A Balancing Act Between Nationalism and Globalism: A Comparison of Two Chinese Official Newspapers in Portrayal of America 1989-2009

This study uses discourse analysis to investigate and compare the coverage of America in two Chinese official newspapers, the Chinese language People’s Daily and the English language China Daily in January in 1989, 1999, and 2009. This study compares the two newspapers in four aspects of the texts: topic selection, headline design, writing tactics, and visual components use, to find any differences in reporting tactics according to their different readerships. People’s Daily employed a constant editorial preference for political content and a provocative reporting tactics. Meanwhile, China Daily used a more global editorial approach. Its content and its reports were increasingly consistent with Western journalism criteria: accurate, brief, and clear

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cell type-specific immune regulation associated with human neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

IntroductionOne rare type of autoimmune disease is called neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and the peripheral immune characteristics of NMOSD remain unclear.MethodsHere, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is used to characterize peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals with NMOSD.ResultsThe differentiation and activation of lymphocytes, expansion of myeloid cells, and an excessive inflammatory response in innate immunity are observed. Flow cytometry analyses confirm a significant increase in the percentage of plasma cells among B cells in NMOSD. NMOSD patients exhibit an elevated percentage of CD8+ T cells within the T cell population. Oligoclonal expansions of B cell receptors are observed after therapy. Additionally, individuals with NMOSD exhibit elevated expression of CXCL8, IL7, IL18, TNFSF13, IFNG, and NLRP3.DiscussionPeripheral immune response high-dimensional single-cell profiling identifies immune cell subsets specific to a certain disease and identifies possible new targets for NMOSD

Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations

Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder with approximately 1% lifetime risk globally. Large-scale schizophrenia genetic studies have reported primarily on European ancestry samples, potentially missing important biological insights. Here, we report the largest study to date of East Asian participants (22,778 schizophrenia cases and 35,362 controls), identifying 21 genome-wide-significant associations in 19 genetic loci. Common genetic variants that confer risk for schizophrenia have highly similar effects between East Asian and European ancestries (genetic correlation = 0.98 ± 0.03), indicating that the genetic basis of schizophrenia and its biology are broadly shared across populations. A fixed-effect meta-analysis including individuals from East Asian and European ancestries identified 208 significant associations in 176 genetic loci (53 novel). Trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the sets of candidate causal variants in 44 loci. Polygenic risk scores had reduced performance when transferred across ancestries, highlighting the importance of including sufficient samples of major ancestral groups to ensure their generalizability across populations

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Flexible Nanofabrication Equipment: E-beam Lithography System Based on SEM

Electron beam lithography (EBL) is widely used in nano-scale device fabrication and research due to high resolution and excellent flexibility. In this paper, nanometer EBL system based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) is introduced. Its main components include a modified SEM, a laser interferometer controlled stage, a versatile high speed pattern generator, and a fully functional and easy-operational software system. In order to explain this EBL system design principle, realization method, this paper mainly introduces each component’s design basis, main structures and functions. Stitching experiments overlay experiments and arbitrary shape patterns exposure experiments have been done on this EBL system based on JSM-35CF SEM. The lithography results demonstrate that the resolution of electron beam lithography system can approach nanometer. This kind of EBL system based on SEM can meet the need of micro-nanofabrication research and design activities at flexibility and low price. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i5.447

Study on innovation for water resource management mechanism in Tarim River Basin [Chinese language]

Abstract in EnglishThis paper firstly reviewed the current water resource management mode and its basic characteristics of the Tarim River basin, and analyzed vital barriers of the current water management regime indepeding local economic development. A kind of innovative mechanism based on water property rights trade-off was introduced into water management of the basin by the authors. The ideas presented in the paper will be of great significance not only for current regulation and optimized allocation of water resource in the Tarim River basin, but also for the improvement and enhancement of water management for other watersheds