Investigations on the Problem of Moisture Absorption13; by Kevlar Fibres

Kevlar fibres are know, to have affinity for moisture. We have investigated (i) the effect of relative humidity (RH) of ambient atmosphere and ( ii ) the effect of crystallinity of fibres on the process of moisture uptake.13; For RH values ranging fran 3 to 80% variation of moisture content of initially dry fibres with time has been measured. It is found that saturation moisture content varies with RH value. Specimens in which crystallinity has been reduced by apropriate treatmrent exhibit a marked increase in moisture content.Experiments on the effect of soaking the fibres in water at 26xB0;C and 98xB0;C have also been carried out. The site of ITOisture absorption has been studied using X-ray of dry Kevlar 49 fibres and those with clifferent levels13; of misture content. The results suggest that water molecules do not enter the unit cell

EFFICACY OF PRISHNAPARNI-BALA-VASA KWATHA IN GARBHAVASTHA JANYA SHOPHA

Many signs and symptoms produced during pregnancy are caused due to the anatomical and physiological changes in mother and maternal adaptation to these changes. One such symptom which appears physiologically during pregnancy is “Garbhavastha Janya Pada Shopha”. The incidence of oedema in normal healthy pregnant women is reported to be 50-80%. If Pada shopha is ignored and not treated then it acts as a precursor and predisposes to the development of deep-vein thrombosis. Hence emphasis is given for pedal oedema during pregnancy in this study. Early detection and appropriate treatment is the need of the hour to reduce the Pada Shopha and to overcome the complications underlying the Pada Shopha. In Yoga Rathnakara specific treatment for Garbhavastha Janya Shopha is advocated with Prishna Parni-Bala-Vasa Kwatha.Materials and Methods: 30 patients registered and diagnosed as Garbhavastha Janya Shopha (non-pathological mild to moderated pedal oedema) were treated with Prishnaparni-Bala-Vasa Kwatha three times daily for 15 days. Dose -16 ml thrice daily orally. Follow up: On 22thand 29thday. Results: Statistically significant results was seen, for location t=11.0886 and p= <0.0001, circumference at forefoot in right & left leg was t= 8.8039 and p= <0.0001 & at ankle joint in right and left leg was t=6.0990 and p= <0.0001, on bilateral/unilateral oedema was t=8.9303 and p= <0.0001, on grades at forefoot, ankle joint in right and left leg was t= 7.8831 and p=<0.0001, on pitting at forefoot, ankle in right and left leg was t= 7.8831 and p=<0.0001, time of aggravation was t= 8.6509 and p= <0.0001. Conclusion: Hence it can be concluded that Prishnaparni-Bala-Vasa Kwatha is effective in treating non-pathological mild to moderate Garbhavastha Janya Shopha

Effect of stocking density on growth, maturity, fecundity, reproductive behaviour and fry production in the mouth brooding cichlid Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters)

Growth and reproductive performance of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) in relation to stocking density was evaluated in indoor aquaria. Juveniles weighing 978 ± 370 mg were held in densities of 10, 20, 30 and 40 aquarium-1 (429, 858, 1287 and 1716 juveniles/m3) in aquaria (size: 46 × 23 × 23 cm) each containing 12 L freshwater. They reared on dry Tubifex tubifex worms and dry fish pellets for over 25 weeks. Growth and specific growth rates were inversely proportional to stocking density (P=0.0555, r=0.944; P=0.0395, r=0.960 respectively). At the highest stocking density (40 juveniles aquarium-1), magnitude of decrease in daily growth was 51.21%. Increase in stocking density resulted in reduction in size at maturity in both the sexes (male: 2 to 7.5%; female: 1.37 to 5.57%), reduction in fecundity (25 to 31%), fry production (18.58 to 28.58%) and inter-spawning interval (25 to 40%). At a living space of 597 cm3/fish (40 fish aquarium-1), though males constructed the nest, females failed to spawn as post vitellogenic oocytes had become atretic and/or resorbed.Key words: Oreochromis mossambicus, stocking density, size at maturity, fecundity, spawning, fry production

Stabilization of Black cotton soil with Tyre Waste

Black cotton soil which covers the major portion of Indian sub continent poses challenging problems to infrastructural development in the region. The soil is generally weak and has less stability against the application of load. These soils are used in sub grade of pavement and also in construction of structures. The swelling and shrinkage property of black cotton soil makes it difficult for construction. Soil stabilization is one such method which will be adopted to improve the properties of soils. Many additives such as fly ash, mine waste, cement, lime have been used inthe past to stabilize the soils. In this study an attempt is made to stabilize the soil using tyre waste. Results of the study reveal that the engineering properties of soil can be improved by the addition of tyre waste and also solves the problem of disposal of waste

The Functions of Transaction Costs: Rethinking Transaction Cost Minimization in a World of Friction

This article critically examines the goal of minimizing transaction costs, including the costs of legal decision-making. This goal permeates the law and economics literature and has profoundly influenced public policy. While most transaction cost scholarship has focused upon private law, the minimization goal has strongly influenced public law, where it has contributed to a variety of legal changes aimed at reducing public transaction costs, often through privatization. We argue that transaction costs purchase corollary benefits. They frequently enable those engaging in transactions to obtain information needed to correct for information asymmetries or inadequate information. They perform the functions of facilitating efficient transactions, allowing the avoidance of bad transactions, and serving important equitable goals. It follows that lawmakers must take transaction cost functions into account when deciding whether eliminating them is desirable. We discuss how to identify transaction cost functions and how to take these functions into account in choosing legal rules. In so doing, we extend the transaction cost debate, which has focused predominantly on private law, into the public law arena, or, more precisely, into the debate about the role of private markets in achieving public values. While some transaction costs deserve elimination, we conclude that maintaining or even increasing transaction costs sometimes makes sense. We show that viewing each transaction cost as a simple deadweight loss skews legal theory in both the public and private realms. This article uses the teachings of the Supreme Court\u27s procedural due process jurisprudence, institutional economics, and theories focusing on information to inform analysis of transaction costs. It examines transaction costs\u27 role in both the legal theory and policy-making in a wide variety of areas, including nuisance law, environmental law, intellectual property, corporate law, contract and the privatization of social services

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF STREPTOMYCES VARIABILIS STRAIN-VITUMVB03 ISOLATED FROM KANYAKUMARI MARINE SEDIMENTS

Objective: This study was focused on an evaluation of antimicrobial activity of actinobacterial isolated from Kanyakumari marine sediments.Methods: This study includes sample collection from Kanyakumari beach, followed by isolation of marine actinobacteria, screening for antibacterial activity and antifungal activity. Finally, the most active isolate was identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: Marine actinobacteria are one of the leading microbes of the ocean known for producing excellent secondary metabolites and having a broad spectrum of anti-microbial activity, hence they are very important from an industrial point of view. The marine sediment sample used was collected from Kanyakumari beach, in the month of July, falling in the latitudinal range of 8.5074°N and in the longitude of 76.9730°E. A total of 8 actinobacterial colonies were isolated by spread plate technique on Actinomycetes isolation agar, Kuster's agar and Starch casein agar. The isolate cultures were designated as UST1- UST8. Among them, UST3 showed a maximum zone of inhibition against clinical pathogens Salmonella typhi and Aspergillus niger with a zone of inhibition of 22mm and 20mm respectively. In solvent extraction study ethyl acetate and hexane was found as best solvents for extraction. Potential isolate UST3 was identified as Streptomyces variabilis using morphological studies and 16S rRNA sequencing. Potential strain was submitted as Streptomyces variabilis- VITUMVB03Conclusion:  Results obtained in this study concluded that marine actinobacteria have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and can be used in the pharmaceutical industry.Keywords: Anti-fungal activity, Anti-bacterial activity, Salmonella typhi, Aspergillus niger, Streptomyces variabili

EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TETRAHYDROCURCUMINOID IN THE TREATMENT OF ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA: A PILOT STUDY

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tetrahydrocurcuminoid (THC) in the treatment of oral leukoplakia. Methods: Patients with oral mucosal lesions with clinical features of leukoplakia were selected, and an incisional biopsy of the lesion was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Demographic data, habit history, and complete medical history were documented. Subjects were given 2% THC gel (Sami Labs, Bengaluru) with advice to apply the gel to the affected areas, 5 times daily for 12 weeks. The lesion was examined, and its characteristics were documented in a standard manner at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks. Results: Of the eight patients, 6 were males with age range from 40 to 70 years (mean age of 56 years). All the patients reported a reduction of burning sensation within 3 weeks of starting treatment and were completely asymptomatic by the end of the study. There was a decrease in the size of the lesion during the follow-up period. Reduction in thickness of the lesion was found in six of eight patients. Histological improvement a stage better was seen in three patients after completion of treatment. However, there was no histological improvement in four patients, and one patient progressed to mild dysplasia from hyperkeratosis without dysplasia. Conclusion: THD when topically applied in gel form is remarkably effective in alleviating clinical symptoms. The remarkable histological improvement was seen in 3 of 8 patients

Significant Improvement of Fidelity for Encoded Quantum Bell Pairs at Long and Short-Distance Communication Along With Generalized Circuit

Quantum entanglement is a unique criterion of the quantum realm and an essential tool to secure quantum communication. Ensuring high-fidelity entanglement has always been a challenging task owing to interaction with the hostile channel environment created due to quantum noise and decoherence. Though several methods have been proposed, correcting almost all arbitrary errors is still a gigantic task. As one of the main contributions of this work, a new model for \u27large distance communication\u27 has been proposed, which may correct all bit flip errors or other errors quite extensively if proper encoding and subspace measurements are used. To achieve this purpose, at the very first step, the idea of differentiating the \u27long-distance communication\u27 and \u27short-distance applications\u27 has been introduced. Short-distance is determined by the maximum range of applying unitary control gates by the qubit technology. How the error correcting ability of Quantum codes change for short and long-distance application is investigated in this work, which was not explored in previous literatures as far as we know. At the beginning, we have applied stabilizer formalism and Repetition Code for decoding to distinguish the error correcting ability in long and short distance communication. Particularly for short-distance communication, it has been demonstrated that a \u27properly encoded\u27 bell state can identify all the bit flip, or phase flip errors with 100% accuracy theoretically. In contrast, if the bell states are used in long-distance communication, the error-detecting and correcting ability reduces at huge amounts. To increase the fidelity significantly and correct the errors quite extensively for long-distance communication, a new model based on classical communication protocol has been suggested. All the required circuits in these processes have been generalized for arbitrary (even) numbers of ancilla qubits during encoding. Proposed analytical results have also been verified with the Simulation results of IBM QISKIT QASM