Grading Quality of Evidence and Strength of Recommendations for Diagnostic Tests and Strategies

A guideline\u2019s formulation should include a clear question with specification of all outcomes of importance to patients GRADE offers four levels of evidence quality: high, moderate, low, and very low Randomised trials begin as high quality evidence and observational studies as low quality evidence Quality may be downgraded as a result of limitations in study design or implementation, imprecision of estimates (wide confidence intervals), variability in results, indirectness of evidence, or publication bias Quality may be upgraded because of a very large magnitude of effect, a dose-response gradient, . . . [Full text of this article

Características qualitativas de genótipos de cebola Qualitative characteristics of onion genotypes

Objetivou-se, com o trabalho, avaliar alguns atributos de qualidade de diferentes genótipos de cebola (Allium cepa L.), cultivados em Mossoró-RN. O experimento foi realizado na horta experimental no Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, em delineamento de blocos casualizados completos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos genótipos de cebola CNPH 6415, CNPH 6047, CNPH 6244, CNPH 6400 Chata, CNPH 6400 Redonda, CPACT 1, CPACT 2, CPACT 3, Granex 429, Belém IPA 9, BRS Cascata, Crioula Alto Vale, Bola Precoce, Primavera, Régia, Valeouro IPA-11, Brisa e Alfa São Francisco. As características avaliadas foram teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, teor de vitamina C e teor de ácido pirúvico (pungência). Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os genótipos para todas as características avaliadas. Os genótipos apresentaram uma variação significativa para todas as características avaliadas, confirmando dessa forma que o fator genético é determinante na caracterização de cada material. O teor de sólidos solúveis totais variou de 6,67 a 11,63 (º Brix), vitamina C de 22,7 a 46,81 (mg ácido ascórbico/100 ml de suco) e a acidez total titulável de 0,19 a 0,45 (% de ácido pirúvico). Os genótipos apresentaram pungência intermediária com variação de 5,0 a 12,73 (µmol/g), sendo os menos pungentes Granex 429, CNPH 6047, Régia, Primavera e Belém IPA 9.<br>The aim of this work was to evaluate some attributes of quality of different genotypes of onion (Allium cepa L.), cultivated in Mossoró-RN. The experiment was carried out in the vegetable garden of Plant Science Department at Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. The experimental outline was of randomized complete blocks with four replications. The treatments were constituted by the genotypes of onion CNPH 6415, CNPH 6047, CNPH 6244, CNPH 6400 Chata, CNPH 6400 Redonda, CPACT 1, CPACT 2, CPACT 3, Granex 429, Belém IPA 9, BRS Cascata, Crioula Alto Vale, Bola Precoce, Primavera, Régia, Valeouro IPA-11, Brisa and Alfa São Francisco. The evaluated characteristics were total soluble solid, titrate acidity, vitamin C and pyruvic acid (pungency). The genotypes presented a significant variation for all the evaluated characteristics, confirming in such a way that the genetic factor is determinative in the characterization of each material. The total soluble solid varied from 6,67 to 11,63 (ºBrix), vitamin C from 22,7 to 46.81 (mg acid ascórbico/100 ml of juice) and the titrate acidity from 0,19 to 0.45 (% of pyruvic acid). The genotypes presented intermediate pungency with variation of 5,0 the 12,73 (µmol/g), being the least pungent Granex 429, CNPH 6047, Régia, Primavera e Belém IPA 9. Considering the group of the appraised characteristics, the genotypes BR Cascata, CNPH 6244, Belém IPA 9, IPA 11 and Primavera were the best in the conditions of Mossoró