Insecticide Effects on Normal Development and Hatch of Embryos of \u3ci\u3eParatanytarsus Parthenogeneticus\u3c/i\u3e (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Simple, low cost methods are needed to determine the effect of pesticides on non-target aquatic organisms. In this report, embryos of Paratanytarsus parthenogenetic us were exposed from deposition to hatch to five pesticides. Four of the five pesticides affected development or hatch only at concentrations which exceeded 96-h LC50 values of other non-target invertebrates. One pesticide, fenitrothion, affected hatch at 13 Ilgll which is similar to 96-h LC50 values for other aquatic invertebrates. Because of the low sensitivity of the embryo to pesticides, this method may not be a useful pesticide screening test for non-target invertebrates

Real-Time Cross-Layer Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks

Reliable and energy efficient routing is a critical issue in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) deployments. Many approaches have been proposed for WSN routing, but sensor field implementations, compared to computer simulations and fully-controlled testbeds, tend to be lacking in the literature and not fully documented. Typically, WSNs provide the ability to gather information cheaply, accurately and reliably over both small and vast physical regions. Unlike other large data network forms, where the ultimate input/output interface is a human being, WSNs are about collecting data from unattended physical environments. Although WSNs are being studied on a global scale, the major current research is still focusing on simulations experiments. In particular for sensor networks, which have to deal with very stringent resource limitations and that are exposed to severe physical conditions, real experiments with real applications are essential. In addition, the effectiveness of simulation studies is severely limited in terms of the difficulty in modeling the complexities of the radio environment, power consumption on sensor devices, and the interactions between the physical, network and application layers. The routing problem in ad hoc WSNs is nontrivial issue because of sensor node failures due to restricted recourses. Thus, the routing protocols of WSNs encounter two conflicting issue: on the one hand, in order to optimise routes, frequent topology updates are required, while on the other hand, frequent topology updates result in imbalanced energy dissipation and higher message overhead. In the literature, such as in (Rahul et al., 2002), (Woo et al., 2003), (TinyOS, 2004), (Gnawali et al., 2009) and (Burri et al., 2007) several authors have presented routing algorithms for WSNs that consider purely one or two metrics at most in attempting to optimise routes while attempting to keep small message overhead and balanced energy dissipation. Recent studies on energy efficient routing in multihop WSNs have shown a great reliance on radio link quality in the path selection process. If sensor nodes along the routing path and closer to the base station advertise a high quality link to forwarding upstream packets, these sensor nodes will experience a faster depletion rate in their residual energy. This results in a topological routing hole or network partitioning as stated and resolved in and (Daabaj 2010). This chapter presents an empirical study on how to improve energy efficiency for reliable multihop communication by developing a real-time cross-layer lifetime-oriented routing protocol and integrating useful routing information from different layers to examine their joint benefit on the lifetime of individual sensor nodes and the entire sensor network. The proposed approach aims to balance the workload and energy usage among relay nodes to achieve balanced energy dissipation, thereby maximizing the functional network lifetime. The obtained experimental results are presented from prototype real-network experiments based on Crossbow’s sensor motes (Crossbow, 2010), i.e., Mica2 low-power wireless sensor platforms (Crossbow, 2010). The distributed real-time routing protocol which is proposed In this chapter aims to face the dynamics of the real world sensor networks and also to discover multiple paths between the base station and source sensor nodes. The proposed routing protocol is compared experimentally with a reliability-oriented collection-tree protocol, i.e., the TinyOS MintRoute protocol (Woo et al., 2003). The experimental results show that our proposed protocol has a higher node energy efficiency, lower control overhead, and fair average delay

Insecticide Effects on Normal Development and Hatch of Embryos of \u3ci\u3eParatanytarsus Parthenogeneticus\u3c/i\u3e (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Simple, low cost methods are needed to determine the effect of pesticides on non-target aquatic organisms. In this report, embryos of Paratanytarsus parthenogenetic us were exposed from deposition to hatch to five pesticides. Four of the five pesticides affected development or hatch only at concentrations which exceeded 96-h LC50 values of other non-target invertebrates. One pesticide, fenitrothion, affected hatch at 13 Ilgll which is similar to 96-h LC50 values for other aquatic invertebrates. Because of the low sensitivity of the embryo to pesticides, this method may not be a useful pesticide screening test for non-target invertebrates

The use of econometric models in the study of demographic policy measures (based on the example of fertility stimulation in Russia)

Russia is experiencing steady population decline. One of the reasons for this is low fertility. The other major problem is insufficient housing availability. In today's political discussion, these two problems are often presented as interconnected. The aim of our research is to analyse the relationship between fertility dynamics and provision of housing in Russia in order to subsequently assess the effectiveness of the most expensive measure for stimulating fertility in the state's history - the so-called "maternity capital". We estimated regression models for the time series of fertility rates and the availability of housing. To assess the strength of relationship between the time series, we analysed correlation between regressions' residuals in two models.A retrospective analysis of the time series showed no correlation between the two in a historical context. Throughout the time that the maternity capital was in place the correlation analysis also revealed no relationship between them. Our analysis showed that these variables were not significantly correlated either in urban or rural Russian areas. We can conclude that the introduction of maternity capital in Russia was not underpinned by profound statistical and demographic analysis. Our results also give reason to question the effectiveness of maternity capital. © ECMS Zita Zoltay Paprika, Péter Horák, Kata Váradi,Péter Tamás Zwierczyk, Ágnes Vidovics-Dancs, János Péter Rádics (Editors)

Do Interactions Between Environmental Chemicals and the Human Microbiome Need to Be Considered in Risk Assessments?

One of the most dynamic and fruitful areas of current health‐related research concerns the various roles of the human microbiome in disease. Evidence is accumulating that interactions between substances in the environment and the microbiome can affect risks of disease, in both beneficial and adverse ways. Although most of the research has concerned the roles of diet and certain pharmaceutical agents, there is increasing interest in the possible roles of environmental chemicals. Chemical risk assessment has, to date, not included consideration of the influence of the microbiome. We suggest that failure to consider the possible roles of the microbiome could lead to significant error in risk assessment results. Our purpose in this commentary is to summarize some of the evidence supporting our hypothesis and to urge the risk assessment community to begin considering and influencing how results from microbiome‐related research could be incorporated into chemical risk assessments. An additional emphasis in our commentary concerns the distinct possibility that research on chemical–microbiome interactions will also reduce some of the significant uncertainties that accompany current risk assessments. Of particular interest is evidence suggesting that the microbiome has an influence on variability in disease risk across populations and (of particular interest to chemical risk) in animal and human responses to chemical exposure. The possible explanatory power of the microbiome regarding sources of variability could reduce what might be the most significant source of uncertainty in chemical risk assessment.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151980/1/risa13316_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151980/2/risa13316.pd

Ration and toxicant preexposure influence dieldrin accumulation by rainbow trout

Whole body accumulation and tissue distribution of dieldrin (HEOD1) in rainbow trout was studied through oral dose disposition tests and subchronic exposures via water (0.04 and 0.08 jig dieldrin/l) and/or diet (0.087 jig dieldrin/g fish/day). Growth and maintenance rations of 4 and 2% body weight/day were employed. Subchronic testing produced apparent steady state residue concentrations dependent on ration and exposure concentration after eight weeks exposure. At 16 weeks, mean whole fish residue concentrations ranged from 120 to 1400 ng dieldrin/g fish. Exposure through food and water under conditions of growth produced the highest values (1300-1400 ng dieldrin/g fish). Maintenance rations apparently limited accumulation to a maximum of 360 ng dieldrin/g fish. Whole body dieldrin concentration calculated on the basis of total lipids greatly reduced the differences in residue levels due to ration. Disposition tests were conducted on fish administered dieldrin via the diet for 2, 4 and 6 weeks and naive fish (no pretreatment). The 1 HEOD: endo exo isomer of 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-expoxy-1,4,4a, 5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4,5,8-dimethanonaphthalene disposition of a single oral dose of radiolabelled dieldrin was determined 48 hours following administration. Retention of the dose was relatively constant at 0, 2, and 6 weeks with a downward trend for most tissues and a 2 and 5 fold increase in retention of label in the bile of fish receiving maintenance and growth treatments, respectively. After 4 weeks pretreatment, label concentrations in all tissues except the bile, gut, and gut contents increased 3 to 30 fold compared to label retained by naive fish

Fertility in the Ural federal district: modeling and evaluation of the dynamics prospects

The article presents the results of the statistical analysis and econometric modeling of fertility dynamics in the Urals Federal District. The relevance of the study is determined by the instability of demographic processes in Russia, their noticeable regional specificity, and negative forecasts of the population replacement. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current situation and identify the prospects of the fertility dynamics in different regions of the Urals Federal District using econometric modeling. To conduct the study, we used the data of the Federal State Statistics Service. We analyzed the absolute and relative indicators of fertility. Time series from 1990 to 2014 were examined. To estimate the trends in birth rates dynamics we applied descriptive statistics, regression analysis of the time series data (analytical smoothing method) and correlation analysis of the time series’ irregular components based on Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. By using the designated methods and techniques we obtained the substantial and coherent results, namely, we described the dynamics of the birth rates and assessed the prospects of demographic trends in different regions of the Urals Federal District. The study also made it possible to draw a conclusion about the necessity of a differentiated approach to the development of effective measures to promote and support fertility. Such an approach should be based on a regional perspective. An effective way to implement this is by taking into consideration the difference not only in the current values of birth rates, but also in the character of their dynamics. The study revealed that the modeling of the reproduction processes by using regression analysis can be considered as a relevant and valid approach to evaluate the population replacement. Such simulations can act as an information and analytical basis for sound management decisions and the development of effective programs aimed at improving the demographic situation in the region.В статье представлены результаты статистического анализа и эконометрического моделирования рождаемости в областях Уральского федерального округа. Актуальность представленного исследования определяется неустойчивостью демографической динамики России, ее ярко выраженной региональной спецификой, а также негативными прогнозами воспроизводства населения. Целью исследования является анализ существующего положения и выявление перспектив демографического развития областей УрФО посредством моделирования рождаемости эконометрическим инструментарием. Для проведения исследования использовались данные Федеральной службы государственной статистики об абсолютных и относительных показателях рождаемости в областях УрФО. Были исследованы динамические ряды за период с 1990 по 2014 г. Для моделирования тренда в динамике рождаемости применялись методы описательной статистики, регрессионного анализа рядов динамики (метод аналитического выравнивания), корреляционного анализа нерегулярных компонент временных рядов на основе коэффициента ранговой корреляции Спирмена. Применение обозначенных методов и техник анализа позволило получить значимые и непротиворечивые результаты - охарактеризовать динамику рождаемости в областях Уральского федерального округа, оценить перспективы развития демографических трендов. Проведенное исследование также позволило сделать вывод о необходимости дифференцированного подхода к выработке эффективных мер стимулирования и поддержки рождаемости. Такой подход должен основываться на учете региональной специфики. При этом продуктивным является учет дифференциации не только стационарных значений показателей рождаемости, но и характера их динамики. Исследование показало, что моделирование динамики воспроизводственных процессов методами регрессионного анализа может рассматриваться в качестве релевантного и научно обоснованного подхода к изучению демографических процессов. Такое моделирование может выступать в качестве информационно-аналитической базы для выработки обоснованных управленческих решений и разработки эффективных программ, направленных на улучшение демографической ситуации в регионе

Демографическое развитие Уральского региона: статистическое исследование рождаемости

The article presents the results of statistical and econometric survey on fertility in the Sverdlovsk region. Based on the analysis of fertility time series it is concluded that Ural federal district as a whole and the Sverdlovsk region in particular have an increased demographic potential. The method of structural decomposition of the time series of monthly fertility gave an opportunity to estimate trend, seasonal and irregular components in its dynamics and to identify the features of reproductive behavior of the population in the Sverdlovsk region.Автором представлены результаты статистического и эконометрического исследования рождаемости в Свердловской области. На основе анализа временных рядов основных показателей рождаемости сделан вывод о повышенном демографическом потенциале Уральского региона в целом, и Свердловской области в особенности. Структурная декомпозиция временного ряда помесячной рождаемости позволила оценить трендовую, сезонную и случайную компоненты в ее динамике, выявить особенности репродуктивного поведения населения в Свердловской области

Parental labor in the Republic of Tuva in the context of the regional cluster structure of Russia's demographic space (1990-2019)

Despite the overall positive dynamics of demographic processes related to the natural reproduction of the population in the Republic of Tuva, the region currently experiences a fairly negative state of several spheres of human capital functioning and development. This may indicate a problematic state of the sphere of parental labor in the region. The article presents the results of identifying the place of the Republic of Tuva in the cluster structures of Russian regions. These structures were formed by the parameters of parental labor during the period from 1990 to 2019. The authors assess the place of the Republic of Tuva in the cluster space of Russian regions according to indicators that demonstrate the conditions, organization and results of parental labor. The research is based on an interdisciplinary concept of parental labor, which implies the labor character of parenthood and its compliance with all the features of work activity. The sources of the study are the data of the Federal State Statistics Service and the data of federal statistical observations on socio-demographic issues. Two key features of the position of the Republic of Tuva in the regional cluster structure have been identified. The first one is that Tuva either does not fit into the structure of the formed regional cluster space and is not included in any of the identified clusters, or it is geometrically located at a very far distance from the center of the cluster to which it is assigned. The second feature is that the profile of Tuva as part of the entire cluster is in most cases characterized by polarity and extreme ambiguity. © 2023 New Reaearch of Tuva. All rights reserved.SS–1327.2022.2The research was conducted as part of the project “Russian Pro-Natalist Policy Support Institutions: Potential and Prospects for Influencing Birth Rate Growth” supported by the Council for Grants of the President of the Russian Federation for State Support to Leading Scientific Schools of the Russian Federation (SS–1327.2022.2)