SC-FDM-IDMA Scheme Employing BCH Coding

In OFDM-IDMA scheme, intersymbol interference (ISI) is resolved by the OFDM layer and multiple access interference (MAI) is suppressed by the IDMA layer at low cost . However OFDM-IDMA scheme suffers high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem. For removing high PAPR problem a hybrid multiple access scheme SC-FDM-IDMA has been proposed. In this paper, bit error rate (BER) performance comparison of SC-FDM-IDMA scheme, OFDM-IDMA scheme and IDMA scheme have been duly presented.  Moreover, the BER performance of various subcarrier mapping methods for SC-FDM-IDMA scheme as well as other results with variation of different parameters have also been demonstrated. Finally simulation result for BER performance improvement has been shown employing BCH code. All the simulation results demonstrate the suitability of SC-FDM-IDMA scheme for wireless communication under AWGN channel environment

El Dilema de la Transición en una Empresa Familiar que Sea Sociedad Anónima Cerrada: El caso de Excel Transporters

The purpose of this case study is to investigate issues that arise at the time of transition of ownership, business and wealth in a multigenerational closely held family business (CHFB). This is particularly relevant if the founder owner-manager has to pass the heir-ship to the offspring and specifically if the incumbent is a women. Through this case, authors have made an attempt to discuss the significance of ownership structure, to plan transition and to mitigate conflicts at the time of generational transition.The case is based on primary research and secondary information, and has been tested several times post, which the gaps were identified and filled. The results indicate that absence of the corporate governance (ownership) structure leads to conflicts during transfer of power position in a CHFB. This reflects the necessity of professionalizing the family business to avoid breakdown of communication and trust within the family unit. Inadequately prepared heirs, forced entries of siblings in the business with no competence besides the patriarchs’ distribution of ownership and business were of major concern in a CHFB.El objetivo de este estudio de caso es investigar los problemas que surgen en el momento de la transición de propiedad, negocios y riqueza en una Empresa Familiar multigeneracional que sea Sociedad Anónima cerrada. Esto es particularmente relevante si el propietario-gerente fundador tiene que pasar el heredero a la descendencia y específicamente si el titular es una mujer. A través de este caso, los autores han intentado discutir la importancia de la estructura de propiedad, planear la transición y mitigar los conflictos en elmomento de la transición generacional.El caso se basa en la investigación primaria y la información secundaria, y se ha probado varias veces después de la publicación, donde se identificaron y completaron las lagunas. Los resultados indican que la ausencia de la estructura de gobierno corporativo (propiedad) genera conflictos durante la transferencia de la posición de poder en una empresa de este tipo. Esto refleja la necesidad de profesionalizar el negocio familiar para evitar el colapso de la comunicación y la confianza dentro de la unidad familiar. Los herederos preparados inadecuadamente, las entradas forzadas de hermanos en el negocio sin competencia además de la distribución de propiedad y negocios de los patriarcas son una gran preocupación en una empresa familiar de este tipo

Comparison of Some Approaches to Determine Spatial Dependence of Soil Properties

Knowledge of variability and spatial structure of soil properties is essential for optimal design for collecting soil samples and effectively applying management decisions in the field. The objective of this study is to compare some approaches for characterizing, and comparing spatial dependence of isotropic second-order stationary processes. The evaluated approaches are the nugget to sill ratio (NR), normalized (by fitted sill) semivariogram, correlograms, and two integral scales. Soil samples, collected at a regular 50 m × 50 m grid from 0-15 cm depths, were analyzed for sand and clay, bulk density (b), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), wilting point, available water content (AWC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3- N), and chloride (Cl) were determined. Geostatistical software (GS+, Gamma Design Software, Plainwell, MI) was used to estimate the variance structure of various measured soil properties. Analysis include using data on the spatial variability of various properties from four published studies. NR displayed spatial dependence ignoring the influence of range, normalized semivariogram and correlogram provided the visual comparison, and both integral scales incorporated the influence of range and provided single number spatial dependence summaries. Either of the integral scale formulations can be used to characterize the spatial dependence of soil properties from agricultural fields

Erythrocyte membrane fatty acid profile and saturation index in gallbladder carcinogenesis: a case-control study

BACKGROUND: Gallbladder cancer is a common neoplasm of biliary tract, with an unknown etiology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was carried out to evaluate the changes in the membrane fatty acid profile and saturation index in patients with gallbladder cancer. The study sample consisted of 50 newly diagnosed cases of gallbladder cancer and 50 patients undergoing cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis were recruited as controls. The fatty acid estimation was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Statistical analysis was carried out by student 't' test and one-way ANOVA. Pearson's correlation coefficient was also obtained. RESULTS: A significant lowering of erythrocyte membrane stearic acid (p = 0.000), arachidonic acid (p = 0.001), and saturation index (p = 0.001) was observed in patients with gallbladder cancer compared to controls. A significant inverse relation was observed between stearic and oleic acid (r = -0.269 p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Results of the present study suggest an increase in the delta 9 desaturation in cancer patients compared to controls however, a possible role of biliary stasis due to altered gallbladder motility or derangements of signal transduction secondary to altered membrane lipid bilayer cannot be ruled out

Evaluation of Soil Compaction and Sealant Application for Compacted Earthen Liners

The open earthen pond system is a cost effective system for the production of microalgae and aquaculture products. Studies are required in the development of compacted earthen liners as cost-effective lining technologies to avoid negative impacts on water resources and human health. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of compaction and application of a polyacrylamide polymer as a soil sealant on the hydraulic conductivity of soil. Three soils collected from the existing pond sites were packed into aluminum cores (5 cm diameter), proctor molds (10 cm diameter) and stock pots (60 cm diameter) prior to saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) determination using the constant head method. A negative relationship was obtained between Ks and compaction for sandy loam, sandy clay loam and loam soils. The application of the soil sealant to compacted soil cores, proctor molds and stock pots did not decrease the Ks to the value of 1 x 10-9 m/s or lower to meet the regulatory criteria of compacted clay liners. The dry bulk density versus Ks curves indicate that sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils should be compacted to 1.82 and 1.69 g/cm3, respectively in soil cores and 2.40 and 1.59 g/cm3 in soil molds respectively to meet the regulatory criteria. The puddling experiments with sandy loam and loam soils in the stock pot also showed decreases in soil hydraulic conductivity as finer particles settle out of suspension in the soil pores. These experiments showed that sandy clay loam and loam soil can be compacted to decrease the Ks below the regularity criteria for clay liners. More experiments particularly in small ponds are needed to validate the results of the laboratory experiments

On the proficient use of GEV distribution: a case study of subtropical monsoon region in India

The paper deals with the probabilistic estimates of extreme maximum rainfall (Annual basis) in the Ranchi, Jharkhand (India). Extreme Value Distribution family models are tried to capture the uncertainty of data and finally Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution model is found as the best fitted distribution model. The GEV model satisfied the selection criteria [Anderson-Darling test (A-D test or Goodness of fit test) and Normality test (Q-Q plot)], which are adopted under the present study. The return levels are estimated for 5, 10, 50, 100 and 200 years which are consistently increasing for long run in future

A Note on Authenticated Group Key Agreement Protocol Based on Twist Conjugacy Problem in Near – Rings

ABSTRACT In 2017, D. Ezhilmaran & V. Muthukumaran (E&M [1]) have proposed key agreement protocols based on twisted conjugacy search problem in Near – ring and they have claimed that one can extend 3 party key agreement protocol (3PKAP) to any number of parties. Unfortunately their protocol is not an extension of 3PKAP and we present this weakness in this paper. We also show that their proposed 3PKAP is practically infeasible. Their protocol is not extendable to large number of parties like in banking system where number of parties is high. To overcome this problem we present an improved (or corrected) version of 3PKAP and for better understanding we extend it into 4PKAP with improvements in terms of number of passes, rounds, time complexity and run time. KEYWORDS Data communication, Key agreement, Near – ring, Twisted Conjugacy Search Problem (TCSP

Spatial Variability of Electrical Conductivity of Desert Soil Irrigated with Treated Wastewater: Implications for Irrigation Management

Knowledge of spatial variability is important for management of land affected by various anthropogenic activities. This study was conducted at West Mesa land application site to determine the spatial variability of electrical conductivity (EC1:1) and suggest suitable management strategy. Study area was divided into five classes with EC increasing from class I to V. According to the coefficient of variation (CV), during 2009 and 2010, EC1:1 values for different classes were low to moderately variable at each depth. Semivariogram analysis showed that EC1:1 displayed both short and long range variability. Area coverage of classes I and II were much higher than classes III, IV, and V during 2009. However, during 2010 area coverage decreased from 26% to 14.91% for class II, increased from 12.11% to 22.97%, and 10.95% to 20.55 for classes IV and V, respectively. Overall area under EC1:1≥ 4 dS/m increased during 2009. Soil EC map showed EC classes IV (4.1–5 dS/m) and V (>5.1 dS/m) were concentrated at northwest and southeast and classes I and II were at the middle of the study plot. Thus, higher wastewater should be applied in the center and lower in the northwest and southwest part of the field