Stunting and soil-transmitted-helminth infections among school-age pupils in rural areas of southern China

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Stunting and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections including ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm remain major public health problems in school-age pupils in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of stunting for children and its association with three major soil-transmitted helminths (STH) in rural areas of southern China. The study also aims to determine risk factors for stunting and to provide guidance on the prevention and control of stunting and STH infections for future studies in this field.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A cross-sectional survey was carried out in the poor rural areas in Guangxi Autonomous Regional and Hainan Province where STH prevalence was higher between September and November 2009. Pupils were from 15 primary schools. All the school-age pupils aged between 9 and 12 years old (mean age 11.2 ± 3.2 years), from grades three to six took part in this study. Study contents include questionnaire surveys, physical examination and laboratory methods (stool checking for eggs of three major STH infections and haemoglobin determination was performed for the anaemia test). Finally 1031 school-age pupils took part in survey. The results showed that the overall prevalence of stunting (HAZ < 2SD) was 25.6%, based on the WHO Child Growth Standards (2007). Risk factors for stunting based on logistic regression analyses were: (1) STH moderate-to-heavy intensity infections (OR = 1.93;95%CI:1.19,3.11); (2) anaemia (OR = 3.26;95%CI: 2.02,5.27); (3) education level of mother (OR = 2.13; 95%CI: 1.39,3.25). The overall prevalence of major STH infections was 36.7%, STH moderate-to-heavy intensity infections was 16.7%. The overall prevalence of ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm and co-infection were 18.5%, 11.2%, 14.7% and 9.1% respectively. The prevalence of anaemic children (HB < 12 g/dl) was 13.1%.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study showed that stunting was highly prevalent among the study population and STH infection is one of the important risk factors for stunting, with moderate-to-heavy intensity infections being the main predictor of stunting. Hence, additional interventions measures such as to promote de-worming treatment, to enhance health education and to improve hygiene and sanitation in order to reduce stunting in this population, are needed throughout the primary school age group.</p

Poly[bis­[μ-1,4-bis­(1H-imidazol-5-yl)benzene-κ2 N 3:N 3′]diformatomanganese(II)]

In the title compound, [Mn(CHO2)2(C12H10N4)2]n, the MnII atom and the benzene ring of the ligand lie on an inversion centers. The MnII atom has an octa­hedral coordination environment composed of four N atoms from two different symmetry-related N-heterocyclic ligands forming the basal plane, and two O atoms from symmetry-related formate anions occupying the apical positions. The title compound forms a two-dimensional (4,4) net parallel to (100) with all the MnII atoms lying on a plane. The crystal structure is consolidated by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The Effect of Postoperative Corticosteroid Administration on Free Vascularized Fibular Grafting for Treating Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

Free vascularized fibular grafting (FVFG) has been reported to be an effective method of treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). This study evaluated whether postoperative maintenance doses of corticosteroids had an adverse effect on FVFG outcomes in patients with corticosteroid-induced ONFH. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 39 patients (67 hips) who had received maintenance doses of corticosteroids following FVFG. This group was matched to a group of patients who had not received corticosteroids treatment after operation. The mean follow-up duration was 5.4 years for the postoperative corticosteroid administration group (PCA group) and 5.0 years for the control group. At the latest follow-up, the average increase in Harris hip score was 11.1 ± 8.7 points for all hips in the PCA group and 12.6 ± 7.4 points for all hips in the control group (P>0.05). In the PCA group, through radiographic evaluation, 49 hips were improved, 10 hips appeared unchanged, and 8 hips appeared worse. In the control group, 47 hips were improved, 13 hips appeared unchanged, and 7 hips appeared worse. The results suggested that postoperative maintenance doses of corticosteroids do not have an adverse effect on FVFG outcomes in patients with corticosteroid-induced ONFH

Identification of single nucleotide polymorphism markers associated with resistance to bruchids (Callosobruchus spp.) in wild mungbean (Vigna radiata var. sublobata) and cultivated V. radiata through genotyping by sequencing and quantitative trait locus analysis

Interval mapping of bruchid resistance on physical maps of populations TC1966 x NM94 and V2802. (DOCX 14 kb

Specific and highly efficient condensation of GC and IC DNA by polyaza pyridinophane derivatives

Two bis-polyaza pyridinophane derivatives and their monomeric reference compounds revealed strong interactions with ds-DNA and RNA. The bis-derivatives show a specific condensation of GC- and IC-DNA, which is almost two orders of magnitude more efficient than the well-known condensation agent spermine. The type of condensed DNA was identified as psi-DNA, characterized by the exceptionally strong CD signals. At variance to the almost silent AT(U) polynucleotides, these strong CD signals allow the determination of GC-condensates at nanomolar nucleobase concentrations. Detailed thermodynamic characterisation by ITC reveals significant differences between the DNA binding of the bis- derivative compounds (enthalpy driven) and that of spermine and of their monomeric counterparts (entropy driven). Atomic force microscopy confirmed GC-DNA compaction by the bis-derivatives and the formation of toroid- and rod-like structures responsible for the psi-type pattern in the CD spectra

Poly[[&amp;#956;-1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene-&amp;#954;2N3:N3&amp;#8242;](&amp;#956;-5-methylisophthalato-&amp;#954;2O1:O3)cobalt(II)]

In the title coordination polymer, [Co(C9H6O4)(C12H10N4)]n, the CoII atom is four-coordinated by two O atoms from two different 5-methylisophthalate bivalent anions and two N atoms from two different 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene ligands, forming a four-coordinated tetrahedral coordination geometry. Each 5-methylisophthalate ligand acts as a &amp;#956;2-bridge, linking two CoII atoms and forming chains which are further linked by 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene ligands into a two-dimensional network parallel to (overline{2}01). These planes are, in turn, linked by two intermolecular N&amp;#8212;H...O interactions, forming a three-dimensional structure. Weak C&amp;#8212;H...O hydrogen bonds are also present in the structure

catena-Poly[[aqua[1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene]cadmium]-&amp;#956;3-5-methylisophthalato]

In the title coordination polymer, [Cd(C9H6O4)(C12H10N4)(H2O)]n, the CdII atom has a NO6 donor set and is coordinated by five carboxylate O atoms from three different 5-methyl-1,3-phenylenediacetate (pda2&amp;#8722;) anions, one O atom from a water molecule and one N atom from a 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene (L) ligand, displaying a highly distorted pentagonal&amp;#8211;bipyramidal geometry. Each pda2&amp;#8722; anion acts as a &amp;#956;3-bridge, linking CdII atoms to form one-dimensional slabs extending parallel to [010]. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked through N&amp;#8212;H...N and N&amp;#8212;H...O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network

Study on large deformation characteristics and control technology of tunnel surrounding rock in debris flow accumulation area

Debris flow accumulation has the characteristics of loose and broken, low strength, poor stability and so on. When the tunnel passes through the debris flow accumulation area, it is easy to bring major safety hazards to the construction site. Based on the engineering background of Gangou tunnel crossing debris flow accumulation area in the fourth bid of Jiumian expressway, this paper establishes a numerical calculation model, studies the large deformation characteristics of tunnel surrounding rock in debris flow area, determines the reasonable reinforcement range of tunnel surrounding rock, and puts forward the comprehensive control technology of tunnel passing through debris flow accumulation body combining surface stability and underground reinforcement based on simulation results and field experience. The numerical results show that the deformation of surrounding rock and ground surface can be effectively controlled. The rationality of the proposed control measures is verified by field monitoring, which provides a reference for surrounding rock control of tunnel under type conditions