A REVIEW OF THE LINYPHIID SPIDER GENUS SOLENYSA (ARANEAE, LINYPHIIDAE)

Volume: 34Start Page: 87End Page: 9

Figure 9 from: Zhao Q, Li S (2017) Callosa gen. n., a new troglobitic genus from southwest China (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 703: 109-128. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.703.13641

A new linyphiid genus Callosa gen. n., with two new species Callosa ciliata sp. n. (♂♀, type species) and Callosa baiseensis sp. n. (♂♀), from southwest China are described. Detailed description of genitalic characters and somatic features is provided, as well as light microscopy and SEM micrographs of each species. Callosa gen. n. was found in caves in Yunnan and Guangxi, and its copulatory organs are similar to those of Bathyphantes and Porrhomma, but differ greatly in details. The monophyly and placement of Callosa gen. n. are supported by the results of molecular analysis

Deciphering the Underlying Mechanism of Eucommiae Cortex against Osteoporotic Fracture by Network Pharmacology

Background. Du Zhong (DZ), or Eucommiae Cortex, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been used to treat osteoporosis. Although it has been reported that DZ can improve bone mass in ovariectomized rats, its pharmacological mechanisms in treating osteoporotic fractures (OPF) remain unclear. Methods. In this study, we used a network pharmacological manner to explore its potential complicated mechanism in treating OPF. We obtained DZ compounds from TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases and collected potential targets of these compounds through target fishing based on TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases. Next, we collected the OPF targets by using CTD, GeneCards, OMIM, HPO, and GenCLiP 3 databases. And then the overlapping genes between DZ potential targets and OPF targets were used to build up the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and to analyze their interactions and find out the big hub genes in this network. Subsequently, clusterProfiler package in R language was utilized to conduct the enrichment of Gene Ontology biological process and KEGG pathways. Results. There were totally 93 active compounds and 916 related targets in DZ. After the enrichment analysis, we collected top 25 cellular biological processes and top 25 pathways based on the adjusted P value and found that the DZ anti-OPF effect was mainly associated with the regulation of ROS and inflammatory response. Furthermore, 64 hub genes in PPI network, such as MAPK1 (degree = 41), SRC (degree = 39), PIK3R1 (degree = 36), VEGFA (degree = 31), TP53 (degree = 29), EGFR (degree = 29), JUN (degree = 29), AGT (degree = 29), MAPK1, SRC, PIK3R1, VEGFA, and TP53, were considered as potential therapeutic targets, implying the underlying mechanisms of DZ acting on OPF. Conclusion. We investigated the possible therapeutic mechanisms of DZ from a systemic perspective. These key targets and pathways provided promising directions for the future research to reveal the exact regulating mechanisms of DZ in treating OPF

An efficient molten‐salt electro‐deoxidation strategy enabling fast‐kinetics and long‐life aluminum–selenium batteries

Abstract Aluminum–selenium (Al–Se) batteries have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems owing to their high capacity, energy density, and cost effectiveness, but Se falls challenges in addressing the shuttle effect of soluble intermediate product and sluggish reaction kinetics in the solid–solid conversion process during cycling. Herein, we propose an unprecedented design concept for fabricating uniform Se/C hollow microspheres with controllable morphologies through low‐temperature electro‐deoxidation in neutral NaCl–AlCl3 molten salt system. Such Se/C hollow microspheres are demonstrated to hold a favorable hollow structure for hosting Se, which can not only suppress the dissolution of soluble intermediate products into the electrolyte, thereby maintaining the structural integrity and maximizing Se utilization of the active material, but also promote the electrical/ionic conductivity, thus facilitating the rapid reaction kinetics during cycling. Accordingly, the as‐prepared Se/C hollow microspheres exhibit a high reversible capacity of 720.1 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1. Even at the high current density of 1000 mA g−1, Se/C delivers a high discharge capacity of 564.0 mAh g−1, long‐term stability over 1100 cycles and high Coulombic efficiency of 98.6%. This present work provides valuable insights into short‐process recovery of advanced Se‐containing materials and value‐added utilization for energy storage

Minimally access via left anterior mini-thoracotomy for repair of adult subarterial ventricular septal defects

Abstract Background Minimally invasive cardiac surgical techniques are increasingly applied in the treatment and management of a variety of adult ventricular septal defects (VSDs). However, repair of adult subarterial VSDs via left anterior mini-thoracotomy is rarely reported. The present study aimed to determine the feasibility and safety of the left anterior mini-thoracotomy for the repair of adult subarterial VSDs. Methods Twenty-seven adult patients underwent repair of subarterial VSDs via left anterior mini-thoracotomy. The approach includes two options for skin incision access, longitudinal and transverse skin incisions. The skin incision length was 4.1–6.1 cm (mean, 5.1 ± 0.6 cm). The closure of the VSDs was obtained through the main pulmonary artery under direct visualization. Results Successful repair of the defects was achieved in all the patients. No patients died or converted to median sternotomy. Average durations of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamp were 102.5 ± 13.6 min (range, 85–127 min) and 54.6 ± 6.9 min (range, 45–66 min), respectively. No patients required blood transfusion. The average postoperative hospital stay was 5.1 ± 0.7 days (range, 4–6 days). There were no postoperative complications related to the operative procedures or peripheral cannulation. During the follow-up of 5.4–32.3 months, no patients were found to have residual shunt, wound infections, pericardial effusion, neurologic or other complications. Conclusion Our experiences demonstrate that minimally invasive cardiac surgical technique via left anterior mini-thoracotomy can be served as a novel, feasible and safe alternative for the repair of adult subarterial VSDs

Exfoliation Mechanism of Graphite Cathode in Ionic Liquids

Graphene has been successfully electrochemically exfoliated by electrolysis of cathode graphite in the aluminum-ion battery with ionic liquid electrolyte comprising AlCl₃ and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIm]­Cl). The AlCl₄^–, Al₂Cl₇^–, etc., intercalation into graphite flakes in ionic liquid of the aluminum-ion battery by different electrolysis processes to exfoliate graphite has been researched in detail. As a result of the enhanced structural flexibility, the intercalant gallery height increases in the less than five-layer graphene film, providing more free space for AlCl₄^–, Al₂Cl₇^–, etc. transport. Therefore, a quantity of 3–5 layers rather than 1–2 layers of graphene can be obtained. The results clearly demonstrate that graphene has been produced in the graphite cathode in <b>AlCl</b>_<b>3</b><b>/EMImCl</b> ionic liquids, which is significantly meaningful for accelerating the theoretical research and industrialized application of graphene. Meanwhile, it has a vitally important role for promoting the recycling Al-ion batteries