Analisis Matematika Pada Pembuatan Rumah Panggung Toraja

Geometri merupakan cabang ilmu yang mempelajari tentang hubungan antara titik-titik, garis-garis, dan bidang-bidang serta bangun datar dan bangun ruang. Dalam penerapan matematika geometri sangat membantu dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Sebagai contoh penentuan tinggi menara dengan menggunakan bantuan cahaya matahari dimana dalam penentuannya bisa menggunakan sistem perbandingan. Kemudian menentukan jarak atau lebar sungai tanpa mengukur secara manual yaitu dengan menggunakan titik bantuan dan garis yang sebangun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bagaimana hasil penerapan matematika dalam pembuatan rumah panggung Toraja. Dalam proses analisis dilakukan observasi dan wawancara serta dokumentasi untuk melihat proses pembuatan rumah panggung Toraja. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang diperoleh, ditemukan pola barisan pada tiang atau balok di setiap tipe rumah. Kemudian metode penggunaan garis sejajar, perpanjangan garis dan kesebangunan pada atap rumah. aplikasi matematika dapat diterapkan pada rumah panggung Toraja menggunakan persamaan dan fungsi parabola pada penentuan lengkungan atap rumah.Kata kunci: Geometri, Rumah panggung Toraja, Analisis, Persamaan Abstract. Geometry is  branch of science that learning about the relationship between points, lines,  sides , plane figure and solid figure. The application of geometry mathematics is very helpful in daily life. For example, the determination of tower height by using sunlight where in its determination can use the comparison system. Then, determine the distance or width of the river without measuring it manually, that is by using the help points and lines that are congruent. The aim of this research is finding out how the results of the application of mathematics in building Toraja Traditional house. The analysis process is done by observation, interview and documentation to see the process of building Toraja Traditional house. Based on the results of data analysis that is obtained, it was find the sequences pattern on the poles or beams in each type of house. Then the method of using parallel lines, lines extension and similarity on the roof of the house. Mathematics application can be applied in Toraja Traditional house by using parabolic equations and parabolic functions in determining the curvature of house roof.Keyword: Geometry,Toraja Traditional House, Analysis, Equation    

Adjusting the frequency of mammography screening on the basis of genetic risk: Attitudes among women in the UK.

Purpose To explore public attitudes towards modifying frequency of mammography screening based on genetic risk. Methods Home-based interviews were carried out with a population-based sample of 942 women aged 18–74 years in the UK. Demographic characteristics and perceived breast cancer (BC) risk were examined as predictors of support for risk-stratified BC screening and of the acceptability of raised or lowered screening frequency based on genetic risk, using multivariate logistic regression. Results Over two-thirds of respondents (65.8%) supported the idea of varying screening frequency on the basis of genetic risk. The majority (85.4%) were willing to have more frequent breast screening if they were found to be at higher risk, but fewer (58.8%) were willing to have less frequent screening if at lower risk (t (956) = 15.6, p < 0.001). Ethnic minority status was associated with less acceptability of more frequent screening (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.21–0.74), but there were no other significant demographic correlates. Higher perceived risk of BC was associated with greater acceptability of more frequent screening (OR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.27–2.30). Conclusion Women were positive about adjusting the frequency of mammography screening in line with personal genetic risk, but it will be important to develop effective communication materials to minimise resistance to reducing screening frequency for those at lower genetic risk

Clinician-reported barriers to implementing breast cancer chemoprevention in the UK: A qualitative investigation

Aims: The use of tamoxifen and raloxifene as preventive therapy for women at increased risk of breast cancer was approved by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in 2013. We undertook a qualitative investigation to investigate the factors affecting the implementation of preventive therapy within the UK. Methods: We recruited general practitioners (GPs) (n = 10) and clinicians working in family history or clinical genetics settings (FHCG clinicians) (n = 15) to participate in semi-structured interviews. Data were coded thematically within the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results: FHCG clinicians focussed on the perceived lack of benefit of preventive therapy and difficulties interpreting the NICE guidelines. FHCG clinicians felt poorly informed about preventive therapy, and this discouraged patient discussions on the topic. GPs were unfamiliar with the concept of preventive therapy, and were not aware that they may be asked to prescribe it for high-risk women. GPs were reluctant to initiate therapy because it is not licensed, but were willing to continue a prescription if it had been started in secondary or tertiary care. Conclusions: Barriers to implementing preventive therapy within routine clinical practice are common and could be addressed by engaging all stakeholders during the development of policy documents

Corrigendum to “Implementation of tidal turbines in MIKE 3 and Delft3D models of Pentland Firth & Orkney waters” [Ocean Coast. Manag. 147 (2017) 21–36]

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd The authors regret that a software error caused incorrect predictions for the effects of tidal turbines in Delft3D. The predictions without turbines are unaffected, as are those from the MIKE 3 model. The overall conclusions of the article remain valid. Figs. 12–15 as published are incorrect. Replacements for Figs. 12–14 are presented here. Following this correction the differences in the effects of energy extraction between the two models are much smaller. As a result the discussion of these differences in Section 6 should be disregarded, and Fig. 15 is no longer required. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. The version of the code for adding turbines to Delft3D that is publicly available has been corrected, and anybody using this for their own work is urged to download the latest version. [Figure presented] Fig. 12: (a) 400 turbines in the Inner Sound, viewed through the MIKE Zero GUI; (b) The same 400 turbines represented as porous plates for Delft3D. Higher values of the closs parameter, shown by bluer colours, indicate plates with higher drag. [Figure presented] Fig. 13: Changes in mean current speeds over 28 days as a result of adding turbines. [Figure presented] Fig. 14: Change in mean bed stress magnitude over 28 days as a result of adding turbines, expressed as a proportion of the value without turbines

Population-based, risk-stratified genetic testing for ovarian cancer risk: a focus group study

Study Purpose: A population-based risk stratification programme for ovarian cancer (OC) may improve OC survival by identifying women at increased risk and implementing an appropriate risk management strategy. The present study explored attitudes towards an OC risk stratification programme incorporating predictive genetic testing and risk-stratified screening as part of a larger study investigating OC screening. Methods: Focus groups consisting of 56 members of the general public (mean age 45 years; 34% non-white) were conducted using a hypothetical scenario. The group sessions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Framework Analysis. Results: There was strong support for the proposed programme. Genetic testing and risk-stratified screening was thought to raise awareness, offer reassurance and offer opportunities for early intervention. Anxiety was only mentioned in relation to receiving a diagnosis of OC and not with screening per se. Perhaps because lay models of cancer already embrace both environmental and genetic factors, a low-risk result was not anticipated to result in a false sense of immunity. Unexpectedly, participants also wanted to receive cancer prevention advice in conjunction with genetic testing; screening alone was not regarded as sufficient. Conclusion: The encouraging results from this small study warrant further large-scale research into risk-stratified OC screening

Mainstreamed Genetic Testing in Ovarian Cancer: Patient Experience of the Testing Process

Objective: Pathogenic BRCA variants account for between 5.8-24.8% of ovarian cancers. The identification of such a variant can have a significant impact on the affected individual and their relatives – determining eligibility for targeted therapies, predicting treatment response and granting access to disease prevention strategies. Cancer services are responding to the increased demand for genetic testing with the introduction of mainstreamed genetic testing via oncology clinics. The study aimed to evaluate patient experience of the mainstreamed genetic testing pathway at a tertiary referral centre in London. / Methods: Study participants were patients diagnosed with high-grade non-mucinous ovarian cancer, tested via a mainstreamed genetic testing pathway at the tertiary referral centre between February 2015 and June 2017. Eligible participants were invited to complete the retrospective study questionnaire. Five quantitative measures with additional free-text items evaluated the patient experience of mainstreamed genetic testing. / Results: The tertiary referral centre tested 170 ovarian cancer patients. Twenty-three pathogenic BRCA mutations were identified (23/170, 13.5%). One-hundred and six patients (106/170, 62.4%) met the study inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine of those invited (29/106, 27.4%) to participate returned the retrospective study questionnaire. Pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants were identified within four respondents (4/29, 13.8%). Motivations for genetic testing related to improved medical management, and the ability to provide relatives with genetic information. Participants did not appear to be adversely affected by result disclosure post mainstreamed genetic testing. Two individuals with a pathogenic variant reported that the support provided by the tertiary referral centre post-result disclosure could have been improved. / Conclusion: Results of the current study support further psychosocial research into the expansion of the mainstreamed genetic testing pathway. The results although promising have also highlighted the importance of genetic awareness within the multidisciplinary team and the provision of timely psychological support from genetic specialists

Long-term renal function in children with Wilms Tumour and constitutional WT1 pathogenic variant

BACKGROUND: Wilms tumour (WT) survivors, especially patients with associated syndromes or genitourinary anomalies due to constitutional WT1 pathogenic variant, have increased risk of kidney failure. We describe the long-term kidney function in children with WT and WT1 pathogenic variant to inform the surgical strategy and oncological management of such complex children. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients with WT and constitutional WT1 pathogenic variant treated at a single centre between 1993 and 2016, reviewing genotype, phenotype, tumour histology, laterality, treatment, patient survival, and kidney outcome. RESULTS: We identified 25 patients (60% male, median age at diagnosis 14 months, range 4–74 months) with WT1 deletion (4), missense (2), nonsense (8), frameshift (7), or splice site (4) pathogenic variant. Thirteen (52%) had bilateral disease, 3 (12%) had WT-aniridia, 1 had incomplete Denys-Drash syndrome, 11 (44%) had genitourinary malformation, and 10 (40%) had no phenotypic anomalies. Patient survival was 100% and 3 patients were in remission after relapse at median follow-up of 9 years. Seven patients (28%) commenced chronic dialysis of which 3 were after bilateral nephrectomies. The overall kidney survival for this cohort as mean time to start of dialysis was 13.38 years (95% CI: 10.3–16.4), where 7 patients experienced kidney failure at a median of 5.6 years. All of these 7 patients were subsequently transplanted. In addition, 2 patients have stage III and stage IV chronic kidney disease and 12 patients have albuminuria and/or treatment with ACE inhibitors. Four patients (3 frameshift; 1 WT1 deletion) had normal blood pressure and kidney function without proteinuria at follow-up from 1.5 to 12 years. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the known high risk of kidney disease in patients with WT and constitutional WT1 pathogenic variant, nearly two-thirds of patients had sustained native kidney function, suggesting that nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) should be attempted when possible without compromising oncological risk. Larger international studies are needed for accurate assessment of WT1genotype-kidney function phenotype correlation

General practitioner attitudes towards prescribing aspirin to carriers of Lynch Syndrome: findings from a national survey

Cancer Research UK Policy Department (PI: Smith). Smith is also funded by a Cancer Research UK Postdoctoral Fellowship (C42785/A17965)