An Analysis of the Mechanism of Civil Servant’s Illegal Administration: Based on the Methodology of State Space Model

The principal-agent relationships exist between the administrative institutions and the civil servants as well as the administrative leaders and the civil servants when the administrative power is exercised. Given the condition that the assigned civil servants are fully equipped with the corresponding professional qualification, this paper analyses the constraints from the clients and agents in those two relationships inside the administration institution, then drawing the conclusion that the illegal administration of civil servants is largely influenced by their leaders’ judgment of the essence of the legislation. We, therefore, should increase the civil servants’ salary, improve the assessment and promotion system, strengthen the legal awareness and ability of administrative leaders and intensify the external administrative supervision and the right restriction. The illegal administration of civil servants refers to the violation of law and damage to the interests of the law-protected social relations when they are in the exercise of their power and in the performance of their duty. This would disrupt normal social order, pose a threat to the authority of the law, damage the public interests and government’s image as well as set a bad example for our people. Prevention on the occurrence of illegal administration is the continuing concern of the academic circle and related departments. The existing research is of great significance to the prevention of the violation of illegal administration since it mainly focuses on the formation, classification of responsibility and the construction of legal liability system of illegal administration. However, these studies seldom explore the mechanism of civil servants’ illegal administration from theoretical analysis, thus the countermeasure is weak. This paper attempts to apply the methodology of state space model into analyzing the mechanism of civil servants’ illegal administration in the exercise of administrative power so as to improve the responsible institution and reduce the occurrence of illegal administration

Investigation on Filing of Regulatory Documents in China

The purpose of filing regulatory documents is to enable the filing review authority to grasp the development of the regulatory documents and facilitate their review and supervision. The constraint mechanism of the filing system lacks coerciveness and binding force, and it is difficult to “file every document”. Establishing a filing validation system can strengthen the filing review and constraint mechanism and promote the function of the filing review system

Donor Bone Marrow-Derived T Cells Inhibit GVHD Induced by Donor Lymphocyte Infusion in Established Mixed Allogeneic Hematopoietic Chimeras

Delayed administration of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) to established mixed chimeras has been shown to achieve anti-tumor responses without graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). Herein we show that de novo donor BM-derived T cells that are tolerant of the recipients are important in preventing GVHD in mixed chimeras receiving delayed DLI. Mixed chimeras lacking donor BM-derived T cells developed significantly more severe GVHD than those with donor BM-derived T cells after DLI, even though both groups had comparable levels of total T cells at the time of DLI. Post-DLI depletion of donor BM-derived T cells in mixed chimeras, as late as 20 days after DLI, also provoked severe GVHD. Although both CD4 and CD8 T cells contributed to the protection, the latter were significantly more effective, suggesting that inhibition of GVHD was not mainly mediated by CD4 regulatory T cells. The lack of donor BM-derived T cells was associated with markedly increased accumulation of DLI-derived alloreactive T cells in parenchymal GVHD target tissues. Thus, donor BM-derived T cells are an important factor in determining the risk of GVHD and therefore, offer a potential therapeutic target for preventing and ameliorating GVHD in the setting of delayed DLI in established mixed chimeras

Effect of cooling pad installation on indoor airflow distribution in a tunnel-ventilated laying-hen house

Extra cooling pads on the sidewalls are needed for larger poultry houses using tunnel ventilation system. Preliminary study showed that the airflow velocity going through different aisles varies greatly when the extra pads are installed at the end of sidewalls, making a “[”-shape air inlet. Combined with field tests, the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) technology was used to study the uniformity of airflow distribution in a tunnel-ventilated laying-hen house. The air distribution was first monitored in a layer house to find the main reason resulting in the variations of airflows in different aisles. Then CFD simulations were carried out with different distances (D=2 m, 3 m or 4 m) between the pads on end-wall and the extra pads on side walls. The field test showed that airflow streams from the different groups of cooling pads collided vertically at the house corners, mixed with each other, then flew towards the center of the house. This was the main reason that the wind speed in the middle aisle was much higher than in other aisles, leaving large zones of lower ventilation in the aisles adjacent to the sidewalls. The results of CFD simulations indicated that air distributions could be significantly improved when the extra pieces of pads were moved away for an appropriate distance from the end cooling pads. As far as conventional poultry house with a span of 12 m, the air speeds in different aisles were more uniform when this distance was about 3 m

Comparing human activity density and green space supply using the Baidu Heat Map in Zhengzhou, China

Rapidly growing cities often struggle with insufficient green space, although information on when and where more green space is needed can be difficult to collect. Big data on the density of individuals in cities collected from mobile phones can estimate the usage intensity of urban green space. Taking Zhengzhou\u27s central city as an example, we combine the real-time human movement data provided by the Baidu Heat Map, which indicates the density of mobile phones, with vector overlays of different kinds of green space. We used the geographically weighted regression (GWR) method to estimate differentials in green space usage between weekdays and weekends, utilizing the location and the density of the aggregation of people with powered-up mobile phones. Compared with weekends, the aggregation of people in urban green spaces on workdays tends to vary more in time and be more concentrated in space, while the highest usage is more stable on weekends. More importantly, the percentage of weekday green space utilization is higher in small parks and green strips in the city, with the density increasing in those small areas, while the green space at a greater distance to the city center is underutilized. This study validates the potential of applying Baidu Heat Map data to provide a dynamic perspective of green space use, and highlights the need for more green space in city centers