Case study the poultry industry in Colombia

"As developing countries open their economies further to trade, their food industries are striving to raise safety and quality standards in order to compete in new markets. Such is the case with the Colombian poultry industry... Critical questions face the Colombian poultry industry: Is it ready to compete with foreign poultry producers on price, quality, and safety? Can industry efforts to produce better quality products assure an increased share of domestic and regional markets? This brief reviews the private initiatives undertaken by the Colombian poultry industry to assure food safety in light of these questions." from TextFood safety ,food security ,Public health ,

Low-Energy Properties of Antiferromagnetic Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Ladders with an Odd Number of Legs

An effective low-energy description for multi-leg spin-1/2 Heisenberg ladders with an odd number of legs is proposed. Using a newly developed Monte Carlo loop algorithm and exact diagonalization techniques, the uniform and staggered magnetic susceptibility and the entropy are calculated for ladders with 1, 3, and 5 legs. These systems show a low-temperature scaling behavior similar to spin-1/2 chains with longer ranged unfrustrated exchange interactions. The spinon velocity does not change as the number of legs increases, but the energy scale parameter decreases markedly.Comment: 4 pages and 5 figure

Apunts sobre la història de la Malvasia a Sitges

Vagi per endavant que, com el mateix títol indica, les línies que segueixen són uns apunts sense cap mena de pretensió i no pas una exposició ordenada sobre la malvasia. Curiosament, tot i que avui dia és el producte més genuí que Sitges pot oferir al visitant de fora, la malvasia és un tema molt poc estudiat. A diferència d'altres regions vinícoles catalanes, que han promogut els seus vins bons i estudiat el seu origen, la seva evolució, etc., a Sitges encara no s'ha escrit res sobre la malvasia d'una manera sistemàtica i ordenada. L'únic que hi ha són articles periodístics, referències esparses repartides al llarg de la bibliografia sitgetana i una infinitat de notícies breus aparegudes a la premsa local que esperen ser rescatades. Tant de bo ben aviat puguem superar aquesta mancança historiogràfica. Dit això, la meva intervenció estarà dividida en tres parts. Una primera, molt breu, dedicada a les referències històriques i també literàries sobre la malvasia en general. Una segona, en què donaré una visió molt panoràmica sobre la història de la malvasia a Sitges. I una tercera, en la qual parlaré del llegat Llopis i de la malvasia que actualment s'elabora al celler de l'Hospital Sant Joan Baptista

Enhanced spin accumulation at room temperature in graphene spin valves with amorphous carbon interfacial layers

We demonstrate a large enhancement of the spin accumulation in monolayer graphene following electron-beam induced deposition of an amorphous carbon layer at the ferromagnet-graphene interface. The enhancement is 10^4-fold when graphene is deposited onto poly(methyl metacrylate) (PMMA) and exposed with sufficient electron-beam dose to cross-link the PMMA, and 10^3-fold when graphene is deposited directly onto SiO2 and exposed with identical dose. We attribute the difference to a more efficient carbon deposition in the former case due to an increase in the presence of compounds containing carbon, which are released by the PMMA. The amorphous carbon interface can sustain very large current densities without degrading, which leads to very large spin accumulations exceeding 500 microeVs at room temperature

La Junta de Protecció de la Infància de Barcelona : la primera etapa (1908-1909) = The Childhood Protection Council in Barcelona : Its first Stage (1908-1909)

L'article presenta la constitució de la Junta Provincial de Protecció de Barcelona i la tasca que va desenvolupar fins a finals de 1909, quan es va dissoldre. Aporta les dades del primer pla d'acció que es va dur a terme a la capital catalana per combatre la marginació i la desviació social de la infància, i n'assenyala els elements més característics i les dificultats que hi va haver per aplicar-lo. L'estudi està basat en fonts documentals primàries, procedents dels arxius privats d'alguns dels protagonistes principals de la història que es narra.The aim of this paper is to present the constitution of the «Junta Provincial de Protección de la Infancia» in Barcelona in 1908, and describe the task it carried out in order to fight against social deviation and margination of childhood until the end of 1909, when due to economical difficulties it was forced to dissolve. The study is divided in two parts, the first of them is focused in giving a summary of the general legislative context (Childhood Protection Law 1904 and its Regulation in 1908) that allowed the foundation of the Local and Provincial Councils of Childhood Protection. In the second one, the study explains the concrete case of the Protection Council in Barcelona during the period of 1908 and 1909. It is analysed the social and educational intervention plan designed by the Council and the way it was applied, showing its most significant elements and the difficulties found. The paper is basically based on primary documental sources, coming from some of the process’ main characters’ personal archives (Josep Pedragosa and Ramón Albó), and also from the Protection Council’s own archives. The use of such kind of sources enables to enrich the strict institutional history.El artículo presenta la constitución de la Junta Provincial de Protección de Barcelona y la tarea que desarrolló hasta finales de 1909, cuando se disolvió. Aporta los datos del primero plan de acción que se llevó a término a la capital catalana por combatir la marginación y la desviación social de la infancia, y señala sus elementos más característicos y las dificultades con qué se encontró su aplicación. El estudio está basado en fuentes documentales primarias, procedentes de los archivos privados de algunos de los protagonistas principales de la historia que se narra

Conceptual design of the EU-DEMO dual coolant lithium lead equatorial module

© 20xx IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Within the framework of EUROfusion Program, the Dual Coolant Lithium Lead (DCLL) is one of the four EU breeder blanket concepts that are being investigated as candidates for DEMO. DCLL uses PbLi as the main coolant, tritium breeder, tritium carrier, and neutron multiplier. The main structures, including the first wall, are cooled with helium. The EU program proposed for the next years will consider a DCLL version limited to 550 °C in order to allow the use of conventional materials and technologies. During the first year of EUROfusion activities, a draft design of the DCLL has been proposed. The main blanket performances were adapted to the new specifications and the CAD model of DEMO. The breeder zone has been toroidally divided into four parallel PbLi circuits, separated through stiffening grid radial walls. The PbLi flow routing has been designed to maximize the amount of thermal power extracted by flowing PbLi and to avoid the occurrence of reverse flows due to volumetric heating. Thermal hydraulics, magnetohydrodynamic and neutronics calculations have been performed for the first draft design. The new DCLL design employs Eurofer-alumina-Eurofer sandwich as flow channel insert (FCI).Postprint (published version