13.12.2018).United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2015). Doha Declaration on Integrating Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice into the Wider United Nations Agenda to Address Social and Economic Challenges and to Promote the Rule of Law at the National and International Levels and Public Participation, 19 April. Available at: https://www.unodc.org/documents/congress/Declaration/V1504151_English.pdf (13.12.2018).United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2018). Are we facing an ethics crisis? Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2GxuXxsVbE (13.12.2018).233677

Research gaps in diet and nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease. A topical review by D-ECCO Working Group (Dietitians of ECCO)

Although the current doctrine of IBD pathogenesis proposes an interaction between environmental factors with gut microbiota in genetically-susceptible individuals, dietary exposures have attracted recent interest and are, at least in part, likely to explain the rapid rise in disease incidence and prevalence. The D-ECCO working group along with other ECCO experts with expertise in nutrition, microbiology, physiology and medicine reviewed the evidence investigating the role of diet and nutritional therapy in the onset, perpetuation and management of IBD. A narrative topical review is presented where evidence pertinent to the topic is summarized collectively under three main thematic domains: i) the role of diet as an environmental factor in IBD aetiology; ii) the role of diet as induction and maintenance therapy in IBD; and iii) assessment of nutritional status and supportive nutritional therapy in IBD. A summary of research gaps for each of these thematic domains is proposed which is anticipated to be agenda setting for future research in the area of diet and nutrition in IBD

Error Disclosure Training and Organizational Culture

Objective. Our primary objective was to determine whether, after training was offered to participants, those who indicated they had received error disclosure training previously were more likely to disclose a hypothetical error and have more positive perceptions of their organizational culture pertaining to error disclosure, safety, and teamwork. Methods. Across a 3-year span, all clinical faculty from six health institutions (four medical schools, one cancer center, and one health science center) in The University of Texas System were offered the opportunity to anonymously complete an electronic survey focused on measuring error disclosure culture, safety culture, teamwork culture, and intention to disclose a hypothetical error at two time points—both before (baseline) and after (follow-up) disclosure training was conducted for a subset of faculty. Results. There were significant improvements (all p-values \u3c .05) in the follow-up surveys compared with the baseline surveys for the following domains (percent refers to percent positives before and after, respectively): minor error disclosure culture (33 percent vs. 52 percent), serious error disclosure (53 percent vs. 70 percent), safety culture (50 percent vs. 63 percent), and teamwork culture (62 percent vs. 73 percent). Follow-up survey data revealed significant differences (all p-values \u3c .001) between faculty who had previously received any error disclosure training (n = 472) and those who had not (n = 599). Specifically, we found significant differences in culture (all p-values \u3c .001) between those who received any error disclosure training and those who did not for all culture domains: minor error disclosure (61 percent vs. 41 percent), serious error disclosure (79 percent vs. 58 percent), trust-based error disclosure (61 percent vs. 51 percent), safety (73 percent vs. 51 percent), and teamwork (78 percent vs. 66 percent). Significant differences also existed for intent to disclose an error (t = 4.1, p \u3c .05). We also found that error disclosure culture was significantly associated with intent to disclose for those who received previous error disclosure training, whereas all types of culture we measured were significantly associated with intent to disclose for those who did not receive error disclosure training. Conclusions. Error disclosure, teamwork, and safety culture all improved over a 3-year period during which disclosure training was provided to key faculty in these six institutions. Self‑reported likelihood to disclose errors also improved. The precise impact of the training on these improvements cannot be determined from this study; nevertheless, we present an approach to measuring error disclosure culture and providing training that may be useful to other institutions

Long-Term Impacts Faced by Patients and Families After Harmful Healthcare Events

BACKGROUND: Patients and families report experiencing a multitude of harms from medical errors resulting in physical, emotional, and financial hardships. Little is known about the duration and nature of these harms and the type of support needed to promote patient and family healing after such events. We sought to describe the long-term impacts (LTIs) reported by patients and family members who experienced harmful medical events 5 or more years ago. METHODS: We performed a content analysis on 32 interviews originally conducted with 72 patients or family members about their views of the factors contributing to their self-reported harmful event. Interviews selected occurred 5 or more years after the harmful event and were grouped by time since event, 5 to 9 years (22 interviews) or 10 or more years (10 interviews) for analysis. We analyzed these interviews targeting spontaneous references of ongoing impacts experienced by the participants. RESULTS: Participants collectively described the following four LTIs: psychological, social/behavioral, physical, and financial. Most cited psychological impacts with half-reporting ongoing anger and vivid memories. More than half reported ongoing physical impacts and one-third experienced ongoing financial impacts. Long-term social and behavioral impacts such as alterations in lifestyle, self-identity, and healthcare seeking behaviors were the most highly reported. CONCLUSIONS: These patients and families experienced many profound LTIs after their harmful medical event. For some, these impacts evolved into secondary harms ongoing 10 years and more after the event. Our results draw attention to the persistent impacts patients and families may experience long after harmful events and the need for future research to understand and support affected patients and families

What\u27s going well: a qualitative analysis of positive patient and family feedback in the context of the diagnostic process

OBJECTIVES: Accurate and timely diagnosis relies on close collaboration between patients/families and clinicians. Just as patients have unique insights into diagnostic breakdowns, positive patient feedback may also generate broader perspectives on what constitutes a good diagnostic process (DxP). METHODS: We evaluated patient/family feedback on what\u27s going well as part of an online pre-visit survey designed to engage patients/families in the DxP. Patients/families living with chronic conditions with visits in three urban pediatric subspecialty clinics (site 1) and one rural adult primary care clinic (site 2) were invited to complete the survey between December 2020 and March 2022. We adapted the Healthcare Complaints Analysis Tool (HCAT) to conduct a qualitative analysis on a subset of patient/family responses with ≥20 words. RESULTS: In total, 7,075 surveys were completed before 18,129 visits (39 %) at site 1, and 460 surveys were completed prior to 706 (65 %) visits at site 2. Of all participants, 1,578 volunteered positive feedback, ranging from 1-79 words. Qualitative analysis of 272 comments with ≥20 words described: Relationships (60 %), Clinical Care (36 %), and Environment (4 %). Compared to primary care, subspecialty comments showed the same overall rankings. Within Relationships, patients/families most commonly noted: thorough and competent attention (46 %), clear communication and listening (41 %) and emotional support and human connection (39 %). Within Clinical Care, patients highlighted: timeliness (31 %), effective clinical management (30 %), and coordination of care (25 %). CONCLUSIONS: Patients/families valued relationships with clinicians above all else in the DxP, emphasizing the importance of supporting clinicians to nurture effective relationships and relationship-centered care in the DxP