I nformation Hiding in Email Services Based on Confused Document Encrypting Schemes

Confused Document Encrypting Scheme (CDES) is a document protection technique for information hiding (steganography), and it uses meaningful cheating text to confuse attackers. It is a simple and effective file protection scheme . In this paper, we proposed a new web application based on CDES, which apply with the email service, and we focus on the web service development and improve some known issues in CDES by a new method which is adding image-hiding technique to protect the position index file (PIF), and we choose a suitable compression and encryption algorithm to increase performance for CDES in my system

Penggunaan konsep Generasi Y di Malaysia

Di Malaysia, bilangan penduduk kategori belia dianggar mencatat hampir separuh daripada jumlah keseluruhan penduduk di negara ini, iaitu sebanyak hampir 10.73 juta orang atau 40.0% pada tahun 2010. Jumlah yang banyak ini menjadikan proses pembangunan belia di Malaysia satu cabaran yang begitu besar jika dibandingkan dengan beberapa dekad dahulu. Setiap tahun, kerajaan Malaysia akan memperuntukkan sejumlah wang yang besar bagi menjalankan dan menjayakan usaha-usaha pembangunan belia di negara ini. Namun begitu, mengikut Akta Pertubuhan Belia dan Pembangunan Belia 2007, belia di Malaysia terdiri daripada mereka yang berumur lebih daripada 15 tahun dan kurang daripada 40 tahun yang mana polisi-polisi serta program-program yang telah ditetapkan adalah berdasarkan skop yang besar ini dan ia kemungkinan besar adalah tidak begitu sesuai digunakan lagi pada masa kini. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, pentafsiran belia di Malaysia seharusnya juga berubah mengikut zaman dan kesesuaian penggunaannya. Kini, Generasi Y merupakan satu isu yang seharusnya mendapat perhatian dan pengetahuan pelbagai lapisan masyarakat di Malaysia. Konsep Generasi Y tidak asing lagi bagi negara-negara barat seperti Amerika Syarikat namun di Malaysia ia masih kurang jelas definisinya dan jarang mendapat perhatian daripada pelbagai pihak. Maka, kertas ini bertujuan membincangkan latar belakang konsep Generasi Y dan meninjau persamaan ciri-ciri belia di Malaysia dengan konsep tersebut

The Psychology of a Sacrifice: Seen through Yulgok Yi I’s “Treatise on Death, Life, Ghosts, and Spirits”

In his “Treatise on Death, Life, Ghosts, and Spirits” (Sasaeng gwisin chaek 死生 鬼神策), Yulgok Yi I (1536-1584) rejects the Buddhist accounts of an afterlife because the dead have neither vital stuff (gi 氣; C. qi) nor consciousness (jigak 知覺; C. zhijue) when their death is natural and complete. Without these, there can neither be reward nor retribution, which is the basis of an afterlife. Yet, at the same time, Yulgok commends Confucian sacrifices for the dead. When there is utmost sincerity (seong 誠; C. cheng) and pattern-principle (ri 理; C. li) to do so, the living can gather the dead’s already dissipated vital stuff. Yulgok argues that this is possible because the spirits of descendants are the spirits of their ancestors. This paper asks three questions that arise from the “Treatise” by bringing together Yulgok’s various works. First, how do the dead, with only pattern-principle, motivate the living to gather the dissipated vital stuff? Second, Yulgok explains that the living may gather the dissipated vital stuff of their ancestors by virtue of having the same spirit, but what does he mean by the “same spirit”? Third, why does Yulgok restrict certain classes from certain sacrifices when individuals can gather even the dissipated vital stuff with utmost sincerity? While answering each question, this paper aims to channel the discussions of vital stuff and objects to those of emotional and mental states, using a sacrifice as a medium

An Algorithm for the Continuous Morlet Wavelet Transform

This article consists of a brief discussion of the energy density over time or frequency that is obtained with the wavelet transform. Also an efficient algorithm is suggested to calculate the continuous transform with the Morlet wavelet. The energy values of the Wavelet transform are compared with the power spectrum of the Fourier transform. Useful definitions for power spectra are given. The focus of the work is on simple measures to evaluate the transform with the Morlet wavelet in an efficient way. The use of the transform and the defined values is shown in some examples.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, revised for MSS

Histamine metabolism influences blood vessel branching in zebrafish reg6 mutants

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vascular branching morphogenesis is responsible for the extension of blood vessels into growing tissues, a process crucial for organogenesis. However, the genetic mechanism for vessel branching is largely unknown. Zebrafish <it>reg6 </it>is a temperature-sensitive mutation exhibiting defects in blood vessel branching which results in the formation of swollen vessel lumina during capillary plexus formation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We performed a screening for chemical suppressors of <it>reg6 </it>and identified SKF91488, an inhibitor of histamine methyltransferase (HMT), that can rescue the <it>reg6 </it>vessel branching defects in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of HMT by SKF91488 presumably blocks histamine degradation, thus causing histamine accumulation. Consistent with this idea, we found that a high level of histamine also showed significant suppression of <it>reg6 </it>vessel phenotypes. Interestingly, when <it>reg6 </it>adults that had already developed swollen vessel lumina in regenerating fins were treated with histamine or SKF91488, either treatment significantly reduced the number of swollen vessels within 12 h, suggesting a rapid and constant influence of histamine on blood vessel branching. Furthermore, the expression of HMT was significantly elevated in <it>reg6 </it>regenerating fins. Conversely, lowering histamine by administering urocanic acid, a histidine decarboxylase inhibitor, enhanced the <it>reg6 </it>phenotypes. Finally, we identified that the transcription factor, egr-1 (early growth response factor 1), was closely associated with the <it>reg6 </it>phenotype and chemical treatments.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Taken together, our results suggest that blood vessel branching is influenced by histamine metabolism, possibly through regulating the expression of the egr-1 transcription factor.</p

Review: Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction: from Alloplastic Prosthesis to Bioengineering Tissue

Abstract Pain and dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) may affect more than 10 percent of the adult people in developed countries. TMJ is a unique jaw joint with both rotational and translational movements while masticating, swallowing or speaking. During masticatory function, the both-side joints work in harmony with adjacent structures including masticatory muscles, teeth (occlusion), tongue, etc. and sustain heavy and repeated bite force or loading. The function of the articular disc is the absorption of the compression load to the joint and is susceptible to displacement forward due to the increase of the friction coefficient and the degeneration of the collateral ligaments. An anteriorly displaced disc will lead to higher compressive and tangential stresses in the posterior band of the disc and to a fibrotic change or eventual perforation of that zone of the disc. The disease thus may progress to a more severe stage of degenerative osteoarthritis, and joint replacement is indicated for the destructed disease entity. TMJ prosthesis has evolved for more than 50 years and served to restore the function of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) patients. There are some limitations in the function of the implanted TMJ prosthesis, such as lack of translational motion of the condyle and reduction in opening of the mouth. Recent advances in tissue engineering may provide an alternative to traditional strategies to repair and regenerate the TMJ. For the patient or defect-specific purpose, a three-dimensional (3D) image-based design and multi-phasic tissue fabrication technique is under development and could offer a sophisticated approach to the TMJ reconstruction. The biomechanical analyses of the TMJ prosthesis and the newly developed bioengineering constructs are still very rare. Study of the biomechanism of TMJ could improve our knowledge in the pathogenesis of TMD and success in the regeneration of TMJ

Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cinnamomum cassia Constituents In Vitro and In Vivo

We have investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Cinnamomum cassia constituents (cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic acid, and coumarin) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) and carrageenan (Carr)-induced mouse paw edema model. When RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with cinnamic aldehyde together with LPS, a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels productions were detected. Western blotting revealed that cinnamic aldehyde blocked protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB), and IκBα, significantly. In the anti-inflammatory test, cinnamic aldehyde decreased the paw edema after Carr administration, and increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the paw tissue. We also demonstrated cinnamic aldehyde attenuated the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the edema paw after Carr injection. Cinnamic aldehyde decreased the NO, TNF-α, and PGE2 levels on the serum level after Carr injection. Western blotting revealed that cinnamic aldehyde decreased Carr-induced iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB expressions in the edema paw. These findings demonstrated that cinnamic aldehyde has excellent anti-inflammatory activities and thus has great potential to be used as a source for natural health products

Antinociceptive Activities and the Mechanisms of Anti-Inflammation of Asiatic Acid in Mice

Asiatic acid (AA), a pentacyclic triterpene compound in the medicinal plant Centella asiatica, was evaluated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Treatment of male ICR mice with AA significantly inhibited the numbers of acetic acid-induced writhing responses and the formalin-induced pain in the late phase. In the anti-inflammatory test, AA decreased the paw edema at the 4th and 5th h after λ-carrageenan (Carr) administration and increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver tissue. AA decreased the nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels on serum level at the 5th h after Carr injection. Western blotting revealed that AA decreased Carr-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expressions at the 5th h in the edema paw. An intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection treatment with AA also diminished neutrophil infiltration into sites of inflammation as did indomethacin (Indo). The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of AA might be related to the decrease in the level of MDA, iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB in the edema paw via increasing the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx in the liver

Analgesic Effects and the Mechanisms of Anti-Inflammation of Hispolon in Mice

Hispolon, an active ingredient in the fungi Phellinus linteus was evaluated with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Treatment of male ICR mice with hispolon (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the numbers of acetic acid-induced writhing response. Also, our result showed that hispolon (20 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the formalin-induced pain in the later phase (P<.01). In the anti-inflammatory test, hispolon (20 mg/kg) decreased the paw edema at the fourth and fifth hour after λ-carrageenin (Carr) administration, and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRx) in the liver tissue. We also demonstrated that hispolon significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the edema paw at the fifth hour after Carr injection. Hispolon (10 and 20 mg/kg) decreased the nitric oxide (NO) levels on both the edema paw and serum level at the fifth hour after Carr injection. Also, hispolon (10 and 20 mg/kg) diminished the serum TNF-α at the fifth hour after Carr injection. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of hispolon might be related to the decrease in the level of MDA in the edema paw by increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRx in the liver. It probably exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the suppression of TNF-α and NO