Development of disaster prevention education video and teaching materials on the theme of local natural disasters: Joint research between Higashi-Hiroshima City and Hiroshima University triggered by the heavy rains in western Japan in July 2018

In this paper, we introduce the production of a disaster prevention education video based on the natural disasters of Higashi-Hiroshima City, and the proposal of lessons using the video through joint research between Higashi-Hiroshima City and Hiroshima University. Introducing the efforts of this project would be help develop disaster prevention education materials in other areas. The project was adopted in early June 2019 and continued for 9 months. The materials are intended for the upper grades of elementary school. The contents are as follows: disaster prevention education video, lesson plan using video, worksheets for lesson, debris flow distribution map, and disaster photos caused by the 2018 heavy rain in each elementary school district, and City hazard map. The video was created by collecting interviews with local residents, movies and photographs of flood monuments, debris flow, public assistance, and local-organized assistance. From the questionnaire results for the video to junior high school students, the video’s content was highly evaluated. It is suggested that it is necessary to raise awareness of disaster prevention by giving lessons based on local natural disasters such as the materials.本論文の内容の一部は，2020年度地理科学学会秋季学術大会で口頭発表しました

Mutation Type and Intracranial Aneurysm Formation in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Background Screening for intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in patients with risk factors of IA is recommended. However, genetic risk factors of IA in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) remain unclear, and genotype–phenotype relationships in IAs in patients with ADPKD have not been clarified. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the associations between germline mutations and IA formation in patients with ADPKD. Methods A total of 135 patients with ADPKD who were evaluated for ADPKD mutations were examined for IA formation in this single‐center observational study. Results The incidence of de novo IA formation was 1.3% per patient‐year. Age at IA diagnosis was younger in patients with frameshift (median, 36 years; P=0.003) and splicing mutations (median, 43 years; P=0.046) than in patients with substitutions (median, 63 years). Multivariable analyses showed that IA was associated with female sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.32 [95% CI, 1.10–10.01]; P=0.03), a family history of IA or subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR, 3.05 [95% CI, 1.07–8.71]; P=0.04), estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.54–0.87]; P=0.002), and splicing mutations (OR, 9.30 [95% CI, 1.71–50.44]; P=0.01). Splicing mutations showed a significant association with IA formation even in subcohorts with minimal risk factors for IA, such as age <50 years (OR, 19.52 [95% CI, 3.22–118.51]; P=0.001), nonhypertension (OR, 49.28 [95% CI, 3.60–673.98]; P=0.004), and nonsmoking behavior (OR, 27.79 [95% CI, 3.49–221.21]; P=0.002). Conversely, substitutions showed significant associations with IA formation in subcohorts such as age ≥50 years (OR, 8.66; 95% CI, 1.43–52.51; P=0.02) and chronic kidney disease stages 4 and 5 (OR, 10.70 [95% CI, 1.05–108.75]; P=0.045). Conclusions Genetic analyses in patients with ADPKD could contribute to IA screening and could be useful for evaluating the prognosis, including complications. IA screening should be recommended for patients with ADPKD who have splicing and frameshift mutations and for older patients or patients with advanced ADPKD who have substitutions

Progression patterns and site‐specific responses in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with nivolumab

Abstract Background While the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) reportedly varies among metastatic sites and progression patterns (classified as systemic progression [SP] or mixed progression [MP]), the clinical efficacy of ICIs against gastric cancer remains unclear. The response to nivolumab depending on metastatic site and clinical outcomes according to progression pattern in patients with advanced gastric cancer was investigated retrospectively. Methods Seventy‐four advanced gastric cancer patients with measurable lesions who received nivolumab monotherapy between 2015 and 2020 were enrolled. Progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival, response at each metastatic site, and clinical outcomes according to progression pattern were analyzed retrospectively. SP and MP were defined as progression in more than half of the lesions and progression in half or fewer of the lesions, respectively, in cases evaluated as progressive disease. Results Thirty‐five (47%) and 27 (36%) patients had SP and MP, respectively, and 12 (16%) patients experienced no progression. The progression rates of target lesions in the lung (44%) and liver (57%) were significantly higher than that in the lymph nodes (18%) (lung vs. lymph node, p < 0.001; liver vs. lymph node, p = 0.03). Patients with MP had superior PFS to those with SP (median, 2.6 vs. 1.5 months; HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23–0.76; p = 0.004). In MP group, patients with treatment beyond progression (TBP) with nivolumab had a trend of longer post‐progression survival than those without TBP (median, 8.0 vs. 4.0 months; HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.23–1.29; p = 0.161). Conclusion Patients with MP had a longer PFS than those with SP. Lung and liver metastases had a poorer response to an ICI than lymph node metastases

Luminescent Mechanochromic 9‑Anthryl Gold(I) Isocyanide Complex with an Emission Maximum at 900 nm after Mechanical Stimulation

Upon mechanical stimulation, 9-anthryl gold­(I) isocyanide complex <b>3</b> exhibited a bathochromic shift of its emission color from the visible to the infrared (IR) region, which is unprecedented in its magnitude. Prior to exposure to the mechanical stimulus, the polymorphs <b>3α</b> and <b>3β</b> exhibit emission wavelength maxima (λ_em,max) at 448 and 710 nm, respectively. Upon grinding, the λ_em,max of <b>3α</b>_ground and <b>3β</b>_ground are bathochromically shifted to 900 nm, i.e., Δλ_em,max (<b>3α</b>) = 452 nm or 1.39 eV. Polymorphs <b>3α</b> and <b>3β</b> thus represent the first examples of mechanochromic luminescent materials with λ_em,max in the IR region

Luminescent Mechanochromic 9‑Anthryl Gold(I) Isocyanide Complex with an Emission Maximum at 900 nm after Mechanical Stimulation

Upon mechanical stimulation, 9-anthryl gold­(I) isocyanide complex <b>3</b> exhibited a bathochromic shift of its emission color from the visible to the infrared (IR) region, which is unprecedented in its magnitude. Prior to exposure to the mechanical stimulus, the polymorphs <b>3α</b> and <b>3β</b> exhibit emission wavelength maxima (λ_em,max) at 448 and 710 nm, respectively. Upon grinding, the λ_em,max of <b>3α</b>_ground and <b>3β</b>_ground are bathochromically shifted to 900 nm, i.e., Δλ_em,max (<b>3α</b>) = 452 nm or 1.39 eV. Polymorphs <b>3α</b> and <b>3β</b> thus represent the first examples of mechanochromic luminescent materials with λ_em,max in the IR region

Luminescent Mechanochromic 9‑Anthryl Gold(I) Isocyanide Complex with an Emission Maximum at 900 nm after Mechanical Stimulation

Upon mechanical stimulation, 9-anthryl gold­(I) isocyanide complex <b>3</b> exhibited a bathochromic shift of its emission color from the visible to the infrared (IR) region, which is unprecedented in its magnitude. Prior to exposure to the mechanical stimulus, the polymorphs <b>3α</b> and <b>3β</b> exhibit emission wavelength maxima (λ_em,max) at 448 and 710 nm, respectively. Upon grinding, the λ_em,max of <b>3α</b>_ground and <b>3β</b>_ground are bathochromically shifted to 900 nm, i.e., Δλ_em,max (<b>3α</b>) = 452 nm or 1.39 eV. Polymorphs <b>3α</b> and <b>3β</b> thus represent the first examples of mechanochromic luminescent materials with λ_em,max in the IR region

Time series changes in pseudo-R2 values regarding maximum glomerular diameter and the Oxford MEST-C score in patients with IgA nephropathy: A long-term follow-up study.

There is no effectual pathological factor to predict the long-term renal prognosis of IgA nephropathy. Glomerular hypertrophy plays a crucial role in kidney disease outcomes in both experimental models and humans. This study aimed to 1) confirm the long-term prognostic significance of a maximal glomerular diameter (Max GD) ≥ 242.3 μm, 2) test a renal prognosis prediction model adding Max GD ≥ 242.3 μm to the Oxford classification (MEST-C), and 3) examine the time series changes in the long-term renal prognosis of patients with IgA nephropathy. The study included 43 patients diagnosed with IgA nephropathy from 1993 to 1998 at Kameda General Hospital. Renal prognosis with the endpoint of a 50% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or the development of end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis was examined using logistic regression analysis, Cox regression analysis, and the Kaplan-Meier method. Pathological evaluation was performed using MEST-C and Max GD, and the validity of the prediction model was evaluated. Patients with Max GD ≥ 242.3 μm had significantly poor renal prognosis with multivariate Cox analysis (P = 0.0293). The results of the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that kidney survival rates in the high-Max GD group were significantly lower than those in the low-Max GD group (log rank, P = 0.0043), which was confirmed in propensity score-matched models (log rank, P = 0.0426). Adding Max GD ≥ 242.3 μm to MEST-C improved diagnostic power of the renal prognosis prediction model by renal pathology tissue examination (R2: 3.3 to 14.5%, AICc: 71.8 to 68.0, C statistic: 0.657 to 0.772). We confirm that glomerular hypertrophy is useful as a long-term renal prognostic factor