Behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete under cyclic compressive loading

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete under cyclic compressive loading. Cylindrical specimens containing two volume fractions (one percent and two percent) of steel fibres and plain concrete specimens were tested under uniaxial monotonic and cyclic compressive loading to establish the stress-strain envelope curve, locus of common points and stability points. An analytical expression is established to represent these curves for SFRC. It was also observed that the permissible stress level depends on the plastic strain present in the material. The plastic strain curves are presented and a general form of second order equation is proposed to represent these curves

Advanced Techniques of Foreground, Background and Object Identification in Video Application

Volume 7 Issue 10 (October 201

Optimization of the level of ingredients for functional dairy beverage using response surface methodology (RSM)

The present investigation was undertaken to optimize the level of ingredients (milk fat, sugar, and mango pulp) for functional dairy beverage using Response Surface Methodology. Central Composite Rotatable Design with milk fat (%), sugar (%), and mango pulp (var. Chaunsa, %) as independent variables produced 20 different combinations that were used to investigate the effect on viscosity (cP), antioxidant activity, and overall acceptability. The response surface three dimensional graphs were plotted as a function of two variables to show the effect of level of ingredients on physico-chemical and sensory properties of the beverage. Significant correlation models were established with the coefficient of correlation (R2) greater than 0.8. An optimization of process variables was attempted for maximum antioxidant activity and overall acceptability. ANOVA tables revealed that increase in fat and sugar levels lowered the antioxidant activity, while enhancement of mango pulp significantly increased both antioxidant activity and overall acceptability of the beverage. The optimized levels of ingredients were 0.5% milk fat, 6.0% sugar and 30% mango pulp

From farmers' fields to data fields and back: A Synthesis of Participatory Information Systems for Irrigation and other Resources: Proceedings of an International Workshop held at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Nepal, 21-26 March 1993

Irrigation / Forestry / Natural resources / Farmer participation / Participatory rural appraisal / Rapid rural appraisal / GIS / Data collection / Databases / Field tests / Farmers' associations / Training / Water rights / Water law / Institutions / Non-governmental organizations / India / Nepal

Chiral properties of hematite ({\alpha}-Fe2O3) inferred from resonant Bragg diffraction using circularly polarized x-rays

Chiral properties of the two phases - collinear motif (below Morin transition temperature, TM=250 K) and canted motif (above TM) - of magnetically ordered hematite ({\alpha}-Fe2O3) have been identified in single crystal resonant x-ray Bragg diffraction, using circular polarized incident x-rays tuned near the iron K-edge. Magneto-electric multipoles, including an anapole, fully characterize the high-temperature canted phase, whereas the low-temperature collinear phase supports both parity-odd and parity-even multipoles that are time-odd. Orbital angular momentum accompanies the collinear motif, while it is conspicuously absent with the canted motif. Intensities have been successfully confronted with analytic expressions derived from an atomic model fully compliant with chemical and magnetic structures. Values of Fe atomic multipoles previously derived from independent experimental data, are shown to be completely trustworthy

Growth and production potential of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) as influenced by intercropping and integrated nutrient management

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2010-11 at Varanasi to evaluate the production potential of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp.) in intercropping with different fertility levels. The pigeonpea+urdbean intercropping system exhibited its superiority by recording higher growth attribute i.e. plant height (231.22 cm plant-1), no. of branches (18.20 plant-1), dry matter accumulation (213.25 g plant-1), LAI (3.45), yield attribute i.e. no. of pods (135.57 plant-1), no. of grain (4.06 pod-1), Test weight (106.07g), and yield i.e. grain yield (1792.29 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (7614.97 kg ha-1). Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)+2.5t VC fertility level recorded its superiority by recording higher growth attribute i.e. plant height (232.42 cm plant-1), no. of branch (19.07 plant-1), dry matter accumulation (214.65 g plant-1), LAI (3.62) and yield attributes i.e. no. of pods (141.42 plant-1), no. of grain (4.13 pod-1) and test weight (108.22 g) and yield i.e. grain yield (1831.82 kg ha-1), and stalk yield (8221.61 kg ha-1) over all fertility levels. In the cultivation of long duration crops, the short duration crop may be used as intercrop to generate additional income for farmers’ and INM practices also reduce cost of fertilizer as well as environmental pollution

Phase diagram of the random field Ising model on the Bethe lattice

The phase diagram of the random field Ising model on the Bethe lattice with a symmetric dichotomous random field is closely investigated with respect to the transition between the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic regime. Refining arguments of Bleher, Ruiz and Zagrebnov [J. Stat. Phys. 93, 33 (1998)] an exact upper bound for the existence of a unique paramagnetic phase is found which considerably improves the earlier results. Several numerical estimates of transition lines between a ferromagnetic and a paramagnetic regime are presented. The obtained results do not coincide with a lower bound for the onset of ferromagnetism proposed by Bruinsma [Phys. Rev. B 30, 289 (1984)]. If the latter one proves correct this would hint to a region of coexistence of stable ferromagnetic phases and a stable paramagnetic phase.Comment: Article has been condensed and reorganized; Figs 3,5,6 merged; Fig 4 omitted; Some discussion added at end of Sec. III; 9 pages, 5 figs, RevTeX4, AMSTe

Analysis of Phenomenon at Quantum Capacitance Limit of SNWFET using FETToy

In The proposed paper several interesting phenomenon that happens at Quantum Conductance Limit (QCL) like transconductance of One Dimensional-Silicon Nano Wire Field Effect Transistor (1D-SNWFET), mobile electron density and injection velocity is studied and simulated using Fettoy simulation tool. The selected gate material in silicon nanowire field effect transistor is SiO2 with K=3.9 and HFO2 with K=20. A coaxial SNWFET is simulated and the results illustrate the essential physics and peculiarities of 1D nanowire FETs, such as the saturation of channel conductance at full degenerate limit and the saturation of transconductance at the quantum capacitance limit and the full degenerate limit

Thermal effects on electron-phonon interaction in silicon nanostructures

Raman spectra from silicon nanostructures, recorded using excitation laser power density of 1.0 kW/cm^2, is employed here to reveal the dominance of thermal effects at temperatures higher than the room temperature. Room temperature Raman spectrum shows only phonon confinement and Fano effects. Raman spectra recorded at higher temperatures show increase in FWHM and decrease in asymmetry ratio with respect to its room temperature counterpart. Experimental Raman scattering data are analyzed successfully using theoretical Raman line-shape generated by incorporating the temperature dependence of phonon dispersion relation. Experimental and theoretical temperature dependent Raman spectra are in good agreement. Although quantum confinement and Fano effects persists, heating effects start dominating at higher temperatures than room tempaerature.Comment: 9 Pages, 3 Figures and 1 Tabl