Trends in Basic Sciences Education in Dental Schools, 1999–2016

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153754/1/jddjde017008.pd

Carbon dioxide evolution rate as a method to monitor and control an aerobic biological waste treatment system

An experimental system was developed to study the microbial growth kinetic of an undefined mixed culture in an erobic biological waste treatment process. The experimental results were used to develop a mathematical model that can predict the performance of a bioreactor. The bioreactor will be used to regeneratively treat waste material which is expected to be generated during a long term manned space mission. Since the presence of insoluble particles in the chemically undefined complex media made estimating biomass very difficult in the real system, a clean system was devised to study the microbial growth from the soluble substrate

Frequency of MUG Negative Escherichia coli in Kentucky Groundwater Samples

MUG negative Escherichia coli are a small fraction (2.5%) of the total E. coli in Kentucky groundwater samples. It is unlikely that they alone will cause a significant potential to underestimate fecal contamination using MUG as the primary criterion for that assessment. An unresolved question is how effectively MUG-based, defined-substrate tests address false negative water samples containing MUG positive E. coli

Comparison of Muscle Activation During an Overhead Pres: Kettlebell v. Dumbbell

Please refer to the pdf version of the abstract located adjacent to the title

Lamina Spreader Technique Improves Debridement of Loose Bone and Cement in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Loose bone and cement can promote polyethylene wear that may lead to failure in total knee arthroplasty. The authors propose a technique to enhance the debridement of loose bodies by distracting the cemented components with a lamina spreader following standard debridement with pulsatile lavage. Cement and bone/soft tissue debris was recovered from 51 consecutive primary total knee arthroplasty patients. This technique facilitated the removal of hidden debris in 80% of patients (41/51). On average, 2.6 fragments measuring 158 mm3 were removed per patient. The authors advocate that distraction with a lamina spreader be used to reduce potential sources of wear

A comparison of imaging modalities for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis is an increasingly common pathology that often poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. Accurate and timely diagnosis is critical to preventing complications that can result in the loss of life or limb. In addition to history, physical exam, and laboratory studies, diagnostic imaging plays an essential role in the diagnostic process. This narrative review article discusses various imaging modalities employed to diagnose osteomyelitis: plain films, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, bone scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography (PET). Articles were obtained from Pubmed and screened for relevance to the topic of diagnostic imaging for osteomyelitis. The authors conclude that plain films are an appropriate first step, as they may reveal osteolytic changes and can help rule out alternative pathology. MRI is often the most appropriate second study, as it is highly sensitive and can detect bone marrow changes within days of an infection. Other studies such as CT, ultrasound, and bone scintigraphy may be useful in patients who cannot undergo MRI. CT is useful for identifying necrotic bone in chronic infections. Ultrasound may be useful in children or those with sickle-cell disease. Bone scintigraphy is particularly useful for vertebral osteomyelitis. Finally, PET scan has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity; however, its clinical application is limited by its high cost and poor availability. When used appropriately, diagnostic imaging can provide high sensitivity and specificity for detecting osteomyelitis, making radiographic evaluation a crucial step in the diagnostic process of this debilitating condition

Daytime habitat selection for juvenile parr brown trout (Salmo trutta) in small lowland streams

Physical habitat is important in determining the carrying capacity of juvenile brown trout, and within freshwater management. Summer daytime physical habitat selection for the parr lifestage (7–20 cm) juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) was assessed in 6 small lowland streams. Habitat preference was determined for the four variables; water velocity, water depth, substrate and cover, and the preferences for physical habitat selection were expressed in terms of habitat suitability indices (HSI’s). The statistical confidence of HSI’s was evaluated using power analysis. It was found that a minimum of 22 fish observations was needed to have statistical confidence in the HSIs for water depth, and a minimum of 92 fish observations for water velocity during daytime summer conditions. Generally parr were utilising the deeper habitats, indicating preference for deeper water. Cover was also being selected for at all sites, but selection was inconsistent among sites for the variables substrate and velocity. The results indicate that during daytime summer conditions water depth is a significant variable for parr habitat selection in these small lowland streams, with cover also being important. Therefore, daytime refugia may be a critical limiting factor for parr in small lowland streams, and important for stream management actions under the Water Framework Directive

Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) Supplementation and its Benefits in Cardiovascular Disease, Osteoporosis, and Cancer

Vitamin K is known to play an essential role in the coagulation cascade; however, a growing body of research has found that a subtype of this vitamin, vitamin K2 (menaquinone) may have a beneficial effect in osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature regarding menaquinone and its role in human health. This review discusses the physiology of menaquinone, its clinical benefits in cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancer, and how it may interact with certain medications. The authors conclude that menaquinone supplementation has been shown to improve carboxylation of osteocalcin and matrix-Gla protein to their active forms, two proteins that possess important roles in calcium distribution. In the setting of cardiovascular disease, menaquinone intake has been shown to lower the risk of coronary calcification and coronary heart disease, and a randomized controlled trial has demonstrated that it can reduce arterial stiffness. In osteoporosis, menaquinone has been shown by numerous randomized controlled trials to decrease the rate of bone loss at the lumbar spine and forearm and reduce the risk of fracture. In cancer, menaquinone intake has been shown to reduce overall incidence and mortality; clinical trials have suggested that it may have a role in reducing recurrence and death from hepatocellular carcinoma. However, in all clinical settings, more large randomized controlled trials are needed to definitively determine the clinical benefits of menaquinone supplementation, as many studies have failed to show any significant benefit. Lastly, more research is needed to determine how menaquinone supplementation interacts with medications such as warfarin, bile-acid sequestrants, orlistat, mineral oil and CYP3A4 substrates

Trauma Team Activation for Geriatric Trauma at a Level II Trauma Center: Are the Elderly Under-triaged?

Abstract Geriatric patients often sustain life-threatening injuries from minor trauma. A growing body of research suggests that these patients are often under-triaged in the emergency setting.The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether or not geriatric trauma patients are under-triaged at a community based level II trauma center. 1434 trauma patients over the age of 65 presenting from 2010-2015 were retrospectively reviewed from the Cabell Huntington Hospital trauma registry and analyzed for age, gender, arrival type, ED response, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), injury cause, ICD-9 diagnosis codes, and mortality. Under-triage and over-triage rates were determined using the Cribari method (under-triage = ISS ≥ 16 without full trauma team activation [TTA]; Over-triage = ISS ≤ 15 with full TTA). The under-triage rate was 9.5% (132/1393) with the majority of under-triaged patients having head trauma (n=423). There were 371 head trauma patients with a recorded GCS and analysis shows those with a GCS ≥ 13 had a 1.2% mortality risk (n=326; ISS 10.2), but that risk drastically increases to 60% with GSC ≤ 12 (n=45; ISS 21.5). Of the 45 patients with GSC ≤ 12, only 4% had priority 1 TTA using the current protocol (2/45). The American College of Surgeons-Committee of Trauma (ACS-COT) recommends an acceptable under-triage rate of \u3c 5%. In order to improve geriatric care and reduce under-triage rates, we recommend that an age-based criteria be added to our TTA protocol at our community based Level II trauma center: priority 1 TTA for all patients 65 years or older sustaining head trauma with a GCS ≤ 12 or suspicion of intracranial hemorrhage