目次 : 『千葉医学雑誌 オープン・アクセス・ペーパー』 92E巻4号 2016年8月

<p>(a) Clustering evolution of oil importers. (b) Evolution of cluster ratios.</p

Frequency dependent deformation reversibility during cyclic loading

<p>High-frequency testing (HFT) is useful for accelerated fatigue testing of conventional materials that typically serve under low-frequency loading conditions, as well as for the assessment of the robustness of microelectromechanical systems which typically experience high-frequency service conditions. Using discrete dislocation dynamics, we attempt to elucidate the effect of loading frequency on the reversibility of cyclic deformation. We demonstrate that the HFT induces a higher fraction of reversible cyclic deformation because of a larger portion of elastic/anelastic deformation due to limited dislocation mobility, and a higher degree of reversibility in plastic deformation owing to the less occurrence of cross-slip.</p> <p><b>IMPACT STATEMENT</b></p> <p>Dislocation-based frequency effects on high-cycle deformation reversibility in metals are elucidated. Hysteresis energy is shown to dissipate even under ideal, damage-free conditions, contrary to popular assumptions of energy-based fatigue models.</p

Evolution of the number of countries with annual oil trading volume in excess of 1 million tons during 2001–2013.

<p>Evolution of the number of countries with annual oil trading volume in excess of 1 million tons during 2001–2013.</p

Multicolor Liposome Mixtures for Selective and Selectable Cargo Release

Many approaches exist for stimuli-triggered cargo release from nanocarriers, but few can provide for on-demand release of multiple payloads, selectively. Here, we report the synthesis of purpurin-phospholipid (Pur-P), a lipid chromophore that has near-infrared absorbance red-shifted by 30 nm compared to a structurally similar pyropheophorbide-phospholipid (Pyr-P). Liposomes containing small amounts of either Pur-P or Pyr-P exhibited similar physical properties and fluorescence self-quenching. Loaded with distinct cargos, Pur-P and Pyr-P liposomes were mixed into a single colloidal suspension and selectively released cargo depending on irradiation wavelength. Spatiotemporal control of distinct cargo release was achieved by controlling multicolor laser placement. Using basic orange and doxorubicin anthraquinones, multidimensional cytotoxicity gradients were established to gauge efficacy against cancer cells using light-released drug. Wavelength selectivity of cargo release was maintained following intramuscular administration to mice

Principle of the sliding-time windows method.

<p>The time series of oil imports are sliced with 23 superposed windows.</p

The relationship of cumulative degree distribution and degree, cumulative strength distribution and strength in log-log coordinate of 2013.

<p>The relationship of cumulative degree distribution and degree, cumulative strength distribution and strength in log-log coordinate of 2013.</p

Evolution of average correlation coefficient.

<p>The horizontal blue line represents the critical value at significance level 5% of the correlation coefficient at each time <i>t</i>.</p

Evolutions of global oil market fitness and GDP (the totality of the 38 oil-dependent countries GDP).

<p>Evolutions of global oil market fitness and GDP (the totality of the 38 oil-dependent countries GDP).</p

Evolution of the three largest eigenvalues <i>λ</i>_<i>i</i>(<i>i</i> = 1, 2, 3) of 〈<i>C</i>(<i>t</i>)〉.

<p>The horizontal red line shows the critical values <i>λ</i>_5% of eigenvalues at the significance level of 5% at each time <i>t</i>.</p

Evolution of information entropy and standard information entropy of global oil trade network.

<p>The overall trend is increasing gradually and slowly. It means the global oil trade network tends to be homogeneous slightly.</p