47 research outputs found
ALMA 0.5 kpc Resolution Spatially Resolved Investigations of Nuclear Dense Molecular Gas Properties in Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies Based on HCN and HCO Three Transition Line Data
We present the results of our ALMA 0.5 kpc-resolution dense
molecular line (HCN and HCO J=2-1, J=3-2, and J=4-3) observations of 12
nearby (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies ([U]LIRGs). After matching beam sizes
of all molecular line data to the same values in all (U)LIRGs, we derive
molecular line flux ratios, by extracting spectra in the central 0.5, 1, 2 kpc
circular regions, and 0.5-1 and 1-2 kpc annular regions. Based on non-LTE model
calculations, we quantitatively confirm that the innermost (0.5 kpc)
molecular gas is very dense (10 cm) and warm
(300 K) in ULIRGs, and that in one LIRG is also modestly dense
(10 cm) and warm (100 K). We then investigate the spatial
variation of the HCN-to-HCO flux ratios and high-J to low-J flux ratios
of HCN and HCO. A subtle sign of decreasing trend of these ratios from
the innermost (0.5 kpc) to outer nuclear (0.5-2 kpc) region is
discernible in a significant fraction of the observed ULIRGs. For two
AGN-hosting ULIRGs which display the trend most clearly, we find based on a
Bayesian approach that the HCN-to-HCO abundance ratio and gas kinetic
temperature systematically increase from the outer nuclear to the innermost
region. We suggest that this trend comes from potential AGN effects, because no
such spatial variation is found in a starburst-dominated LIRG.Comment: 62 pages, 29 figures. ApJ accepted. Higher resolution version is
available at http://www2.nao.ac.jp/~masaimanishi/Aph/ImanishiULIRG500pcH.pd
Dense Molecular Gas Properties of the Central Kpc of Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies Constrained by ALMA Three Transition-line Observations
We report the results of ALMA 1-2 kpc-resolution, three rotational transition
line (J=2-1, J=3-2, and J=4-3) observations of multiple dense molecular gas
tracers (HCN, HCO, and HNC) for ten nearby (ultra)luminous infrared
galaxies ([U]LIRGs). Following the matching of beam sizes to 1-2 kpc for each
(U)LIRG, the high-J to low-J transition-line flux ratios of each molecule and
the emission line flux ratios of different molecules at each J transition are
derived. We conduct RADEX non-LTE model calculations and find that, under a
wide range of gas density and kinetic temperature, the observed
HCN-to-HCO flux ratios in the overall (U)LIRGs are naturally reproduced
with enhanced HCN abundance compared to HCO. Thereafter, molecular gas
properties are constrained primarily through the use of HCN and HCO data
and the adoption of fiducial values for the HCO column density and
HCN-to-HCO abundance ratio. We quantitatively confirm the following: (1)
Molecular gas at the (U)LIRGs' nuclei is dense (10 cm)
and warm (100 K). (2) Molecular gas density and temperature in nine
ULIRGs' nuclei are significantly higher than that of one LIRG's nucleus. (3)
Molecular gas in starburst-dominated sources tends to be less dense and cooler
than ULIRGs with luminous AGN signatures. For six selected sources, we also
apply a Bayesian approach by freeing all parameters and support the above main
results. Our ALMA 1-2 kpc resolution, multiple transition-line data of multiple
molecules are a very powerful tool for scrutinizing the properties of molecular
gas concentrated around luminous energy sources in nearby (U)LIRGs' nuclei.Comment: 42 pages, 13 figures. ApJ accepte
AGN X-ray irradiation of CO gas in NGC 2110 revealed by and ALMA
We report spatial distributions of the Fe-K line at 6.4 keV and the
CO( = 2--1) line at 230.538 GHz in NGC 2110, which are respectively revealed
by and ALMA at 0.5 arcsec. A 6.2--6.5
keV-to-3.0--6.0 keV image suggests that the Fe-K emission extends
preferentially in a northwest-to-southeast direction out to 3 arcsec, or
500 pc, on each side. Spatially-resolved spectral analyses support this by
finding significant Fe-K emission lines only in northwest and southeast
regions. Moreover, their equivalent widths are found 1.5 keV, indicative
for the fluorescence by nuclear X-ray irradiation as the physical origin. By
contrast, CO( = 2--1) emission is weak therein. For quantitative discussion,
we derive ionization parameters by following an X-ray dominated region (XDR)
model. We then find them high enough to interpret the weakness as the result of
X-ray dissociation of CO and/or H. Another possibility also remains that CO
molecules follow a super-thermal distribution, resulting in brighter emission
in higher- lines. Further follow-up observations are encouraged to draw a
conclusion on what predominantly changes the inter-stellar matter properties,
and whether the X-ray irradiation eventually affects the surrounding star
formation as an AGN feedback.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in Ap
Pharmacovigilance evaluation of the relationship between impaired glucose metabolism and BCRâABL inhibitor use by using an adverse drug event reporting database
Breakpoint cluster regionâAbelson murine leukemia (BCRâABL) inhibitors markedly improve the prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. However, high treatment adherence is necessary for successful treatment with BCRâABL inhibitors. Therefore, an adequate understanding of the adverse event profiles of BCRâABL inhibitors is essential. Although many adverse events are observed in trials, an accurate identification of adverse events based only on clinical trial results is difficult because of strict entry criteria or limited followâup durations. In particular, BCRâABL inhibitorâinduced impaired glucose metabolism remains controversial. Pharmacovigilance evaluations using spontaneous reporting systems are useful for analyzing drugârelated adverse events in clinical settings. Therefore, we conducted signal detection analyses for BCRâABL inhibitorâinduced impaired glucose metabolism by using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. Signals for an increased reporting rate of impaired glucose metabolism were detected only for nilotinib use, whereas these signals were not detected for other BCRâABL inhibitors. Subgroup analyses showed a clearly increased nilotinibâassociated reporting rate of impaired glucose metabolism in male and younger patients. Although FAERSâ and JADERâbased signal detection analyses cannot determine causality perfectly, our study suggests the effects on glucose metabolism are different between BCRâABL inhibitors and provides useful information for the selection of appropriate BCRâABL inhibitors
Development of monitoring tool by pharmacists
Purpose: Drug side effects often lead to serious outcomes. Administration of second-generation antipsychotics has resulted in diabetic ketoacidosis and diabetic coma leading to death. Therefore, pharmacists are required to collect information on clinical test values, determine the appropriate test timing, and coordinate with doctors for further clinical laboratory orders, all of which are labor- and time-intensive tasks. In this study, we developed a side effect-monitoring tool and aimed to clarify the influence and efficiency of monitoring side effects by using the tool in patients taking atypical antipsychotics in whom it is necessary to check clinical test values such as blood sugar levels.
Methods: We extracted clinical test values for patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics from electronic medical records. The test values are automatically displayed in the side effect grade classification specified by CTCAE ver. 4.0. A database was constructed using scripts to provide alerts for the timing of clinical testing. The pharmacist used this tool to confirm clinical test values for patients taking medication and requested the physician to inspect orders based on the appropriate test timings.
Results: The management tool reduced the pharmacistsâ effort in collecting information on patientsâ prescription status and test values. It enabled patients to undergo tests at the appropriate time according to the progression of glucose metabolism and allowed for easy monitoring of side effects.
Conclusion: The results suggested that regardless of pharmacistsâ experience or skill, the introduction of this tool enables centralization of side-effect monitoring and can contribute to proper drug use
Supermassive black hole feeding and feedback observed on sub-parsec scales
Active galaxies contain a supermassive black hole at their center, which
grows by accreting matter from the surrounding galaxy. The accretion process in
the central ~10 parsecs has not been directly resolved in previous
observations, due to the small apparent angular sizes involved. We observed the
active nucleus of the Circinus Galaxy using sub-millimeter interferometry. A
dense inflow of molecular gas is evident on sub-parsec scales. We calculate
that less than 3% of this inflow is accreted by the black hole, with the rest
being ejected by multiphase outflows, providing feedback to the host galaxy.
The observations also reveal a dense gas disk surrounding the inflow; the disk
is gravitationally unstable which drives the accretion into the central ~1
parsec.Comment: First release on Nov 3, 2023 in Science. 32 pages in one column =
Main (13 pages, 4 figures) + Supplement (19 pages, 9 figures + 2 tables).
This is the accepted version after peer revie
Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). XIII. Large-scale Feedback and Star Formation in a Low-luminosity Quasar at z = 7.07 on the Local Black Hole to Host Mass Relation
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array [C II] 158 Îźm line and underlying far-infrared (FIR) continuum emission observations (0 70 Ă 0 56 resolution) toward HSC J124353.93+010038.5 (J1243+0100) at z = 7.07, the only low-luminosity (M1450 > â25 mag) quasar currently known at z > 7. The FIR continuum is bright (1.52 mJy) and resolved with a total luminosity of LFIR = 3.5 Ă 1012 Le. The spatially extended component is responsible for âź40% of the emission. The area-integrated [C II] spectrum shows a broad wing (FWHM = 997 km sâ1 , L[C II] = 1.2 Ă 109 Le), as well as a bright core (FWHM = 235 km sâ1 , L[C II] = 1.9 Ă 109 Le). This wing is the first detection of a galactic-scale quasar-driven outflow (atomic outflow rate >447 Me yrâ1 ) at z > 7. The estimated large mass-loading factor of the total outflow (e.g., 9 relative to the [C II]-based star formation rate) suggests that this outflow will soon quench the star formation of the host. The core gas dynamics are governed by rotation, with a rotation curve suggestive of a compact bulge (âź3.3 Ă 1010 Me), although it is not yet spatially resolved. Finally, we found that J1243+0100 has a black hole massâtoâdynamical mass (and âtoâbulge mass) ratio of âź0.4% (âź1%), consistent with the local value within the uncertainties. Our results therefore suggest that the black holeâhost coevolution relation is already in place at z âź 7 for this object
Ripening-associated ethylene biosynthesis in tomato fruit is autocatalytically and developmentally regulated
To investigate the regulatory mechanism(s) of ethylene biosynthesis in fruit, transgenic tomatoes with all known LeEIL genes suppressed were produced by RNA interference engineering. The transgenic tomato exhibited ethylene insensitivity phenotypes such as non-ripening and the lack of the triple response and petiole epinasty of seedlings even in the presence of exogenous ethylene. Transgenic fruit exhibited a low but consistent increase in ethylene production beyond 40 days after anthesis (DAA), with limited LeACS2 and LeACS4 expression. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a potent inhibitor of ethylene perception, failed to inhibit the limited increase in ethylene production and expression of the two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) genes in the transgenic fruit. These results suggest that ripening-associated ethylene (system 2) in wild-type tomato fruit consists of two parts: a small part regulated by a developmental factor through the ethylene-independent expression of LeACS2 and LeACS4 and a large part regulated by an autocatalytic system due to the ethylene-dependent expression of the same genes. The results further suggest that basal ethylene (system 1) is less likely to be involved in the transition to system 2. Even if the effect of system 1 ethylene is eliminated, fruit can show a small increase in ethylene production due to unknown developmental factors. This increase would be enough for the stimulation of autocatalytic ethylene production, leading to fruit ripening
BASS XXXIV: A Catalog of the Nuclear Mm-wave Continuum Emission Properties of AGNs Constrained on Scales 100--200 pc
We present a catalog of the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) continuum properties of
98 nearby ( 0.05) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected from the 70-month
Swift/BAT hard X-ray catalog that have precisely determined X-ray spectral
properties and subarcsec-resolution ALMA Band-6 (211--275 GHz) observations as
of 2021 April. Due to the hard-X-ray ( 10 keV) selection, the sample is
nearly unbiased for obscured systems at least up to Compton-thick-level
obscuration, and provides the largest number of AGNs with high physical
resolution mm-wave data ( 100--200 pc). Our catalog reports emission
peak coordinates, spectral indices, and peak fluxes and luminosities at 1.3 mm
(230 GHz). Additionally, high-resolution mm-wave images are provided. Using the
images and creating radial surface brightness profiles of mm-wave emission, we
identify emission extending from the central source and isolated blob-like
emission. Flags indicating the presence of these emission features are
tabulated. Among 90 AGNs with significant detections of nuclear emission, 37
AGNs ( 41%) appear to have both or one of extended or blob-like
components. We, in particular, investigate AGNs that show well-resolved mm-wave
components and find that these seem to have a variety of origins (i.e., a jet,
radio lobes, a secondary AGN, stellar clusters, a narrow line region, galaxy
disk, active star-formation regions, and AGN-driven outflows), and some
components have currently unclear origins.Comment: 49 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ