Energy distribution of electrons with E < 800 eV in the areomagnetosphere

The electron distribution functions measured in the neighborhood of Mars by means of the Hyperbolic Retarding Potential Analyzer (HARP) carried aboard the Phobos 2 spacecraft are presented. The measurements were carried out over an energy/charge (E/q) from ~0.3 eV to ~800 eV in eight independent angular sectors ~ 20[deg] x 10[deg] covering the FOV ~ 180[deg] in the X-Z plane in the antisolar directions.The total intensity and energy distribution function of electrons downstream of the bow shock clearly differ from those in the undisturbed solar wind. The electron fluxes are significantly increased and the energy distribution of electrons in the magnetosheath was found to be characterized by the double-peaked structure. The high energy fluxes often exceed the flux values for the low energy peak.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29560/1/0000648.pd

Addiction in the Light of African Values: Undermining Vitality and Community

In this article I address the question of what makes addiction morally problematic, and seek to answer it by drawing on values salient in the sub-Saharan African philosophical tradition. Specifically, I appeal to life-force and communal relationship, each of which African philosophers have at times advanced as a foundational value, and spell out how addiction, or at least salient instances of it, could be viewed as unethical for flouting them. I do not seek to defend either vitality or community as the best explanation of when and why addiction is immoral, instead arguing that each of these characteristically African values grounds an independent and plausible account of that. I conclude that both vitalism and communalism merit consideration as rivals to accounts that Western ethicists would typically make, according to which addiction is immoral insofar as it degrades rationality or autonomy, as per Kantianism, or causes pain or dissatisfaction, à la utilitarianism

Spirituality and intersubjectivity : a philosophical understanding of the relation between the spiritual nature of persons and basic structures of intersubjectivity

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 1982.No abstract availabl

The human meaning of religion : an enquiry into the possibility of the translation of Christian faith into secular language with special reference to Kant and Hegel

Thesis (M.A.) -- Stellenbosch Universiteit, 1971.Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record