A study to assess proximal femoral nailing versus dynamic hip screw device in surgical management of intertrochanteric fractures: a comparative study

Background: The incidence of inter trochanteric fracture is expected to have doubled by 2040. Inter trochanteric fractures account for about 45% to 50% of all hip fractures in the elderly populationand out of these, near about 50% to 60% are classified as unstable intertrochanteric fractures. The goal of treatment is restoring mobility safely and efficiently, while minimizing the risk of medical complications and technical failure. This study as performed to assess functional outcome with dynamic hip screw and proximal femoral nail in intertrochanteric fracture management.Methods: It was prospective observational study done for a period of 1year from January 2016-January 2017 among patients who attended OPD or emergency department with intertrochanteric fracture. Two different implants were used dynamic hip screw (DHS) and proximal femoral nail (PFN).Results: Excellent results in functional outcome was more in case of PFN (66.6%) compared to DHS (50%). The type of trauma in DHS group was road traffic accident in 38.8%, domestic fall in 50% and others such as assault was in 11.1% while in PFN group intertrochanteric fracture was seen in 61.1% due to domestic fall.Conclusions: The functional outcome was more better with proximal femoral nail (PFN) compared to dynamic hip screw (DHS). Therefore, proximal femoral nail (PFN) should be preferred for management of intertrochanteric fractures

Conservative treatment of spinal tuberculosis and its outcome: an observational study

Background: Spinal tuberculosis or Pott’s spine occurs in about 1-2% of patients with tuberculosis and accounts for 40-50% of musculoskeletal tuberculosis.It is caused due to the infection of the bone by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria with the combination of spread through haematogenous route as well as lymphatic drainage.Methods: This observational study was done for a period of 2 years from Jan 2016 to Jan 2018. The total number of study participants was 51. The functional outcome was assessed using modified McCormick’s scale.Results: Majority of study participants were females accounting for 60.7% compared to males (39.21%). The main complaint of study participants was back pain (39.21%) which was followed by fever in 21.5%. Loss of appetite was the most prominent symptom seen in 15.6%. Thoracolumbar vertebrae were the site of involvement in 37.2%.Conclusions: Patients responded well with anti-tubercular treatment in mild and moderate cases of spinal TB, if there was no gross neurological deficit. Thus it is very important to identify the early symptoms of spinal TB so that timely prompt treatment should be initiated

Reengineering of cancer cell surface charges can modulate cell migration

The ability to modulate the cell surface structure provides a powerful tool to understand fundamental processes and also to elicit desired cellular responses. Here we report the development of a new class of ‘clickable labels’ to reengineer the cell surface charges of live cells. The method relies on the use of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) combined with chemo selective labeling of cell surface azido-containing sialic acids with dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) ionic-probes. Using this strategy, we demonstrate that reducing the negative charge induced by the overexpression of cell surface sialic acids in cancer cells leads to a reduction in cell migration without affecting drug supceptibility

Posttraumatic chronic ossified extradural hematoma: a rare case report

Abstract Posttraumatic Chronic ossified extradural hematomas are rare entities. Natural absorption of EDH does not occurs due to calcification. Chronic ossified EDH is frequently present in paediatric age group. Careful regular follow-up is mandatory in conservatively managed case of EDH in children. We report a rare case of Posttraumatic Chronic ossified extradural hematomas in a 10-years old girl presenting six years after head injury with right temporal region swelling

ACTIVE INDUCTOR BASED LOW PHASE NOISE VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR

This paper proposed a fully MOS-based voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with tuning range and low phase noise, replacing the most often used NMOS-based inductor-capacitor tank arranged in cross-coupled topology with a high-Q active inductor. This study mainly focuses on VCO design using a MOS-based active inductor and is implemented and verified using UMC 180nm CMOS technology. The proposed VCO is resistorless and consists of an active inductor, two MOS capacitors, and the buffer circuits. The fundamental principle of this MOS-based VCO concept is to use MOS based inductor to replace the passive inductor, which is an active inductor that gives less area and low power usage. At 1 MHz frequency offset, the phase noise achieved by this proposed configuration is -102.78dBc/Hz. In the proposed VCO architecture, the frequency tuning range is 0.5GHz to 1.7GHz. This VCO design can accomplish this acceptable tuning range by altering the regulating voltage from 0.7V to 1.8V. This suggested architecture of proposed VCO design has the power consumption of 9mW with a 1.8V supply voltage. The suggested VCO has been shown to be a good fit for low-power RF circuit applications while preserving acceptable performance metrics

Posttraumatic chronic ossified extradural hematoma: A rare case report

Posttraumatic Chronic ossified extradural hematomas are rare entities. Natural absorption of EDH does not occurs due to calcification. Chronic ossified EDH is frequently present in paediatric age group. Careful regular follow-up is mandatory in conservatively managed case of EDH in children. We report a rare case of Posttraumatic Chronic ossified extradural hematomas in a 10-years old girl presenting six years after head injury with right temporal region swelling

Preliminary screening of osteoporosis and osteopenia in middle aged urban women from Hyderabad (INDIA) using calcaneal QUS

Background: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem, associated with substantial morbidity and socio-economic burden. An early detection can help in reducing the fracture rates and overall socio-economic burden in such patients. The present study was carried out to screen the bone status (osteopenia and osteoporosis) above the age of 25 years in urban women population in this region.Methods: A hospital based study was carried out in 316 women by calculating T-scores utilizing calcaneal QUS as diagnostic tool.Results: The result suggested that a substantial female population had oesteopenia and osteoporosis after the age of 45 years. The incidence of osteoporosis was (20.25%) and osteopenia (36.79%) with maximum number of both osteoporosis and osteopenic women recorded in the age group of (55-64 years). After the age of 65 years, there was an almost 100% incidence of either osteopenia or osteoporosis, indicating that it increases with age and in postmenopausal period, thereby suggesting lack of estrogenic activity might be responsible for this increasing trend. Religion, caste and diet had an influence on the outcome of osteopenic and osteoporosis score in present study, but still it has to be substantiated by conducting larger randomized clinical trials in future.Conclusions: A substantial female population was screened for osteoporosis and osteopenia using calcaneal QUS method utilizing same WHO T score criteria that otherwise shall remain undiagnosed and face the complications and menace of osteoporosis.

PLY WISE FAILURE ANALYSIS OF MONO LEAF SPRING USING HYBRID C-GFRP COMPOSITES

Composite materials are a better alternative for Leaf spring material in automobiles since they have higher stiffness, high impact energy absorption, lesser stresses and also higher strength to weight ratio. The objective is to study the ply wise failure criteria in the composite leaf springs. Leaf springs are modeled and analyzed using ACP PrePost and studied for failure criteria based on four failure theories which are: maximum stress failure theory, maximum strain failure theory, Tsai-Hill failure theory and Tsai-Wu failure theory. Failure load based on these theories is calculated by conducting a parametric study. To improve the maximum failure load, hybrid composites are designed and analyzed by replacing the top, bottom and center layers of the composite laminate. The four different cross-sections which are analyzed are Eglass/epoxy, HC1, HC2 and HC3. The study shows that replacing the top, bottom and center layers does improve the maximum failure load. Although this introduces higher stresses in the component, the stresses in the Eglass/epoxy material at the same positions from the center of the laminate are reduced. HC3 shows 30.7% increment in failure load by considering only vertical loads and 20.8% increment in failure load by considering vertical, side loads and twist moment simultaneously. There is an agreeable error of 1.44 – 1.65% in the results obtained for deformation and 0.88 – 1.33% for failure load between simulation and theoretical calculations. Mechanical properties of the Eglass/epoxy material are evaluated by conducting tensile test and three-point bending test. Mono leaf spring similar to the dimensions of Maruthi 800 vehicle is made using hand layup method. The load vs deformation results of leaf spring show a good agreement between the experimental and the simulation values

Public health insurance coverage in India before and after PM-JAY:Repeated cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative survey data

Introduction:The provision of non-contributory public health insurance (NPHI) to marginalised populations is a critical step along the path to universal health coverage. We aimed to assess the extent to which Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) - potentially, the world's largest NPHI programme - has succeeded in raising health insurance coverage of the poorest two-fifths of the population of India. Methods:We used nationally representative data from the National Family Health Survey on 633 699 and 601 509 households in 2015-2016 (pre-PM-JAY) and 2019-2021 (mostly, post PM-JAY), respectively. We stratified by urban/rural and estimated NPHI coverage nationally, and by state, district and socioeconomic categories. We decomposed coverage variance between states, districts, and households and measured socioeconomic inequality in coverage. For Uttar Pradesh, we tested whether coverage increased most in districts where PM-JAY had been implemented before the second survey and whether coverage increased most for targeted poorer households in these districts. Results:We estimated that NPHI coverage increased by 11.7 percentage points (pp) (95% CI 11.0% to 12.4%) and 8.0 pp (95% CI 7.3% to 8.7%) in rural and urban India, respectively. In rural areas, coverage increased most for targeted households and pro-rich inequality decreased. Geographical inequalities in coverage narrowed. Coverage did not increase more in states that implemented PM-JAY. In Uttar Pradesh, the coverage increase was larger by 3.4 pp (95% CI 0.9% to 6.0%) and 4.2 pp (95% CI 1.2% to 7.1%) in rural and urban areas, respectively, in districts exposed to PM-JAY and the increase was 3.5 pp (95% CI 0.9% to 6.1%) larger for targeted households in these districts. Conclusion:The introduction of PM-JAY coincided with increased public health insurance coverage and decreased inequality in coverage. But the gains cannot all be plausibly attributed to PM-JAY, and they are insufficient to reach the goal of universal coverage of the poor.</p

Intramedullary Mature Teratoma of Cervical spine in an Infant: A rare case report

Spinal Teratomas are rare tumor and cervical intramedullary location in infancy still rarer. Only eleven cases of cervical intramedullary teratoma in pediatric patients is reported in available literature (1, 11).We are reporting a case of an infant presenting with cervical mature teratoma with associated dysraphism, adding the next in this rare case series. Arising as a result of dysembryogenesis, these lesions by virtue of their content are difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Heterogeneous intensities on MRI produced by intralesional lipomatous and osseous elements are helpful but rarely enough to diagnose the tumor. Histology is confirmatory. Mature teratomas generally have good prognosis and a timely intervention can prevent further neurological deterioration. However a strict clinical and radiological follow up is recommended