Investigation of passive flow control techniques to enhance the stall characteristics of a microlight aircraft

This report investigates the enhancement of aerodynamic stall characteristics of a Skyranger microlight aircraft by the use of passive flow control techniques, namely vortex generators and turbulators. Each flow control device is designed and scaled to application conditions. Force balance measurements and surface oil flow visualisation are carried out on a half-model of the microlight to further investigate the nature of the flow on the aircraft with and without the flow control devices. The results indicate a clear advantage to the use of turbulators compared with vortex generators. Turbulators increased the maximum lift coefficient by 2.8%, delayed the onset of stall by increasing the critical angle by 17.6% and reduced the drag penalty at both lower (pre-stall) and higher angles of attack by 8% compared to vortex generators. With vortex generators applied, the results indicated a delayed stall with an increase in the critical angle by 2% and a reduced drag penalty at higher angles of attack

Analysis of genetic structure of white croaker usin amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers

No Abstrac

Country Report on Building Energy Codes in Japan

This report is part of a series of reports on building energy efficiency codes in countries associated with the Asian Pacific Partnership (APP) - Australia, South Korea, Japan, China, India, and the United States of America (U.S.). This reports gives an overview of the development of building energy codes in Japan, including national energy policies related to building energy codes, history of building energy codes, recent national projects and activities to promote building energy codes. The report also provides a review of current building energy codes (such as building envelope, HVAC, and lighting) for commercial and residential buildings in Japan

Measurement of Surface Machining Damage in Ceramics

Machining damage in hot pressed (NCI32) silicon nitride, due to surface grinding and polishing, has been simulated by dragging a Knoop indentor across the surface of optically polished samples. The reflection coefficient of the cracks thus generated was measured versus frequency, and was found to be in excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations of Achenbach and Brind1. We found that the long slot-like cracks were closed at the top (about 20% of the total crack depth), which was due to the residual stress introduced when the samples were scratched. By taking into consideration the crack closure, and with the results of our scattering measurements, we were able to make failure stress predictions with an accuracy of better than 10%

Histopathology and selective biomarker expression in human meibomian glands

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the most common form of evaporative dry eye disease, but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. This study examined the histopathological features of meibomian gland (MG) tissue from cadaver donors to identify potential pathogenic processes that underlie MGD in humans. METHODS: Histological analyses was performed on the MGs in the tarsal plates dissected from four cadaver donors, two young and two old adults, including a 36-year-old female (36F) and three males aged 30, 63 and 64 years (30M, 63M and 64M). RESULTS: The MGs of 36F displayed normal anatomy and structure, whereas the MGs of 30M showed severe ductal obstruction with mild distortion. The obstruction was caused by increased cytokeratin levels in association with hyperproliferation, but not hyperkeratinisation. In two older males, moderate to severe MG atrophy was noted. Cell proliferation was significantly reduced in the MG acini of the two older donors as measured by Ki67 labelling index (6.0%±3.4% and 7.9%±2.8% in 63M and 64M, respectively) when compared with that of the two younger donors (23.2%±5.5% and 16.9%±4.8% in 30M and 36F, respectively) (p\u3c0.001). The expression patterns of meibocyte differentiation biomarkers were similar in the older and younger donors. CONCLUSION: Our histopathological study, based on a small sample size, suggests potentially distinct pathogenic mechanisms in MGD. In the young male adult, hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation of the central ductal epithelia may lead to the obstruction by overproduced cytokeratins. In contrast, in older adults, decreased cell proliferation in acinar basal epithelia could be a contributing factor leading to MG glandular atrophy

Scattering Matrix Theory For Nonlinear Transport

We report a scattering matrix theory for dynamic and nonlinear transport in coherent mesoscopic conductors. In general this theory allows predictions of low frequency linear dynamic conductance, as well as weakly nonlinear DC conductance. It satisfies the conditions of gauge invariance and electric current conservation, and can be put into a form suitable for numerical computation. Using this theory we examine the third order weakly nonlinear DC conductance of a tunneling diode

General dynamical equations of motion for elastic body systems

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76290/1/AIAA-11407-643.pd

Ablation of Dihydroceramide Desaturase Confers Resistance to Etoposide-Induced Apoptosis In Vitro

10.1371/journal.pone.0044042PLoS ONE79

Weakly Nonlinear AC Response: Theory and Application

We report a microscopic and general theoretical formalism for electrical response which is appropriate for both DC and AC weakly nonlinear quantum transport. The formalism emphasizes the electron-electron interaction and maintains current conservation and gauge invariance. It makes a formal connection between linear response and scattering matrix theory at the weakly nonlinear level. We derive the dynamic conductance and predict the nonlinear-nonequilibrium charge distribution. The definition of a nonlinear capacitance leads to a remarkable scaling relation which can be measured to give microscopic information about a conductor