An Energy-Aware Protocol for Self-Organizing Heterogeneous LTE Systems

This paper studies the problem of self-organizing heterogeneous LTE systems. We propose a model that jointly considers several important characteristics of heterogeneous LTE system, including the usage of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), the frequency-selective fading for each link, the interference among different links, and the different transmission capabilities of different types of base stations. We also consider the cost of energy by taking into account the power consumption, including that for wireless transmission and that for operation, of base stations and the price of energy. Based on this model, we aim to propose a distributed protocol that improves the spectrum efficiency of the system, which is measured in terms of the weighted proportional fairness among the throughputs of clients, and reduces the cost of energy. We identify that there are several important components involved in this problem. We propose distributed strategies for each of these components. Each of the proposed strategies requires small computational and communicational overheads. Moreover, the interactions between components are also considered in the proposed strategies. Hence, these strategies result in a solution that jointly considers all factors of heterogeneous LTE systems. Simulation results also show that our proposed strategies achieve much better performance than existing ones

Mental Torture: A Critique of Erasures in U.S. Law

Both international and federal law criminalize mental torture as well as physical torture, and both agree that “severe mental pain or suffering” defines mental torture. However, U.S. law provides a confused and convoluted definition of severe mental pain or suffering—one that falsifies the very concept and makes mental torture nearly impossible to prosecute or repress. Our principal aim is to expose the fallacies that underlie the U.S. definition of mental torture: first, a materialist bias that the physical is more real than the mental; second, a substitution trick that defines mental pain or suffering through a narrow set of causes and effects, ignoring the experience itself; third, a forensic fallacy, in which the due process requirements of specificity in criminal law become wrongly identified with defining characteristics of the crime of torture (an understanding that loops back to corrupt the law); and fourth, a mens rea requirement that excludes all mental torture not committed with the sadistic intention of causing long-lasting harm. Our article begins with an analysis of the concept of mental pain and suffering, as well as a factual discussion of U.S. practice. We also examine the legislative history of the definition in U.S. law. We demonstrate that it derives from political concerns that other countries might accuse U.S. law enforcement personnel of torture. We conclude by examining the specific evil of mental torture: the merciless attempt to break down and occupy the personality of the victim

Who Misvotes? The Effect of Differential Cognition Costs on Election Outcomes

If voters are fully rational and have negligible cognition costs, ballot layout should not affect election outcomes. In this paper, we explore deviations from rational voting using quasi-random variation in candidate name placement on ballots from the 2003 California Recall Election. We find that the voteshares of minor candidates almost double when their names are adjacent to the names of major candidates on a ballot. Voteshare gains are largest in precincts with high percentages of Democratic, Hispanic, low-income, non-English speaking, poorly educated, or young voters. A major candidate that attracts a disproportionate share of voters from these types of precincts faces a systematic electoral disadvantage. If the Republican frontrunner Arnold Schwarzenegger and Democratic frontrunner Cruz Bustamante had been in a tie, adjacency misvoting would have given Schwarzenegger an edge of 0.06% of the voteshare. This gain in voteshare exceeds the margins of victory in the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election and the 2004 Washington Gubernatorial Election. We explore which voting technology platforms and brands mitigate misvoting.

A General Upper Bound on the Size of Constant-Weight Conflict-Avoiding Codes

Conflict-avoiding codes are used in the multiple-access collision channel without feedback. The number of codewords in a conflict-avoiding code is the number of potential users that can be supported in the system. In this paper, a new upper bound on the size of conflict-avoiding codes is proved. This upper bound is general in the sense that it is applicable to all code lengths and all Hamming weights. Several existing constructions for conflict-avoiding codes, which are known to be optimal for Hamming weights equal to four and five, are shown to be optimal for all Hamming weights in general.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur

Supports from parents, optimism, and life satisfaction in early adolescents

This study examined influences of father and mother support, and optimism on life satisfaction in early adolescents (n = 814; mean age = 13.66 years old) in Malaysia, as well as its variation across gender. Participants were recruited using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) sampling method from secondary school of four educational zones in Kuala Lumpur. Questionnaires comprising demographic items and measures of the social support, optimism and life satisfaction were self-administered by the students at their respective schools. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via AMOS. Adolescents who received greater support from their parents reported better life satisfaction. Optimism has an indirect effect on relationship between support from mother and life satisfaction. The model was found as not stable across gender. Support from mother contributed to optimism, and optimism contributed to life satisfaction among adolescent boys, while effect was not found among adolescent girls. Findings imply the importance of considering these variables in prevention and intervention efforts involving early adolescents

Give it up for climate change : a defence of the beneficiary pays principle

This article focuses on the normative problem of establishing how the burdens associated with implementing policies designed to prevent, or manage, climate change should be shared amongst states involved in ongoing international climate change negotiations. This problem has three key features: identifying the nature and extent of the burdens that need to be borne; identifying the type of agent that should be allocated these burdens; and distributing amongst the particular ‘tokens’ of the relevant ‘agent type’ climatic burdens according to principles that none could reasonably reject. The article defends a key role in climatic burden-sharing policy for the principle that states benefiting most from activities that cause climate change should bear the greatest burden in terms of the costs of preventing dangerous climate change. I outline two versions of this ‘beneficiary pays’ principle; examine the strengths and weakness of each version; and explore how the most plausible version (which I call the ‘unjust enrichment’ account) could be operationalized in the context of global climate governance

Power MOSFET Thermal Instability Operation Characterization Support

Metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are used extensively in flight hardware and ground support equipment. In the quest for faster switching times and lower "on resistance," the MOSFETs designed from 1998 to the present have achieved most of their intended goals. In the quest for lower on resistance and higher switching speeds, the designs now being produced allow the charge-carrier dominated region (once small and outside of the area of concern) to become important and inside the safe operating area (SOA). The charge-carrier dominated region allows more current to flow as the temperature increases. The higher temperatures produce more current resulting in the beginning of thermal runaway. Thermal runaway is a problem affecting a wide range of modern MOSFETs from more than one manufacturer. This report contains information on MOSFET failures, their causes and test results and information dissemination

Ceramic Capacitor Delamination Problem

Update on ceramic capacitors issues since last years meeting. To including the story behind the issues behind the TIRS and SDO leaky capacitors

Exploring Clinician Perceptions of a Veteran Peer Support Intervention to Inform Implementation

poster abstractIntroduction Chronic pain affects a large number of veterans and negatively impacts their quality of life. To address chronic pain, peer support models have been utilized and show promising results. ECLIPSE (Evaluation of a Coach--‐Led Intervention to Improve Pain Symptoms) is focused on a peer support intervention that involves peer delivery of pain self--‐management strategies for veterans dealing with chronic musculoskeletal pain. This intervention aims to positively impact overall pain levels, as well as self--‐efficacy, social support, pain coping, patient activation, health--‐related quality of life, and health service utilization. The current study serves the pre--‐implementation aim of ECLIPSE; the purpose of this study was to explore clinician perceptions regarding ECLIPSE to inform implementation into VA clinics. Methods This study utilized a qualitative approach to interview clinicians at a single US VA Medical Center. A research assistant conducted individual, in--‐person, semi--‐structured interviews with clinicians, which fulfills the third aim of a larger research project. Analysis consisted of developing descriptive coding and themes emerged through the evaluation of coded segments. Results Preliminary results for n=9 (second round of interviews to be completed in the summer) have revealed 4 themes. Clinicians: i) have an overall positive view of this type of intervention; ii) believe peer coaches should be properly selected and supported; iii) have valuable feedback on aspects of implementing and maintaining this type of intervention within clinics; and iv) have considerations for maximizing intervention utility. Conclusions Interventions that involve peer coaching may be incredibly beneficial for those suffering with chronic pain. However, to determine the ease of implementation of these types of interventions into clinic settings, understanding clinician viewpoints is a necessary aspect to ensure success. Feedback collected in this study can also facilitate implementation on a broader scale, allowing more veterans to benefit from this peer support intervention