Changes in pH and levels of B-glucosidase, B-glucuronidase and reducing activity as food residue passes along the mouse colon

The contents were collected from successive regions of the colon of Swiss mice. Ana(vses show that the pH rises by about 0.55 pH units between the cecum and the distal colon. The level of p-glucuronidase falls sharply, typically 2 to 3 fold;, as food residue leaves the cecum. This is followed by a large rise in the distal c%n, mvund 1.6 to 4 fold, about half of 1vhich is due to the concentrating ejlect caused by loss of water. lvleasurements were also made of nonspecific reducing activity, the level of which rises by about 74% along the colon mainly because of water loss. For each of the above parameters similar results were observed using old and young mice and with diets high and low in fat. Studies indicated that the reducing activity is nonenzymic

Effect of high fat and nutrient depleted diets on colon tumor formation in mice.

We investigated the effect of high fat and nutrient depleted diets on the formation of colon tumors in female Swiss mice treated with 1,2- dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Mice received the following diets: control diet (laboratory chow, 5.5% fat) or chow with added starch and/or corn oil so as to supply a fat level of 5.5% (diet F6) or 23% (diet F23), while reducing the level of nutrients and dietary fiber per. 100 calories to 61% of the level of the control diet. DMH was given as 5 weekly s.c. injections. Diets were given variously from 6 weeks before the first injection until 7 days after the last one (initiation period) or else for the subsequent 22 weeks until sacrifice of the mice (promotion period). A high fat diet (diet F23 vs. F6) tended to increase adenoma formation when fed during the initiation period but this requires further study. Feeding it in the promotion period increased the incidence of adenocarcinomas. A nutrient depleted diet (diet F6 vs. the control diet) caused a decreased incidence of adenocarcinomas

Toxicity of 1,2-dimethlyhydrazine in mice: effect of diet and development of tolerance

The effect of diet on the lethality of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) injections was investigated using Swiss mice. Mortality was highest when mice were fed a nutrient-dilutealfhigh-fat diet, was intermediate with a nutrientdilutealflow- fat diet and was lowest with laboratory chow. Wheat bran was not protective. Mice developed tolerance to DMH after receiving several injections of progressively increasing dose

Cabbage and vitamin E: their effect on colon tumor formation in mice.

The effects of cabbage and vitamin E on colon carcinogenesis were investigated in Swiss mice treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Throughout the experiment the mice were fed a laboratory chow diet (46 mg vitamin E per kg) or chow containing 13 g cabbage per 100 g or 180 mg vitamin E per kg. Starting after 31 days of diet treatment the mice received 7 weekly s.c. injections of DMH. They were sacrificed 17 weeks after the first dose of DMH. While diet did not significantly alter colon tumor response, some trends were observed. Female mice given cabbage had a higher incidence. (percent of mice with a tumor) and multiplicity (tumors per tumor bearing mouse) of colon tumors. Males were little affected by cabbage apart from a lower incidence of adenocarcinomas. Compared with mice fed the control diet those given vitamin E had a higher colon tumor incidence, This effect, which was stronger in females, was due to an increased incidence of adenomas. Vitamin E had little apparent affect on tumor multiplicity apart from a reduction in adenocarcinomas in females and adenomas in males. The data do not support the view that cabbage and vitamin E are protective against colon cancer

High-Fat Diets and Fecal Level of Reductase and Colon Mucosal Level of Ornithine Decarboxylase, B-Glucuronidase, 5'-Nucleotidase, ATPase, and Esterase in Mice.

In one experiment Swiss mice were maintained on a 16 or 23% fat diet (laboratory chow with added fat, principally corn on) or on laboratory chow alone (5.5% fat), In another experiment CS7BU1 mice were given a 23% fat diet (as above) or a low-fat diet (67% laboratory chow. 1.9% corn oil, and 31% starch; 5.5% fat). Colon mucosal samples were analyzed for several enzyme activities. In Swiss mice the analyses revealed the following: 1) Ouabain-insensitive ATPase was unaltered in male mice, but it rose significantly in females fed a high-fat diet (this effect was seen when a resuspended high-speed pellet was analyzed but not seen with the initial homogenate); 2) S'-nucleotidase activity showed a significant stepwise increase with dietary fat; 3) nonspecific esterase activity tended to rise with a high-fat diet (not significant); 4) fJ-glucuronidase levels were not altered by diet fat; and 5) ornithine decarboxylase levels were not altered by diet fat. In CS7BU1 mice analyse:;, were done on ouabaininsensitive ATPase, S'-nucleotidase, nonspecific esterase, and p-glucuronidase, but no diet effects were seen. Fecal reductase activity was measured with the use of 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(pnitrophenyl)- 5-phenyltetrazolium chloride hydrate). A high-fat diet did not affect the activity in CS7BU1 mice, but it caused a significant rise in Swiss mice

Persepsi industri hospitaliti terhadap golongan pekerja berkeperluan khas (masalah pendengaran)

Kerjaya merupakan salah satu keperluan bagi setiap manusia samada golongan normal mahupun golongan berkeperluan khas. Kerjaya merupakan laluan bagi manusia untuk mencari sumber pendapatan untuk memastikan kelangsungan hidup. Namun, terdapat isu berkaitan pengangguran terhadap golongan berkeperluan khas. Oleh itu kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengenal pasti persepsi industri hospitaliti terhadap golongan berkeperluan khas (masalah pendengaran) serta mengenal pasti cabaran yang dihadapi oleh industri dalam pengambilan pekerja berkeperluan khas (masalah pendengaran). Selain itu kajian ini juga dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti keperluan kriteria yang diharapkan oleh industri hospitaliti. Kajian ini melibatkan 28 syarikat di bawah sektor hospitaliti yang terdapat di sekitar Batu Pahat dan Muar, Johor. Seramai 88 orang majikan yang terdiri daripada pengurus, penyelia, ketua-ketua bahagian dan pekerja yang terlibat dengan pekerja berkeperluan khas (masalah pendengaran) adalah responden dalam kajian ini. Kajian ini menggunakan borang soal selidik sebagai instrument kajian. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan kaedah deskriptif menggunakan perisian SPSS (Statistic Package for the Social Science) versi 16.0. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan tahap penerimaan industri hospitaliti terhadap golongan pekerja berkeperluan khas (masalah pendengaran) berada pada tahap sederhana

The estimation of equilibrium exchange rates in Malaysia: evidence using FEER model

The study of exchange rate behavior is important to identify the currency either experiencing an overvaluation or undervaluation. The traditional theory to estimate exchange rates behavior is the Law of One Price (henceforth LOP). This theory suggests that the price levels would be the same between two countries after converting their price into a common currency. However, the LOP does not take into account the real macroeconomic fundamentals factors. Hence, this model is seen missing to explain the possible a particular exchange rate is influenced by macroeconomics fundamentals. Therefore, this study is aim to investigates the behavior of exchange rate movement and identify the determinants of macroeconomics fundamentals on the exchange rates in Malaysia. By using fundamental equilibrium exchange rates (FEER) model, this study adopts the bound testing popularized by Pesaran et al., and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to examine the long run relationships (or cointegration) among the variables and the dynamic effect within variables in the short run

Neksus antara indeks syariah dan fundamental makroekonomi

Kajian ini mengukur indeks Syariah berdasarkan Indeks Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE) Bursa Malaysia Emas Syariah dan Indeks FTSE Bursa Malaysia Hijrah Syariah. Manakala pemboleh ubah fundamental makroekonomi pula adalah penawaran wang, kadar faedah, kadar pembiayaan dan pulangan kepada pendeposit, dan indeks konvensional. Neksus dinamik antara indeks Syariah dan pemboleh ubah fundamental makroekonomi diuji berdasarkan kointegrasi antara pemboleh ubah bagi tempoh Julai 1999 hingga Disember 2017. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat kointegrasi antara FTSE Bursa Malaysia Emas Syariah dengan pemboleh ubah makroekonomi. Namun dapatan sebaliknya bagi FTSE Bursa Malaysia Hijrah Syariah. Pemboleh ubah yang mempengaruhi Indeks FTSE Bursa Malaysia Emas Syariah dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek adalah pemboleh ubah makroekonomi yang sama iaitu kadar pembiayaan dan pulangan kepada pendeposit dan indeks konvensional. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan pemboleh ubah Sistem Perbankan Islam yang dikaji, iaitu kadar pembiayaan dan pulangan kepada pendeposit mampu memainkan peranan sebagai penyuntik modal kepada pasaran modal Islam dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek. Ini menunjukkan indeks Syariah memerlukan polisi dan dasar yang sama dalam jangka panjang dan dalam jangka pendek bagi menjamin kekukuhannya dalam pasaran

Modest serum creatinine elevation affects adverse outcome after general surgery

Modest serum creatinine elevation affects adverse outcome after general surgery.BackgroundModest preoperative serum creatinine elevation (1.5 to 3.0 mg/dL) has been recently shown to be independently associated with morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. It is important to know if this association can be applied more broadly to general surgery cases.MethodsMultivariable logistic regression analyses of 46 risk variables in 49,081 cases from the Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, undergoing major general surgery from 10/1/96 through 9/30/98.ResultsThirty day mortality and several cardiac, respiratory, infectious and hemorrhagic morbidities were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in patients with a serum creatinine>1.5 mg/dL. With multivariable analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for mortality for patients with a serum creatinine of 1.5 to 3.0 mg/dL was 1.44 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.22 to 1.71] and for creatinine>3.0 mg/dL was 1.93 (95% CI 1.51 to 2.46). The adjusted odds ratio for morbidity (one or more postoperative complications) for patients with a serum creatinine of 1.5 to 3.0 mg/dL was 1.18 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.32) and for creatinine>3.0 mg/dL was 1.19 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.43). Further stratification and recursive partitioning of creatinine levels revealed that a serum creatinine level>1.5 mg/dL was the approximate threshold for both increased morbidity and mortality.ConclusionsModest preoperative serum creatinine elevation (>1.5 mg/dL) is a significant predictor of risk-adjusted morbidity and mortality after general surgery. A preoperative serum creatinine of 1.5 mg/dL or higher is a readily available marker for potential adverse outcomes after general surgery