Indoor Outdoor Scene Classification in Digital Images

In this paper, we present a method to classify real-world digital images into indoor and outdoor scenes. Indoor class consists of four groups: bedroom, kitchen, laboratory and library. Outdoor class consists of four groups: landscape, roads, buildings and garden. Application considers real-time system and has a dedicated data-set. Input images are pre-processed and converted into gray-scale and is re-sized to “128x128” dimensions. Pre-processed images are sent to “Gabor filters”, which pre-computes filter transfer functions, which are performed on Fourier domain. The processed signal is finally sent to GIST feature extraction and the images are classified using “kNN classifier”. Most of the techniques have been based on the use of texture and color space features. As of date, we have been able to achieve 80% accuracy with respect to image classification

EVOLUTION OF PROTEIN COMPLEXES IN BACTERIAL SPECIES

Protein complexes are composed of two or more associated polypeptide chains that may have different functions. Protein complexes play a critical role for all processes in life and are considered as highly conserved in evolution. In previous studies, protein complexes from E. coli or Mycoplasma pneumoniae have been characterized experimentally, revealing that a typical bacterial cell has on the order of 500 protein complexes. Using gene homology (orthology), these experimentally-observed complexes can be used to predict protein complexes across many species of bacteria. Surprisingly, the majority of protein complexes is not conserved, demonstrating an unexpected evolutionary flexibility. The current research investigates the evolution of 174 well-characterized (“reference”) protein complexes from E. coli that have three or more subunits. More specifically, we study the evolutionary flexibility by using evidence and patterns of the presence or absence of the subunits across a range of 894 bacterial species and to interpret whether the evolution is due to the loss or gain of a subunit in the protein complex. The purpose of this study is to determine how the presence or absence of a subunit affects the protein complexes’ functionality. We discuss the functional changes observed in a protein complex due to the presence or absence of a particular subunit by using a statistical approach and by confirming its significance.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/uresposters/1253/thumbnail.jp

Wireless Sensor Networks: A Performance Study of IEEE 802.15.4 Standard

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) play a key role in sensing, computing and communicating the information in most of the fields bringing substantial improvements in a broad spectrum of modern technologies. Data to be routed from source to destination is very difficult in WSN due to the mobility of the network elements and lack of central administration. In this paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the performance of routing protocol Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing (AODV) for the wireless sensor nodes(IEEE 802.15.4 standard). The performance of routing protocol is analysed using various metrics like total packets received, throughput, average end-to-end delay, total bytes received and average jitter using Qualnet 5.0.2 simulator

MODULATION AWARE CONNECTION ADMISSION CONTROL AND UPLINK SCHEDULING ALGORITHM FOR WIMAX NETWORKS

Mobile WiMAX standard defines air interface for mobile broadband wireless access (BWA) systems and aimed to provide high data rate with seamless mobility while maintaining the quality of service (QoS). However, QoS of real-time applications depends on the link quality, which necessitate the channel-aware connection admission control (CAC) and scheduling schemes. In this paper Modulation aware CAC scheme and base station (BS) uplink scheduling algorithm are proposed to improve the system capacity and QoS performance respectively. The proposed CAC scheme aims to increase the admission of higher priority real time services by degrading the bandwidth of admitted lower priority connections on the basis of their channel status without deteriorating their QoS performance much. The performances of proposed algorithms are evaluated through simulation by considering the metrics like throughput, delay and number of connections admitted

Channel Aware Uplink Scheduler for a Mobile Subscriber Station of IEEE 802.16e

The scheduling part of the IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) standards is kept as an open issue to provide differentiation among equipment manufacturers and operators. The uplink scheduling is very significant and more complex compared to downlink scheduling. Uplink scheduling is divided into two parts; one is scheduling the resources among many users from a base station (BS) and the other is sharing the resources among its services in a single user. BS uplink scheduling has been given more attention compared to subscriber station (SS) uplink scheduling. SS scheduler plays a significant role in providing the quality of service (QoS) among its services. The channel status awareness is vital in designing the SS scheduler as the channel conditions vary for a mobile user. This work proposes a scheduling algorithm for SS, which utilizes the channel information and queue length variation for the reallocation of received aggregated bandwidth grant to optimize the QoS parameters. The performance of the proposed algorithm is studied by conducting simulations using QualNet 5.0.2 simulation tool. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to improve the QoS

Performance Study of Bandwidth Request Mechanisms in IEEE 802.16e Networks

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the IEEE 802.16 standards-based wireless technology that provides fixed and mobile Internet access for Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN). The IEEE 802.16 std. includes medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layer pecifications and is consider to be a promising technology. Bandwidth reservation is employed to provide quality of service (QoS) to guarantee different services specified in the standard. A bandwidth request/grant scheme is defined in the IEEE 802.16 standard. There are two types of bandwidth request (BR) mechanisms, i.e., polling and contention resolution, which are defined in the standard. As specified, connections belonging to scheduling classes of extended real-time polling service, non-real-time polling service, and best effort have options to make BRs via both mechanisms, depending on the scheduling decision made by the base station (BS). This paper attempts the comparative study of BR mechanisms for different service classes defined in the standard

Simulation and Emulation Approach for the Performance Evaluation of Adaptive Modulation and Coding Scheme in Mobile WiMAX Network

WiMAX is the IEEE 802.16e standard-based wireless technology, provides Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) for Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN). Being the wireless channels are precious and limited, adapting the appropriate modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for the state of the radio channel leads to an optimal average data rate. The standard supports adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) on the basis of signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) condition of the radio link. This paper made an attempt to study the performance of AMC scheme in Mobile WiMAX network using simulation and emulation methods. Different MCS are adopted by mobile subscriber station (MSS) on the basis of the detected instantaneous SINR. Simulation results demonstrate the impact of modulation and coding scheme on the performance of the system and emulation results defend the simulation results