“You’re on one side or the other. You’re either a Leafs fan or a Sabres fan”. An Interpretive Study of Buffalo Sabres and Toronto Maple Leafs Fans in Fort Erie, Ontario

Few sports consumer behavior researchers will contest that it is common for people to become fans of their local, hometown, easily-accessible team (Wann & James, 2019), but what if obvious-sounding concepts like “local”, “hometown”, and “accessible” are in dispute? What team would people cheer for then? Such an interesting case is found in the border town of Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada, that is located directly across the river from Buffalo, New York, USA. National Hockey League (NHL) fans in Fort Erie typically cheer for either the Buffalo Sabres (whose arena is visible from Fort Erie’s shoreline), or the Toronto Maple Leafs, who play in a Canadian city 95 miles (152 km) away. To understand how they became fans and maintain that fandom, nine Sabres fans and nine Leafs fans from Fort Erie were interviewed face-to-face and one-on-one in the interpretive tradition. Fans from both teams painted a picture that in both becoming fans and maintaining fandom, the culture and image associated with not only the teams themselves, but also the city and country they play out of were crucial factors. Leafs fans often referred to hockey’s cultural importance to Canadians, making it almost traitorous to cheer for an American NHL team. Sabres fans often referred to the scrappy, working-class image of Buffalo aligning with the scrappy, working-class image of Fort Erie. Sabres fans would also discuss how accessible the team was, in terms of both proximity and cheaper tickets, allowing them to easily attend games. Leafs fans would also discuss how accessible their team was, but in terms of media access, allowing them to watch almost all Leafs’ games on television. Interestingly, their attitude towards Americans aligned with their team choice. Helleiner (2016) studied Canadians who live across the border from Buffalo, and found four attitudes towards the difference between Canadians and Americans: Pretty much the same as Americans, “Americanized” Canadians, Non-Americans, and Anti-Americans. Sabres fans typically were in the first two categories, and Leafs fans typically were in the latter two. In conclusion, Leafs fans (filled with non-American sentiment) felt that even though Buffalo was right next door, the Leafs would be considered the local, hometown, accessible team as the Sabres played in a foreign country, the Leafs were the closest Canadian NHL team to Fort Erie, and all their games were typically televised in Fort Erie. Sabres fans (more sympathetic to Americans overall) considered them the local, hometown, accessible team as they were right across a bridge, the team and the city aligned with the blue-collar image of Fort Erie, and live attendance was extremely easy. Borderland living is different than living inland (Helleiner, 2016), so it comes as no surprise that borderland sport fandom would be different. Future research should study how fans living in regions like Southwestern Ontario (across from Detroit, Michigan), or Western New York (close to Toronto, Ontario) create and maintain their fandom where terms like “local”, “hometown”, and “accessible” are influenced by perceptions of culture and image moderated by questions of national identity

The offensive patterns causing disequilibrium in the defensive organization of the opponent leading to a goal scored in soccer

This study has an interest to understand and detect the offensive patterns of the most 2 teams with highest goal scored per game in the top 5 leagues and the effect on creating disequilibrium on the opponentopponent’s defensive lines. Thus, this allows to identify the interactions of the players between their teammates and their opponent. 76 out of 99 goals for Bayern Munich and 67 out of 90 goals for Atalanta were observed and analyzed using REOFUT protocol. Some similarities were detected between both teams using Chi Square Test to discover the association between different variables like Initial opponent behavior and Type of attack, Penultimate action and Penultimate invasive zone, Last action and Penultimate action with, X^2= 15.005, P=0.05, X^2= 31.932, P=0.006 X^2= 40.920, P= < respectively for Bayern Munich and X^2= 14.983a, P=0.045, X^2= 24.945a, P=0.034 and X^2= 20.696a, P=0.015, respectively for Atalanta As a conclusion, although the detection of the correlation between both team and opponentopponent’s behavior, number, pressure and space, various factors influence the patterns and playing dynamics which were not mentioned all in this study.Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender e detetar os pa drões ofensivos das duas equipas com maior número de golos marcados por jogo nas 5 principais ligas e o efeito na criação de desequilíbrio nas linhas defensivas do adversário. Com isso, torna se possível identificar as interações dos jogadores entre seus c ompanheiros e adversários. 76 de 99 golos do Bayern de Munique e 67 de 90 golos do Atalanta foram observados e analisados usando o protocolo REOFUT. Algumas semelhanças foram detectadas entre as equipas usando o Teste Qui Quadrado para descobrir a associ ação entre diferentes variáveis como comportamento inicial do oponente e tipo de ataque, penúltima ação e penúltima zona invasiva, última ação e penúltima ação com X^2= 15.005, P=0.05, X^2= 31.932, P=0.006 e X^2= 40.920, P= < respectivamente para o Bayern Munich e X^2= 14.983a, P=0.045, X^2= 24.945a, P=0.034 e X^2= 20.696a, P=0.015, respectivamente para o Atalanta Como conclusão, embora a detecção da correlação entre o comportamento da equipa e do adversário, número, pressão e espaço, vários fato res influenciam os padrões e a dinâmica de jogo que não foram mencionados neste estudo

MERGING EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY FOR LEADING A CREATIVE URBAN RECOGNITION INMIDDLE EASTERN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Despite the drifts towards globalization, regions and cities are emerging as the main arenas for international competitiveness. Cities are turning out to be as communities of knowledge, innovation, and creativity, yet becoming more complex, dynamic, diverse, and intangible. In this context, new strategies and approaches must be considered. Proposing a science park bridges the gap between education, research and industries. It could develop a creative urban regeneration processes, educational development and economic growth. Initiating the project with a sustainable approach will increase knowledge and develop innovated solutions in common areas as water management, alternative forms of energy, oil and gas extraction, industrial advancement, and sustainable urban development. The paper is going to discuss the feasibility of applying a science park in Lebanon as a case study for Middle Eastern developing countries. Applying these strategies on slum areas will improve the urban fabric and enhance the infrastructure of the neighborhood. Ten International case studies that augmented their regions around the world are analyzed to achieve the most efficient science park program that fits the local context. Furthermore, the adopted strategy could be applied in any developing country with similar contexts

ATTAINING THE APPROPRIATE SIMULATION PROGRAM TOWARDS BETTER ENVIRONMENTAL DECISIONS

Global Warming is one of the greatest environmental threats of the 21st century. Many parties around the world like governments, corporations, and researchers, etc. are working hard to find solutions. Architectural education is concerned with global warming issues, and trying to achieve reliable design related solutions for a sustainable environment. Majority of the students use simulation programs to determine with accuracy some variables that can support designers to take decisions about the best strategies to apply for any type of building. These simulation programs are usually selected based on their straightforward and user-friendly interface. The most common programs among architecture students at the Beirut Arab University are Ecotect, DesignBuilder and CFD. However, not all the results are precise nor are they based on an accurate scientific basis. This paper will discuss the scientific background, interface, and capability of these programs. In addition compare them in order to establish their differences, besides a brief overview about energy simulation concepts. In addition the research will conduct a survey measuring the awareness and benefit of the three programs among students as a design decision supporting tool. Furthermore students that already implemented these programs in their design will be selected, to show how they dealt with these programs and how these programs interfered with their design decision making. The selection of the students will show the appropriate year to add this program as a supporting tool for architectural design studio

Smart Cities for a Sustainable Social Inclusion Strategy – A Comparative Study between Italy and Malaysia

Background: Recent data from several studies and surveys confirm that our society has entered the digital transformation era. The crucial role of this digital trend is becoming increasingly more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, a bunch of technologies, such as artificial intelligence, have the potential to change the present enhancing people’s power to act, to live and to promote equal citizen participation. In this scenario, Smart Cities with its smart technology innovative components are challenging for excluded people. Method: The general objective of this article is to identify and understand the dimensions that must be taken into account to promote the digital participation/inclusion of people with ID. The model is based on a qualitative analysis of people’s perceptions related to how Smart Cities can promote social Inclusion. Results: The challenges associated with social inclusion were identified in the social, economic and political as well as cultural dimensions of the countries investigated: Italy and Malaysia. The results constitute a first step to shape and understand how smart cities can promote social inclusion in different contexts. Conclusion: The outcomes of our research suggest that, starting from standard technologies, smart cities in different countries need tailored solutions. The results reveal that the Smart City strategy is, in general, and in terms of social Inclusion, in particular, a local phenomenon changing in each country. This outcome has important implications for practitioners and future scholarly research alike. The current study contributes to both social inclusion and smart city literature in many ways

The Effect of Leader Inclusiveness on Innovative Work Behavior: The mediator role of Leader-Member Exchange

Referring to the social exchange theory and to leader-member exchange theory, the purpose of this study is to investigate how inclusive leadership influences innovative work behavior by testing leader-member - exchange (LMX) as a mediator. A quantitative study was carried out in 10 service-based organizations in Lebanon with 187 subordinates and their supervisors. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple and multiple regression analysis. The findings indicated that inclusive leadership is positively associated with IWB and that LMX mediates the relationship between the two variables. This paper contributes in many ways. First, it provides further support to the importance of relational leadership in influencing behaviors within the organizations. Second, it contributes to the growing body of research on the relationship between inclusive leadership and innovative work behavior. Third, it helps to understand the mechanism of leader-member exchange through which inclusive leadership can influence innovative work behavior. These findings highlight the fact that human resource management and managers need to consider how high-quality leader-member exchanges based on communication, openness and trust can promote IWB. Finally, the limitations of the study are discussed as well as the indications for future studies

Digital Resilience for Cities’ Smartness

Over the past two decades, the “Smart City” has risen to global prominence as an urban planning and development strategy. This concept is now widely used as broad of toolkit of technological services and policy inter- ventions aiming at enhancing a balance between competitiveness and sustaina- bility of cities through ICT innovation and Human Capital. ICT and modern technology are considered the key aspect of the Smart City concept. Meanwhile, other authors emphasize the importance of the people and human capital who adopt and operate the technology. Although very few litera- tures emphasize the importance of resilience in the Smart City discourse. This paper aims to analyze and redefine the Smart City concept through resili- ence approach. For this purpose, it describes and defines what the Smart City concept is, and then the relation and linkage of the importance of using resilience approach in defining the Smart City. The model is based on a qualitative analysis of people’s perceptions related to Smart Cities and Digital Resilience. Digital Resilience will lead to a soft infrastructure approach, such as enhancement in social and human capital, knowledge inclusion, citizenship participation and social satisfaction. The results constitute a first step to approach Smart Cities as a soft sustainable infrastructure urban planning. Discussion and analysis are conducted through a deep literature study using systematic literature review methodology

Smart Working and Digital Resilience

Digitalization of work takes the giant leap forward and that our society has entered the digital era. Smart working became the norm adopted by all insti- tutions. With the spreading of covid-19 pandemic, all organizations yielded to novel ways of working. The effect will be permanent, and digitalization of work takes the giant leap forward. Organizations need to support and develop compe- tencies for smart working for the twenty-first century, and yet this is an area largely overlooked in the literature. The general objective of this article is to an- alyze how to effectively support smart workers build digital resilience using a competency-based approach. The development of a digital resilience framework outlines the core competencies for smart working. The model is based on a qual-itative analysis of people’s perceptions related to smart working and digital resil- ience at both individual and institutional level. We conducted a qualitative and exploratory re- search using semi-structured interviews. The results constitute a first step to how organizations can apply this digital resilience framework to sup- port smart working

Pengaruh Metode Resitasi dalam Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Materi Kalor dan Perpindahannya

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of the recitation method in the cooperative learning model to improve the learning outcomes of heat and its transfer. This type of research was quasi-experimental. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The samples of this research were students of class VII A and VII B of SMP Negeri 3 Bulagi. Class VII A is the experimental group and class VIIB is the control group. The learning outcome test instrument was a multiple-choice test. Based on the results of data processing, the N-gain value in the experimental group was obtained at 45.97%, which was in the medium category. Then for the control group, the N-gain value was obtained at 33.43%, which was also in the medium category. These results indicate that the learning outcomes of physics in the experimental group are higher than those in the control group. The results of statistical calculations from the average difference test using t-test (two-tailed) obtained tcount &gt; ttable (tcount = 4.22 and ttable = 2.02) at a significance level of 5% and dk = 45, thus H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. So, it can be concluded that there is an effect of the recitation method in the cooperative learning model to improve the learning outcomes of heat and its transfer