Double Tuned Cosine Coil for NMR Imaging/Microscopy

The fabrication of a cosine coil having unevenly distributed struts is detailed. Placing the struts in such a manner enables a standing wave at the desired frequency and, hence, only one resonance frequency is obtained. This study details the fabrication of a cosine coil tuned to the LJ-7 frequency (77.76 MHz) and then double-tuned to the H-1 frequency (200.1 MHz) when operated at 4.7 Tesla. Double-tuning is attained by placing an LC trap in series with a capacitor used to single-tune the coil. Also, a method is suggested by which a cosine coil can be broadbanded in the lower frequency range simply by replacing a fixed capacitor

Correlations between Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H MRS) in schizophrenic patients and normal controls

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Evidence suggests that white matter integrity may play an underlying pathophysiological role in schizophrenia. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), as measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), is a neuronal marker and is decreased in white matter lesions and regions of axonal loss. It has also been found to be reduced in the prefrontal and temporal regions in patients with schizophrenia. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) allows one to measure the orientations of axonal tracts as well as the coherence of axonal bundles. DTI is thus sensitive to demyelination and other structural abnormalities. DTI has also shown abnormalities in these regions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>MRS and DTI were obtained on 42 healthy subjects and 40 subjects with schizophrenia. The data was analyzed using regions of interests in the Dorso-Lateral Prefrontal white matter, Medial Temporal white matter and Occipital white matter using both imaging modalities.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>NAA was significantly reduced in the patient population in the Medial Temporal regions. DTI anisotropy indices were also reduced in the same Medial Temporal regions. NAA and DTI-anisotropy indices were also correlated in the left medial temporal region.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results implicate defects in the medial temporal white matter in patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, MRS and DTI are complementary modalities for the study of white matter disruptions in patients with schizophrenia.</p

Early-life stress, corpus callosum development, hippocampal volumetrics, and anxious behavior in male nonhuman primates

Male bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) were subjected to the variable foraging demand (VFD) early stress paradigm as infants, MRI scans were completed an average of 4 years later, and behavioral assessments of anxiety and ex-vivo corpus callosum (CC) measurements were made when animals were fully matured. VFD rearing was associated with smaller CC size, CC measurements were found to correlate with fearful behavior in adulthood, and ex-vivo CC assessments showed high consistency with earlier MRI measures. Region of interest (ROI) hippocampus and whole brain voxel-based morphometry assessments were also completed and VFD rearing was associated with reduced hippocampus and inferior and middle temporal gyri volumes. the animals were also characterized according to serotonin transporter genotype (5-HTTLPR), and the effect of genotype on imaging parameters was explored. the current findings highlight the importance of future research to better understand the effects of stress on brain development in multiple regions, including the corpus callosum, hippocampus, and other regions involved in emotion processing. Nonhuman primates provide a powerful model to unravel the mechanisms by which early stress and genetic makeup interact to produce long-term changes in brain development, stress reactivity, and risk for psychiatric disorders. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Nonhuman Primate Facil, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USAColumbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York State Psychiat Inst, Dept Biol Psychiat, New York, NY USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, LiNC, Dept Psiquiatria, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Coracao, Serv Informat Med, BR-05508 São Paulo, BrazilMt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USAComprehens NeuroSci Inc, White Plains, NY USANew York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Dept Mol Imaging & Neuropathol, New York, NY 10032 USAColumbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pathol & Cell Biol, New York, NY USACornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Radiol, New York, NY 10021 USACornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10021 USACornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Biophys, New York, NY 10021 USAYale Univ, Sch Med, Div Human Genet Psychiat, New Haven, CT USAYale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT USABaylor Coll Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, LiNC, Dept Psiquiatria, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

International Workshop:: Outcome measures and clinical trial readiness in primary mitochondrial myopathies in children and adults. Consensus recommendations. 16&#226;&#128;&#147;18 November 2016, Rome, Italy

No abstract available