Tumor Vaccine Based on Targeted Neoantigen: A Powerful Immunotherapy Weapon in Acute Meyroid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common type of leukemia. The existing chemotherapy regimens and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can not achieve the ideal treatment effect, and more efficient treatment methods are needed in the clinical treatment of AML patients. As a star method of immunotherapy, tumor vaccines have attracted much attention. Choosing neoantigen as the target antigen in vaccine is a new and exploreable design plan for AML. In this review, we will carefully summarize the current neoantigen-related vaccine research progress, reasonably speculate its application prospects in AML, and put forward the key challenges and risks in the research

An acoustic metamaterial lens for acoustic point-to-point communication in air

Acoustic metamaterials have become a novel and effective way to control sound waves and design acoustic devices. In this study, we design a 3D acoustic metamaterial lens (AML) to achieve point-to-point acoustic communication in air: any acoustic source (i.e. a speaker) in air enclosed by such an AML can produce an acoustic image where the acoustic wave is focused (i.e. the field intensity is at a maximum, and the listener can receive the information), while the acoustic field at other spatial positions is low enough that listeners can hear almost nothing. Unlike a conventional elliptical reflective mirror, the acoustic source can be moved around inside our proposed AML. Numerical simulations are given to verify the performance of the proposed AML

Solving for Dispersivity in Field Dispersion Test of Unsteady Flow in Mixing Flow Field: Mass Transport Modeling

AbstractA combined groundwater flow and mass transport model was constructed to simulate the migration of contaminants and to obtain dispersion parameters from a field dispersion test in unsteady flow in mixing flow field in groundwater. Aquifer parameters were obtained by a pumping test. Tracer tests were carried out in order to characterize the characteristics of groundwater flow and to determine the velocity of the pollutant diffusion process from the source to the pumping well. Groundwater head and velocity were analyzed in the groundwater flow model and the total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration was computed in the mass transport model. The observed drawdown and the observed TDS concentration were found to respectively match closely with the computed drawdown and TDS concentration

Phase Field Characterization of Rock Fractures in Brazilian Splitting Test Specimens Containing Voids and Inclusions

The Brazilian splitting test is a widely used testing procedure for characterizing the tensile strength of natural rock or rock-like material due to the fact. However, the results of Brazilian tests on specimens with naturally existing voids and inclusions are strongly influenced by size effects and boundary conditions, while numerical modeling can assist in explaining and understanding the mechanisms. On the other hand, the potential of utilizing Brazilian test to characterize inhomogeneous deformation of rock samples with voids and inclusions of dissimilar materials still awaits to be explored. In the present study, fracture mechanisms in Brazilian discs with circular voids and filled inclusions are investigated by using the phase field model (PFM). The PFM is implemented within the framework of finite element method to study the influence of diameter, eccentricity, and quantity of the voids and inclusions on the fracture patterns and stress-strain curves. The phase field simulations can reproduce previous experimental phenomena and furthermore it deepens the understanding of the influence of inclusion and voids on the fracture pattern, overall strength and deformation behavior of inhomogeneous rock. The findings in the study highlight the potential of characterizing inhomogeneous rock through combining Brazilian tests and numerical modeling

Generation of novel high quality HMW-GS genes in two introgression lines of Triticum aestivum/Agropyron elongatum

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) have been proved to be mostly correlated with the processing quality of common wheat (<it>Triticum aestivum</it>). But wheat cultivars have limited number of high quality HMW-GS. However, novel HMW-GS were found to be present in many wheat asymmetric somatic hybrid introgression lines of common wheat/<it>Agropyron elongatum</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To exploit how these new subunits were generated, we isolated HMW-GS genes from two sib hybrid lines (II-12 and 11-4-6) and compared them with those from their parents. The result shows that two genes of hybrid (<it>H11-3-3 </it>and <it>H11-4-3</it>) are directly introgressed from the donor parent <it>Agropyron elongatum</it>; one hybrid gene (<it>H1Dx5</it>) comes from point mutation of a parental wheat gene (<it>1Dx2.1</it>); two other hybrid genes (<it>H1By8 </it>and <it>H1By16</it>) are likely resulting from unequal crossover or slippage of a parental wheat gene (<it>1By9.1</it>); and the sixth novel hybrid gene (<it>H1Dy12</it>) may come from recombination between two parental genes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Therefore, we demonstrate that novel HMW-GS genes can be rapidly created through asymmetric somatic hybridization in a manner similar with the evolution mechanism of these genes supposed before. We also described gene shuffling as a new mechanism of novel HMW-GS gene formation in hybrids. The results suggest that asymmetric somatic hybridization is an important approach for widening HMW-GS genebank of wheat quality improvement.</p

Improving WalkSAT for Random 3-SAT Problems

Stochastic local search (SLS) algorithms are well known for their ability to efficiently find models of random instances of the Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problems. One of the most famous SLS algorithms for SAT is called WalkSAT, which has wide influence and performs well on most of random 3-SAT instances. However, the performance of WalkSAT lags far behind on random 3-SAT instances equal to or greater than the phase transition ratio. Motivated by this limitation, in the present work, firstly an allocation strategy is introduced and utilized in WalkSAT to determine the initial assignment, leading to a new algorithm called WalkSATvav. The experimental results show that WalkSATvav significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art SLS solvers on random 3-SAT instances at the phase transition for SAT Competition 2017. However, WalkSATvav cannot rival its competitors on random 3-SAT instances greater than the phase transition ratio. Accordingly, WalkSATvav is further improved for such instances by utilizing a combination of an improved genetic algorithm and an improved ant colony algorithm, which complement each other in guiding the search direction. The resulting algorithm, called WalkSATga, is far better than WalkSAT and significantly outperforms some previous known SLS solvers on random 3-SAT instances greater than the phase transition ratio from SAT Competition 2017. Finally, a new SAT solver called WalkSATlg, which combines WalkSATvav and WalkSATga, is proposed, which is competitive with the winner of random satisfiable category of SAT competition 2017 on random 3-SAT problem