Biomarkers of Gallbladder Cancer

Maximillian de Stoll firstly identified Gallbladder cancer in two autopsy cases in 1777, and Keen was the first one to perform cancer resection in 1891 [Sheinfeld W, 1947]. Gallbladder cancer is usually a most frequent biliary tract cancer worldwide however it is only 0.5% of most gastrointestinal cancer even though fatal malignancy along with notable ethnic and geographical versions. The representing signs and symptoms are commonly imprecise so patient presents with late stage. The overall mean survival rate for patients having advanced gallbladder cancer is 6 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 5% [Levy AD et al 2001; Pandey M et al 2001]. Cholecystectomy is the potential cure for early gallbladder cancer (restricted to the mucosa), though rare. The majority of (>80%) gallbladder cancers are adenocarcinomas which originate from fundus (60%), body (30%), as well as neck (10%). The premise likely is actually genetic susceptibility, perhaps elicited simply by chronic gallbladder inflammation, normally a result of cholelithiasis [Pandey M et al 2003]. One particular reasonable hypothesis targets continual tenderness of the mucosa (e.g., through the actual physical vicinity of the rocks and/or superimposed chronic infection such as through Salmonella typhi) which leads to dysplasia (may be abetted by mutagenic secondary bile acids) and ending in cancerous change

Mathematical Modelling of Swallowing of Viscoelastic Nature Food Through the Oesophagus Affected by Hiatus Hernia

Peristaltic transport of viscoelastic fluid through a divergent tube is studied by approximations of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. This type of study explains the interesting phenomenon of swallowing food bolus through the oesophagus affected by hiatus hernia. The amplitude of peristaltic waves is increase exponentially, the food bolus to be a viscoelastic fluid and the affected oesophagus a diverging tube. The expressions for axial and radial velocities, pressure and reflux limit are obtained. Both cases have been considered when the whole tube diverges and when it diverges only near the end. Another case in which the tube converges near the last end has also been analysed

Study of Daucus carota ssp. Sativus and Butea monosperma to analyse their Applicability in Pharmaceutical Industry as Antimicrobial Agents

Human Beings have been using plant products to heal the Wounds and Diseases from the inception of humankind. Even when it was not known that microorganisms exist, People have been using antimicrobial agents prepared from plants. These antimicrobial products were prepared by extracting the plant in a suitable solvent. Antimicrobial property is conferred to plants by the presence of various phytochemicals which are the products of several Secondary metabolic pathways. The aim of this project was to decipher the potential use of Daucus carota ssp. Sativus and Butea monosperma in the pharmaceutical industry. In this research, Qualitative phytochemical screening and antimicrobial potential of Black carrot and Kamarkas has been studied.Black carrot showed good antimicrobial activity against A. brasiliensis, E. coli and S. enterica, arranged in descending order of the Slope obtained in each antimicrobial assay. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of Flavonoids, Soluble Phenolic Compounds, Naphthoquinone and traces of Saponins and Alkaloids. The Kamarkas showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and to some extent against A. brasiliensis. Phytochemical analysis of Kamarkas showed positive for all phytochemicals.

CRITICAL BARRIERS OF FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND APPLICATION OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATE THEIR IMPACTS

Food safety and food security have captured the significant attention of researchers. The main objective of this study is to identify the critical barriers of food supply chain management in the Indian context. For this, a decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) based approach is used. With an assessment of existing literature and consultation with food chain experts, 15 barriers have been identified for analysis. Critical barriers and their causal relationships are explored through the cause-and-effect diagram. Results of this study show that the barriers, namely “Lack of Government policy and regulation support” (B8) and “Extreme & diverse climate conditions in India” (B15), are the top two most critical and influential barriers. Recent advances in Blockchain technology have paved for mitigating the impact of these barriers on the performance of the food supply chain, and with the suitable intervention of Blockchain technology, many such barriers can be overcome, thereby improving food supply chain performance

Communicable behavior of non-communicable diseases

Communicability of non- communicable diseases can be explained using the prototype of non- communicable diseases. The concept can be further extended to other non- communicable diseases. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is regarded as the prototype of non-communicable diseases. Its subtype, type 2 DM is usually associated with obesity. Obesity, in turn, can be attributed to deranged eating habits and lack of physical activity. Eating habits of a person bears a close resemblance to the parental eating habits. Other factors contributing to obesity like alcoholism can also be transmitted from parents to child. Smoking, another factor implicated in DM, can be picked as a habit from peer group as well as family. All these factors implicated directly or indirectly in the pathogenesis of DM are actually components of lifestyle. These lifestyle components can be transmitted both in an inter-generation and intra-generation fashion. And so the chances of transmission of DM (a lifestyle disease) in the same fashion cannot be ruled out

GIST a rare abdominal tumor and our surgical experience

Background: GISTs are rare abdominal tumors, encountered as the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract leading to GI bleeding. We report a changing trend of diagnosis and management in Indian patients.Methods: The retrospective data was collected from medical records and 62 cases of GIST from 2003 to 2020 in General surgical unit of BHU. They were divided in three groups. In group A (36) patients only surgery, group B (14) patients surgery than adjuvant chemotherapy and in group C (12) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy then surgery. Preoperatively, USG and CT scans of the abdomen were the main investigations, others being upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and chest x-ray confirm by histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation.Results: The mean age at presentation was 42.8 years (range 17-74 years) and mean duration of symptoms was of 5 months (range 10 days-2 years). It was from the stomach, (06) duodenum (14) jejunum, (06) ileum, (1) caecum and (4) from the mesentery and (4) from retroperitoneum. 44 cases had low grade benign tumors and 18 malignancies. In group A, 22 (61%) patients showed recurrence in group B, 06, (42%) patients showed recurrence and group C, 02 (33%) patient showed recurrence.Conclusions: Most of the tumours were benign and surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment. However, the patients in which only surgery was done showed maximum recurrence and patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy then surgery followed adjuvant chemotherapy showed minimum recurrence.

Assessment of Biomass Potential in Engine Emission Reduction

77-80The twin crisis of environmental degradation and fossil fuel depletion has confronted the world with the upcoming threat to seek the solution for some alternate fuel. The present condition of environment forces the search of some suitable alternate fuel. The present degradation of environment is also mainly influenced by the diesel vehicles. The emissions released by these diesel vehicles not only degrade the environment but also increase the number of health diseases. The present research on bio-fuels will lead to develop a sustainable solution to this problem and also create a harmonic relationship between the economy and ecosystem. The present research will provide the optimized blending ratio compression ratio and other operating parameters to be selected while approaching to sustainable output. The present study will depict the behavior of different bio-fuels poured in VCR engine at different compression ratio at different operating parameters. The outcomes of this research paper reveals the discussion on the potential assessment of different biofuels in the reduction of engine emissions

Giant fibrosarcoma of anterior abdominal wall: a rare case report and review literature

Adult type fibrosarcoma is very rare malignant soft tissue tumor. It usually arises in soft tissues of extremities, trunk, head and neck. Fibrosarcoma is essentially a diagnosis of exclusion from other spindle cell mesenchymal malignant neoplasm; by definition negative for epithelial, myogenous and neural markers on immunohistochemistry. To the best of our knowledge, very few cases have been reported in the literature. We here report a case of giant fibrosarcoma arising from anterior abdominal wall in a recurrent dermatofibrosarcoma proturbens and managed with surgical excision and reconstruction with meshplasty.

Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Status of Sailors and Submarine Crew of the Indian Navy

Nutritional requirements of sailors and submariners are different from those of ground forces as they work under confined environment as well as due to logistic constraints of cooking and storage of food. Study was conducted for a period of three months at Eastern Naval Command to evaluate nutrient requirements, nutritional status of Indian Navy personnel and adequacy of the existing ration scales. The study volunteers were from crew of two warships (n = 35) and submariners (n = 20) who were attached to their mother ships during time of data collection and offshore during rest of the period. Energy expenditure, nutrient intake, level of nutrients in body, and urinary excretion were measured along with changes in body composition. All variables were analysed before and after three months of nutritional monitoring. Energy expenditure at ship was in the range of 2449-4907 kcal/day with a mean of 3313 + 578 kcal/day, while in the case of submariners, it was 3168 + 282 (2606-3907) kcal/day. The energy intake in the case of sailors and submariners was not different either on shore establishment or at ship. Energy intake was found to be 3518 + 286 kcal/day. The energy contribution from carbohydrates, fats, and protein was 59.9 per cent, 27.8 per cent and 12.3 per cent, respectively. No sign and symptoms of any nutritional deficiency were observed either initially or after three months. Status of micronutrients present in their blood and in their urinary excretions along with body composition were maintained, indicating adequacy of existing ration scales of Indian Navy.Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(6), pp.540-544, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.93